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Á÷Ìå´«¶¯ hydraulic power Һѹ¼¼Êõ hydraulics ÒºÁ¦¼¼Êõ hydrodynamics ÆøÒº¼¼Êõ hydropneumatics
ÔËÐй¤¿ö operating conditions ¶î¶¨¹¤¿ö rated conditions ¼«ÏÞ¹¤¿ö limited conditions
˲̬¹¤¿ö instantaneous conditions ÎÈ̬¹¤¿ö steady-state conditions ÐíÓù¤¿ö acceptable conditions Á¬Ðø¹¤¿ö continuous working conditions ʵ¼Ê¹¤¿ö actual conditions ЧÂÊ efficiency
Ðýת·½Ïò direction of rotation ¹«³ÆѹÁ¦ nominal pressure ¹¤×÷ѹÁ¦ working pressure ½ø¿ÚѹÁ¦ inlet pressure ³ö¿ÚѹÁ¦ outlet pressure
ѹ½µ pressure drop£»differential pressure
±³Ñ¹ back pressure
Æô¶¯Ñ¹Á¦ breakout pressure ³äÓÍѹÁ¦ charge pressure ¿ªÆôѹÁ¦ cracking pressure ·åֵѹÁ¦ peak pressure
ÔËÐÐѹÁ¦ operating pressure ÄÍѹÊÔÑéѹÁ¦ proof pressure ³å»÷ѹÁ¦ surge pressure ¾²Ñ¹Á¦ static pressure ϵͳѹÁ¦ system pressure ¿ØÖÆѹÁ¦ pilot pressure
³äÆøѹÁ¦ pre-charge pressure ÎüÈëѹÁ¦ suction pressure µ÷ѹƫ²î override pressure ¶î¶¨Ñ¹Á¦ rated pressure ºÄÆøÁ¿ air consumption й© leakage
ÄÚй© internal leakage Íâй© external leakage ²ãÁ÷ laminar flow ÎÉÁ÷ turbulent flow ÆøѨ cavitation Á÷Á¿ flow rate ÅÅÁ¿ displacement
¶î¶¨Á÷Á¿ rated flow ¹©¸øÁ÷Á¿ supply flow Á÷Á¿ÏµÊý flower factor ÖÍ»· hysteresis
ͼÐηûºÅ graphical symbol
ҺѹÆø¶¯Ôª¼þͼÐηûºÅ symbols for hydraulic and pneumatic components Á÷ÌåÂß¼Ôª¼þͼÐηûºÅ symbols for fluid logic devices
Âß¼¹¦ÄÜͼÐηûºÅ symbols for logic functions
»Ø·ͼ circuit diagram
ѹÁ¦£Ê±¼äͼ pressure time diagram ¹¦ÄÜͼ function diagram Ñ»· circle
×Ô¶¯Ñ»· automatic cycle ¹¤×÷Ñ»· working cycle Ñ»·ËÙ¶È cycling speed ¹¤²½ phase
Í£Ö¹¹¤²½ dwell phase ¹¤×÷¹¤²½ working phase
¿ì½ø¹¤²½ rapid advance phase ¿ìÍ˹¤²½ rapid return phase ƵÂÊÏìÓ¦ frequency response Öظ´ÐÔ repeat ability ¸´ÏÖÐÔ reproducibility ƯÒÆ drift ²¨¶¯ ripple
ÏßÐÔ¶È linearity
ÏßÐÔÇø linear region ҺѹËø½ô hydraulic lock Һѹ¿¨½ô sticking
±äÁ¿±Ã variable displacement pump ±ÃµÄ¿ØÖÆ control of pump ³ÝÂֱà gear pump ҶƬ±Ã vane pump ÖùÈû±Ã piston pump
