Client/customer
区别：client和customer都可以指顾客、客户，有时会混用，因此，实践中也容易被混淆。Client是指存在委托关系的客户，通常指我们通常所指的委托人或当事人。而customer通常指商业交易中所指的客户，亦即我们所说的消费者。因此，法律英语中在表达“当事人、委托人”含义的时候，只能用client，不能用customer替换。
Company/Corporation
区别：这两个单词在法律英语中出现的频率都很高，只不过company是英国常用来表达公司的词，而美国表示公司时，corporation出现的频率比较高，我们常见的有限责任公司的缩写Co. Ltd.中，Co. 即是Corporation的缩写，而company在美国通常表示规模中等及以下的公司。不过，对于这两个词的使用，现在也没有非常严格的区别，一般可以替换，但在特定的场合中，由于习惯，一些说法已为大家所默认，此时不能替换，如limited liability company (LLC)，一般不能说成limited liability corporation。
Compensate/Indemnify
区别：从字面上看，两个单词都有补偿、赔偿的意思，compensate指的是对别人付出的劳动或者损失给与相应的报酬或弥补。而indemnify是为他人的行为所造成的损失进行赔偿或实质恢复原状的行为，如甲方不能清偿所欠乙方的债务而由丙方支付，即是丙方indemnify了乙方。从这个意义来说，compensate使用的范围更广，是indemnify的上位概念。
Damage/harm/injury
区别：damage是指非法侵害他人的人身、财产等合法权益所形成损失或伤害。Harm侧重于行为可能带来的坏处，在法律英语中几乎不会出现。Injury则泛指所有行为带来的人身和财产上的伤害、损害，尤其指对健康和名誉的损害，是damage的上位概念。因此，两者一般可以替换，如damage/injury to reputation/person（对名誉和人身的损害）。
Damage/damages
区别：前面已经说过，damage是指非法侵害他人的人身、财产等合法权益所形成损失或伤害，既可以作名词也可以做动词。damages从形式上看，是由单词damage变化而来，但damages并不是基金的复数形式，而是表示损害赔偿金，表示一笔金钱，而不是损害，这一点一定要注意。
Bankrupt/insolvent
区别：在法律英语中，二者都可以指破产，资不抵债，但insolvent只能指公司等单位破产，不能指个人破产，而bankrupt既可以指公司等单位破产，也可以指个人破产，如He was declared bankrupt three week ago（他三个月前就被宣布破产了）。 Bond/debenture
区别：在法律英语中，二者都是债券，但bond指的是公司发行的有债务人的某项财产做担保的债券，也称Mortgage Bond（抵押债券），而debenture通常指公司等发行的没有担保的债券，即信用债券，也可以称为debt debenture。现在中国国内市场上发行的公司债券绝大部分为担保债权，因此，现在看到的词也多用bond，如corporate bond（公司债券）。 Breach/ infringe/violation
区别：三者都可以用在法律英语中，表达违反、侵犯的意思，但breach通常用于表示违反合同、协议等，如breach of contract （违约），infringe主要用于表达侵犯他人的人身或知识
产权等无形资产，如infringe the intellectual property，violate的程度最重，常用语表示严重侵犯他人的权利或违反法律法规等，如violate the criminal law (违反刑法规定)。 Branch/ subsidiary
区别：branch在法律英语中通常用作分支，指公司或其他单位的分支机构，通常翻译为分公司，即法律意义上没有独立人格，需要母公司授权以母公司名义进行活动并由母公司承担后果的机构，而subsidiary则是指公司的子公司，即有独立人格，可以自己名义从事民事行为并由自己的独立财产承担法律后果的公司。因此，这两个单词的含义区别很大，使用的时候一定要慎重。但与这两个单词相对应的表达“母公司”或“总公司”，都可以用parent company表示。 Building/Premise
区别：building 和premise都可以用在法律英语中，表示大楼、建筑。Building 主要指具体建筑，如the building is used as a department store. （这座大楼被用作开百货商店）。Premise则侧重于表达某个场所，而不是具体的房屋，如Party A shall deliver the goods at the premise of Party B. （甲方应当在乙方所在处交付货物）。 同时出现的常用单词或词组
法律英语的另一个显著特点是严谨，因此，法学家尤其是律师为了起草文件的周全、严密，防止法院对己方作出不利于自己的解释，常常会在起草文件过程中采用大量的同义词或同义词组。下面这些同义词组是经常在法律文件中出现使用频率较高的。
alter and change
分析：两个的意思都是变更、改变，作为同义词组使用，如：
Neither party may alter and change any part of this agreement without the prior written approval of the other party.
