初中代词总复习
代词是代替名词的词，按照其不同的含义与作用分类。代词种类多，用途广，试题中出现频率很高，中考中涉及各个题型，约占中考试题的10%左右，出现较多的是不定代.词的用法及代词作主语时和谓语动词一致的用法，人称代词主格与宾格用法区别，形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的用法区别。代词在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 一．人称代词： 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 主格 I you it/she/he 单数 宾格 me you it/her/him 主格 we you they 复数 宾格 us you them 1.主格作主语,宾格作动词或介词的宾语. He teaches ______ (we) Chinese . 2.三种人称代词并列时,顺序为:
单数:二,三,一 （You, she/ he and I ） 复数:一,二,三 (we , you and they ) 注:若把责任担,第一人称最当先,(即若做错事时,把第一人称放在最前面.) She and I have been to Beijing.
Who broke the window? I and Mike. 注：it 还有一些特别的用法。
1）用作形式主语,常用于 “It’s +adj. +to do sth.”句型中. 2) 用在句型: “It seems that …”中.
3) 用在句型: “It’s one’s turn to do sth”中. 4) 用在句型: “It’s time to do sth / for sth”中. 5) 用在句型: “It’s +adj. +that 从句”中.
6) 用作形式宾语, 用来代替动词不定式. make/ think /feel/find + it + adj. (名词)+ to do sth. 二.物主代词. 形容词性 名词性 第一人称 单数 my mine 复数 our ours 第二人称 单数 your yours 复数 your yours 第三人称 单数 its/his/her its/his/hers 复数 their theirs 1. 形容词性的物主代词作定语放在名词前，不能单独使用。
2. 名词性的物主代词，后面不能加名词。名词性的物主代词常与of 连用。 Our classroom is as big as ______(they) . This is a friend of ______(my).
注: 1)名词性的物主代词相当于形容词性的物主代词加一个名词.
（名词性的物主代词=形容词性的物主代词+ 名词）
2)形容词性的物主代词与own 连用时,后面可跟名词也可不跟名词. My own house = a house of my own
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三.反身代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 myself yourself himself/herself/itself 复数 ourselves yourselves themselves 记忆小窍门:
反身代词有规律,第三人称宾格加self.其余都要物主加self,复数ves来把f替.
反身代词的常用搭配:
enjoy oneself hurt oneself teach oneself = learn…by oneself all by oneself help oneself to … look after oneself leave sb. by oneself say to oneself for oneself dress oneself improve oneself see oneself in the mirror 四.指示代词
1.近指: this these 远指: that those 2.用法:
1)that those 常用来代替前面出现的人或物,以避免重复. That代替可数名词的单数或不可数名词. Those 代替复数名词.
The weather in Guangdong is hotter than _____ in Qinghai . The books in that shop are cheaper than ______in this shop. A. this B. that C. one D. those
2)this ,that 可代替句子或句子的一个部分,that代替前面提到的句子而this代替下面提到的句子.
He had a bad cold, that is why he didn’t come.
3)在电话用语中,this 代替自己,而that 代替对方. This is Tom speaking. Who is that? 五.不定代词的区别. 1.one与it 的区别
it用来指特指，指上下文提到同一对象,同一事物。eg: May I use your bike? Sure, you can use it.(=the bike.)
one 泛指，指上文提到的同类事物中一个，同类而不同一。Who has a pen? I have one .(a pen) that 代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复。The weather in Beijing is colder than that (the weather) in Guangzhou.
2.some与any 的区别
一般情况下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定,疑问句,条件句中.但在表建议的疑问句中,仍用some 代any. 常用于could / would / May 开头或what about /how about …. 的句中。 May I have some water?
He asked me for some paper, but I didn’t have any. 3.many与much的区别
Many+可数名词的复数 Much+不可数名词 都相当于 a lot of +复数名词/不可数名词
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注:a lot of 不能用于否定句中. 否定句中用many /much . 4.a few /few /a little /little 的区别 修饰可数名词复数 修饰不可数名词 表否定(几乎没有) few little 表肯定(有一点/几个) a few a little The story is easy to read. There are _____ new words in it . Hurry up! There is _____ time left. 5.each / every 的区别
each 表示两者或两者以上的人或物中的每一个.而every 表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一个.
There are trees and flowers on _____ side of the street. ______ student has read a story .