ÖáÏòÖùÈû±Ã axial piston pump ·¨À¼°²×° flange mounting µ××ù°²×° foot mounting ҺѹÂí´ï hydraulic motor ¸Õ¶È stiffness
ÖÐλ neutral position Áãλ zero position ×ÔÓÉλ free position ¸× cylinder
ÓÐ¸Ë¶Ë rod end ÎÞ¸Ë¶Ë rear end
ÍâÉìÐÐ³Ì extend stroke ÄÚËõÐÐ³Ì retract stroke »º³å cushioning
¹¤×÷ÐÐ³Ì working stroke ¸ºÔØѹÁ¦ induced pressure Êä³öÁ¦ force
ʵ¼ÊÊä³öÁ¦ actual force
µ¥×÷ÓÃ¸× single-acting cylinder Ë«×÷ÓÃ¸× double-acting cylinder ²î¶¯¸× differential cylinder ÉìËõ¸× telescopic cylinder ·§ valve
µ×°å sub-plate
ÓÍ·¿é manifold block °åʽ·§ sub-plate valve µþ¼Ó·§ sandwich valve ²å×°·§ cartridge valve »¬·§ slide valve ׶·§ poppet valve ·§Ð¾ valve element
·§Ð¾Î»Öà valve element position µ¥Ïò·§ check valve
Òº¿Øµ¥Ïò·§ pilot-controlled check valve
Ëó·§ shuttle valve
ѹÁ¦¿ØÖÆ·§ pressure relief valve ÒçÁ÷·§ pressure relief valve ˳Ðò·§ sequence valve
¼õѹ·§ pressure reducing valve ƽºâ·§ counterbalance valve жºÉ·§ unloading valve
Ö±¶¯Ê½ directly operated type Ïȵ¼Ê½ pilot-operated type
»úе¿ØÖÆʽ mechanically controlled type
ÊÖ¶¯Ê½ manually operated type Òº¿Øʽ hydraulic controlled type Á÷Á¿¿ØÖÆ·§ flow control valve
¹Ì¶¨½ÚÁ÷·§ fixed restrictive valve ¿Éµ÷½ÚÁ÷·§ adjustable restrictive valve
µ¥Ïò½ÚÁ÷·§ one-way restrictive valve µ÷ËÙ·§ speed regulator valve ·ÖÁ÷·§ flow divider valve
¼¯Á÷·§ flow-combining valve ½ØÖ¹·§ shut-off valve Çò·§ global(ball) valve Õë·§ needle valve Õ¢·§ gate valve
ĤƬ·§ diaphragm valve µû·§ butterfly valve ÔëÉùµÈ¼¶noise level ·Å´óÆ÷ amplifier
Ä£Äâ·Å´óÆ÷ analogue amplifier Êý×Ö·Å´óÆ÷ digital amplifier ´«¸ÐÆ÷ sensor ãÐÖµ threshold
ËÅ·þ·§ servo-valve ËÄͨ·§ four-way valve Åç×ìµ²°å nozzle flapper
Һѹ·Å´óÆ÷ hydraulic amplifier ²üÕñ dither
·§¼«ÐÔ valve polarity Á÷Á¿ÔöÒæ flow gain ¶Ô³Æ¶È symmetry
Á÷Á¿¼«ÏÞ flow limit
ÁãλÄÚй© null(quiescent) leakage ÕÚ¸Ç lap
ÁãÕÚ¸Ç zero lap ÕýÕÚ¸Ç over lap ¸ºÕÚ¸Ç under lap ¿ª¿Ú opening ÁãÆ« null bias ÁãƯ null drift
·§Ñ¹½µ valve pressure drop ·Ö±æÂÊ resolution