任何一方未经另一方的事前书面同意不得对本协议的任何部分做修改或变动。
authorize and empower
分析：两者的意思都是授权、给与权力，作为同义词组经常同时出现，如：
Party A hereby authorizes and empowers party B to participate in the action on behalf of Party A which shall be valid till such authorization expires or otherwise is withdrawn or terminated by Party A，as the case may be.
甲方谨授权乙方代表甲方参与诉讼，该授权在授权期限届满或被甲方撤回或终止之前（视情况而定）持续有效。
bind and obligate
分析：bind和obligate应该说是近义词，前者指约束，后者指具体负有什么样的义务，二者经常同时出现，表示“使?有义务做”，如： Both Parties hereto hereby agree willingly to bind and obligate themselves to act and perform as follows.
双方在此同意受本协议约束，执行以下条款?.。
convey, transfer, and set over
分析： convey通常指房地产的让渡，transfer是转让，set over也是转让的 意思，三者同时出现，Upon the terms and subject to the conditions contained herein (including Section 6.6), on the Closing Date, Sellers will sell, convey and transfer, or will cause to be sold, conveyed and
transferred to Purchaser, and Purchaser will purchase and acquire, the Assets, free and clear of all Liens, except Permitted Liens.
Cost expense and charge 分析：all the cost, expense and charges related to the provision of service by Party B to Party A in accordance with the instructions of Party A shall be borne by Party A, notwithstanding the fact the Party B advance the said payment.
covenant and agree
分析：AAA Co. and BBB each covenant and agree that, during the period from the date of this Agreement until this Agreement is terminated in accordance with its terms, unless CCC shall otherwise agree in writing, except as required by law or as otherwise expressly permitted or specifically contemplated by this Agreement:
(a) each of AAA Co. and BBB and their respective subsidiaries will not take any actions which would or might be reasonably expected to materially impede or otherwise frustrate the completion of the Offer
deem and consider
分析：Subject to all the terms and conditions set forth in TOS, you may use This Service. KLab shall deem and consider that you have entirely and completely assented and agreed to be bound by all the terms and conditions set forth in TOS at that time you used This Service by accessing This Site. 1-3 Respective guidelines and rules established by KLab (hereinafter collectively called “Other TOS”) are incorporated by reference into the TOS, and you shall be subject to all the terms and conditions set forth in TOS as well as Other TOS.
due and owing
分析：”Class A Indebtedness” means all and any sums now or hereafter due and owing by the Borrower to the Guarantor by way of subrogation, set-off, counterclaim or otherwise against the Borrower in respect of any payment made by the Guarantor under the Guarantee, provided that such Class A Indebtedness shall not exceed _________($,_________)
each and every
Where application is being made for the registration of a trade union, the rules of the trade union shall be sent to the Registrar, in the manner prescribed by regulations, at the same time as the application for registration. (b) When the Registrar is satisfied that– (i) such rules have been duly made; (ii) such rules make adequate provision for each and all of the matters specified in Schedule 2;
Any and all of which will be entitled to invoke such terms and conditions on their behalf and enforce such terms and conditions against you.
它们之中的任何一方及所有各方均有权作为其代表援引该条款与条件并对您执行该条款与条件。
final and conclusive
The Applicant shall provide the board of the Stock Exchange (the “Board”) with such information as the Board may require for dealing with its application. The decision of the
Board
in respect of an application for a Stock Exchange Trading Right shall be final and conclusive.
Fit and proper
昨日会议开始不久，即讨论到条例，指常任秘书长可以校董人选并非「fit and proper」
(适合及适当)为理由拒绝为其注册；
Force and effect
All licenses or agreements listed in Schedule 2.8(b) (the “Certain IP Agreements”) are in full force and effect and to the best knowledge of the Company there is no default by any party thereto. True and complete copies of all Certain IP Agreements, and any amendments thereto, have been made available to the Purchasers, and to the best knowledge of the Company, the licensors under the Certain IP Agreements to which the Company is granted rights, to the best of the Company’s knowledge, have all requisite power and authority to grant the rights purported to be conferred thereby. None of the products manufactured and sold, nor any process or know-how used, by the Company under the Certain IP Agreements infringes or is alleged to infringe any patent, trademark, service mark, trade name, copyright or other proprietary right or is a derivative work based on the work of any other person.
法律英语实务词汇讲解