注:each 可以与of 连用, each of 作主语时,谓语动词用单数.而every 不能与of 连用.只能放在名词前作定语. Each of us _______ (study) hard . 6.no one 与none 的区别
no one 表示没有人, 不能与of 连用. 而none of +复数名词/ 代词，作主语时，谓语常用单数。. The boys were all tired, but _____ of them stopped to have a rest. 7.both /neither /either /all / none / any 的区别
两者之间 三者或三者以上 都 both all 都不 neither none 任何一个 either any There are many trees on ____ side of the river. A. both B. any C. either D. all 注: 1). both 的否定词是neither, all的否定词是none.
2).both of 作主语时,谓语动词用复数. neither of作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. Neither of the answers ______(be) right . Both of my parents _______(be) workers. 3).词组
A) both …and …连接两个主语时,谓语动词用复数. 同义词组:not only …but also … 反义词组: neither … nor …
Not only you but also she likes watching TV. = ____ you _____ she like watching TV.= You like watching TV , _____ _____ she .
B) either …or … 或者……或者…… , neither…nor… 既不……也不…… 连接两个主语时,谓语动词实行就近原则.
Neither you nor he ______ (be ) right .
One of Lily and Lucy is going to the park. = _____ Lily _____Lucy _____ going to the park. C) either 也可用于否定句中的 “也”
D) neither 也可表示 “ 也不” 句型: neither … sb. 某人也不怎么样. If you don’t go there, _____ _____ I. (我也不去)
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4) how many /how much 的回答:用none回答. Who 的回答:用no one 回答. What 的回答:用nothing 回答.
How many students are there in the classroom? __________.
Who can answer the question? _______.A. None B. No one C. Nothing 8.other /the other /others /the others 的区别
有数量限制(特指) 没有数量限制(泛指) 后面没有名词 the others others 后面有名词 the other other 注: 1) one …the other … 表示两者之间的一个……另一个…… 2) some… others… 表示一些…… 一些……
3) another 表示三者以上的不确定数目中的另一个. 只能修饰可数名词的单数. 但 another +数字+ 复数名词= 数字+ more +复数名词 表示 “ 另外几个……” I have two brothers, one is a teacher, _________ is a worker.
Some are cleaning the classroom, ______ are sweeping the window.
There are 20 teachers in our school. Eight of them are men teachers ,and _____ are women teachers 9.
everyone 每个人，人人，大家（只用来不与of 连用
指人）
every one 每个人、物 可与of 连用 E
very one of us has seen the film. Everyone should do their best. 10.复合不定代词.
thing one body some something someone somebody any anything anyone anybody no nothing no one nobody every everything everyone Everybody 注: 1.复合不定代词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 2.形容词修饰不定代词时, 形容词放在不定代词之后.
3.动词不定式修饰不定代词时, 动词不定式放在不定代词之后. 4.复合不定代词用于反义疑问句中,
1)指人的不定代词, 其反义疑问句中的主语用he 或they . 2)指物的不定代词, 其反义疑问句中的主语用 it .
5.any ,anything ,anyone, anybody 也可用于肯定句中,表示 “任何……/任何物/任何人” Everything ______ (begin ) to grow in spring, _______ _______ ?
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Is there ___________(一些有趣的事)in today’s newspaper ? I want something ________ (eat ). 不定代词 other 意义 另外的 用法说明 只作定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用；前面有the.this,that,some,your等时，则可以与单数连用。Other+名词=others 常与one连用，构one……the other；the other+名词=the others 是的other复数形式；泛指别的人或物(但不是剩余的全部)，不能作定语，构成some……others…… 是the other的复数形式，特指剩余的全部的人或物 指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作形容词或代词another+单数名词；another+数词+复数名词 译为“再 又” the other others the others another 两者中的另一个 泛指别的人或物 特指其余的人或物 任何一个，另一个 1.I have two pens. One is red, the other is blue 2.I don’t like the book, please give me another one..
3.Some students are listening to the radio, others (=other students) are watching TV.（可能还有一些人在干别的。）
4.There are thirty students in our class. Twenty are girls, the other students(=the others) are boys. 5. There are thirty students in our class. Twenty are from Beijing. The others are from Nanjing.(其余的全来自南京)
6. There are thirty students in our class. Twenty are from Beijing. others are from Nanjing.(还有来自南京的，暗示其余十人不只是来自南京，还可能有来自上海等地。) 7．You can stay another ten days.=You can stay ten more days.
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初三中考英语代词总复习