ƵÂÊÏìÓ¦ frequency response ·ùÖµ±È amplitude ratio ÏàλÒÆ phase lag
´«µÝº¯Êý transfer function ¹Ü· flow line Ó²¹Ü rigid tube Èí¹Ü flexible hose ¹¤×÷¹Ü· working line »ØÓ͹Ü· return line
²¹Òº¹Ü· replenishing line ¿ØÖƹÜ· pilot line йÓ͹Ü· drain line ·ÅÆø¹Ü· bleed line
½ÓÍ· fitting£»connection
º¸½Óʽ½ÓÍ· welded fitting À©¿Úʽ½ÓÍ· flared fitting
¿ì»»½ÓÍ· quick release coupling ·¨À¼½ÓÍ· flange connection ÍäÍ· elbow
Ò쾶½ÓÍ· reducer fitting Á÷µÀ flow pass ÓÍ¿Ú port
±ÕʽÓÍÏä sealed reservoir
ÓÍÏäÈÝÁ¿ reservoir fluid capacity ÆøÄÒʽÐîÄÜÆ÷bladder accumulator ¿ÕÆøÎÛȾ air contamination
¹ÌÌå¿ÅÁ£ÎÛȾ solid contamination ÒºÌåÎÛȾ liquid contamination ¿ÕÆø¹ýÂËÆ÷ air filter ÓÍÎíÆø lubricator
ÈȽ»»»Æ÷ heat exchanger ÀäÈ´Æ÷ cooler ¼ÓÈÈÆ÷ heater
ζȿØÖÆÆ÷ thermostat ÏûÉùÆ÷ silencer
˫Ͳ¹ýÂËÆ÷ duplex filter
¹ýÂËÆ÷ѹ½µ filter pressure drop ÓÐЧ¹ýÂËÃæ»ý effective filtration area ¹«³Æ¹ýÂ˾«¶È nominal filtration rating ѹÀ£Ñ¹Á¦ collapse pressure ÌîÁÏÃÜ·â packing seal »úеÃÜ·â mechanical seal ¾¶ÏòÃÜ·â radial seal ÐýתÃÜ·â rotary seal »îÈûÃÜ·â piston seal »îÈû¸ËÃÜ·â rod seal
·À³¾È¦ÃÜ·â wiper seal£»scraper ×éºÏµæȦ bonded washer ¸´ºÏÃÜ·â¼þ composite seal µ¯ÐÔÃÜ·â¼þ elastomer seal ¶¡ëæÏ𽺠nitrile butadiene rubber£»NBR ¾ÛËÄ·úÒÒÏ© polytetrafluoroethene£»PTFE ÓÅÏÈ¿ØÖÆ override control ѹÁ¦±í pressure gauge
ѹÁ¦´«¸ÐÆ÷ electrical pressure transducer
ѹ²î¼Æ differential pressure instrument
Һλ¼Æ liquid level measuring instrument
Á÷Á¿¼Æ flow meter
ѹÁ¦¿ª¹Ø pressure switch Âö³å·¢ÉúÆ÷ pulse generator Һѹ±ÃÕ¾ power station
¿ÕÆø´¦Àíµ¥Ôª air conditioner unit ѹÁ¦¿ØÖƻط pressure control circuit °²È«»Ø· safety circuit
²î¶¯»Ø· differential circuit µ÷Ëٻط flow control circuit ½ø¿Ú½ÚÁ÷»Ø· meter-in circuit ³ö¿Ú½ÚÁ÷»Ø· meter-out circuit ͬ²½»Ø· synchronizing circuit ¿ªÊ½»Ø· open circuit ±Õʽ»Ø· closed circuit ¹Ü·²¼Öà pipe-work ¹Ü¿¨ clamper
ÁªÖáÆ÷ drive shaft coupling ²Ù×÷̨ control console ¿ØÖÆÆÁ control panel ±ÜÕðºí compensator Õ³¶È viscosity
Ô˶¯Õ³¶È kinematic viscosity ÃÜ¶È density
