1-1解:已知:??40mm,??0.7Pa?s,a=60mm,u=15m/s,h=10mm根据牛顿内摩擦力定律:T??A
?u?y设平板宽度为b,则平板面积A?a?b?0.06b上表面单位宽度受到的内摩擦力:?1?
T1?Au?00.7?0.06b15?0?????21N/m,方向水平向左bb??hb0.04?0.01T2?Au?00.7?0.06b15?0?????63N/m,方向水平向左bbh?0b0.01?0下表面单位宽度受到的内摩擦力:?2?
平板单位宽度上受到的阻力:???1??2?21?63?84N,方向水平向左。τ1τ2
1-2解:??0.5mm,??2Pa,u=0.25m/s?u?y?0.5?10?3
根据???,有:??????2??0.004Pa?s
?y?uu?00.25?01-3解:t?20℃,d=2.5cm=0.025m,??1mm=0.001m,u=3cm/s=0.03m/s设管段长度l,管段表面积:A??dl单位长度管壁上粘滞力:??
2
?A?u??dlu?03.14?0.025?0.03
??l?yl?0.0011-4解:A?0.8?0.2?0.16m,u=1m/s,??10mm,??1.15Pa?s
T??A
?uu?01
??A?1.15?0.16??18.4N?y?0.011-5解:??15rad/s,??1mm,??0.1Pa?s,d?0.6m,H?0.5m
根据牛顿内摩擦定律,切应力:???小微元表面积:dA?2?r
?u?r???y?dr
sin?小微元受到的粘滞力:dT???dA小微元粘滞力的力矩:dM?r?dT?r???rdr?2?r?sin?sin??
d
2?d?H2????2?2?
0.30.5?0.322?0.514
圆锥体所受到的合力矩:?d?
d??rdr1????0.1?3.14?15?0.342??2
M??dM??0r???2?r???37.1N?m
?sin?2?sin?2?0.001?0.514
4
习题【2】2-1解:hB?3.0m,hAB?3.5m
hB?
pB
?3.0mH2O?g
hAB
hB
pB??ghB?9.8?1000?3.0?29400Pa
pA?pB??ghAB?2.94?104-9.8?1000?3.5=-4900PahA?
pA
??0.5mH2O?g
2-2解:z?1m,h?2m,p0?0Pa
管中为空气部分近似的为各点压强相等。21p1?p0??gh???ghp2?pA??gzp1?p2
有:pA??g(z?h)?9.8?1000?(1?2)??9800Pa
2-3解:H?1.5m,h2?0.2m,?oil=800kg/m
3
根据真空表读数,可知M点相对压强pM??980Pa1-2是等压面p1?pM??g?H?h1?h2?p2??oilgh1??Hggh2p1?p2
有:pM??g?H?h1?h2???oilgh1??Hggh2
12?980?9.8?1000?1.5?h1?0.2??9.8?800h1?13600?9.8?0.2h1?5.6m
2.4解:如图1-2是等压面,3-4是等压面,5-6段充的是空气,因此p6?p5,6-7是等压面,建立各点的压强:p1?pA??g?x?H????gyp2?pB??gx???gHp1?p2
联立有:pA?pB???????H
1x23y765z4p3???g?y?H?p4?p5??gzp6?p5p6?p7
p7???g?y?H?b???g?b?a?z?p4?p3
联立有:??g?y?H????g?y?H?b???g?b?a?z???gz
???
b?a
?b
有:pA?pB???????H?
aHb
2-5解:pM?4900Pa,h1?0.4m,h2?1.5m
pA?p0??gh2?pM??gh1
p0?pM??g?h1?h2??4900?9.8?1000??0.4?1.5???5880Pa
2-6解:z?20cm,h?12cm
①?1=920kg/m1-2是等压面3
12p1?pA??g?h?x?p2?pB??g?z?x???1ghp1?p2
pB?pA??g?z?h???1gh
x?9.8?1000??0.2?0.12??920?9.8?0.12?187Pa=0.19mH2O
②?1为空气,则?1gh可以忽略pB?pA??g?z?h??784Pa?0.08mH2O
2-7解:??30,l?0.5m,h?0.1m
?
p??gh??glsin?有:p??g?lsin??h??9.8?1000?0.5?sin30?0.1?1470Pa
?
??2-16解:h?1m,b?0.8m,h1?2m
绘制压强分布图h1?2m时,作用于挡板的压力的作用点距离池底的距离:hh1?2h1?h12?2?2?1?e?????0.44m3h1?h1?h32?2?1
ρg(h1-h)??ρgh1
轴位于作用点下方,即可自动开启即y?e?0.44m时,即可自动开启。2-17解:b?1m,??45,h1?3m,h1?2m
?
图解法1:绘制压强分布图压力分为两部分:9.8?1000??3?2??1h1?h21
P?S?b??gh?h??b??6.93kN?12?11??
2sin452?sin45
作用方向垂直于闸门指向右。作用点:y1?
2
2h1?h2
?0.94m
3sin45?
9.8?1000??3?2??2?1h2
?b??27.72kNsin45?sin45?
P2?S2?b??g?h1?h2??
作用方向垂直于闸门指向右。作用点:y2?
h1h21???2.83msin45?2sin45?
总压力大小:P?P1?P2?6.93?27.72?34.65kN总压力作用方向垂直于闸门指向右。根据合力矩定理:Py?P1y1?P2y2有作用点:y?
P6.93?0.94?27.72?2.831y1?P2y2
??2.45mP34.65
S1
xP1
ρgh1
xS2ρg(h1-h2)yρgh2
图解法1y图解法2P2
图解法2:绘制压强分布图