º¬Ë®Á¿ water content ÉÁµã flash point
·ÀÐâÐÔ rust protection
¿¹¸¯Ê´ÐÔ anti-corrosive quality ±ãЯʽ¿ÅÁ£¼ì²âÒÇ portable particle counter
Solenoid valve µç´Å·§ Check valve µ¥Ïò·§ Cartridge valve ²å×°·§
Sandwich plate valve µþ¼Ó·§ Pilot valve Ïȵ¼·§
Pilot operated check valve Òº¿Øµ¥Ïò·§ Sub-plate mount °åʽ°²×° Manifold block ¼¯³É¿é
Pressure relief valve ѹÁ¦ÒçÁ÷·§ Flow valve Á÷Á¿·§ Throttle valve ½ÚÁ÷·§
Double throttle check valve Ë«µ¥Ïò½ÚÁ÷·§
Rotary knob ÐýÅ¥
Rectifier plate ½ÚÁ÷°å Servo valve ËÅ·þ·§
Proportional valve ±ÈÀý·§
Position feedback λÖ÷´À¡ Progressive flow ½¥ÔöÁ÷Á¿
De-energizing of solenoid µç´ÅÌúÊÍ·Å
¶þ¡¢½éÖÊÀà
Phosphate ester (HFD-R) Á×Ëá¸ÊÓÍõ¥ Water-glycol (HFC) Ë®-ÒÒ¶þ´¼ Emulsion È黯Һ Inhibitor»ºÊ´¼Á
Synthetic lubricating oil ºÏ³ÉÓÍ
Èý¡¢ÒºÑ¹°²×°¹¤³Ì Contamination ÎÛȾ Grout ¹à½¬ Failure ʧЧ Jog µã¶¯ CreepÅÀÐÐ Abrasion Ħ²Á
Retract£¨»îÈû¸Ë£©Éì³ö Extension £¨»îÈû¸Ë£©Ëõ»Ø Malfunction Îó¶¯×÷ Pickling ËáÏ´ Flushing ³åÏ´
Dipping process ²ÛʽËáÏ´ Re-circulation Ñ»· Passivity ¶Û»¯ Nitric acid ÄûÃÊËá Argon ë²Æø
Butt welding ¶Ô½Óº¸ Socket welding Ì׹ܺ¸
Inert gas welding ¶èÐÔÆøÌ庸
ËÄ¡¢¹Ü½ÓÍ·
Bite type fittings ¿¨Ì×ʽ¹Ü½ÓÍ· Tube to tube fittings ½Ó¹Ü½ÓÍ· union ֱͨ½Ó¹Ü½ÓÍ·
union elbow Ö±½Ç¹Ü½ÓÍ· union tee Èýͨ¹Ü½ÓÍ· union cross ËÄͨ¹Ü½ÓÍ·
Mal stud fittings ¶Ëֱͨ¹Ü½ÓÍ· Bulkhead fittings ³¤Ö±Í¨¹Ü½ÓÍ· Weld fittings º¸½Óʽ¹Ü½ÓÍ·
Female connector fittings ½ÓÍ·ÂÝĸ Reducers extenders ±ä¾¶¹Ü½ÓÍ· Banjo fittings ½Â½Óʽ¹Ü½ÓÍ·
Adjustable fittings/swivel nut Ðýת½Ó
Í·
Îå¡¢ËÅ·þ·§¼°ËÅ·þϵͳÐÔÄܲÎÊý Dynamic response ¶¯Ì¬ÆµÏì
DDV-direct drive valve Ö±¶¯Ê½ËÅ·þ·§ NFPA-National Fluid Power Association ÃÀ¹úÁ÷Ìå¿ØÖÆѧ»á Phase lag ÏàλÖͺó
Nozzle flapper valve Åç×ìµ²°å·§ Servo-jet pilot valve ÉäÁ÷¹Ü·§ Dither ²üÕñµçÁ÷
Coil impedance ÏßȦ×迹 Flow saturation Á÷Á¿±¥ºÍ Linearity ÏßÐÎ¶È Symmetry ¶Ô³ÆÐÔ Hysterics ÖÍ»· Threshold ÁéÃô¶È Lap Öͺó
Pressure gain ѹÁ¦ÔöÒæ Null Áãλ
Null bias ÁãÆ« Null shift ÁãÆ®
Frequency response ƵÂÊÏìÓ¦ Slope ÇúÏßбÆÂ
Һѹϵͳ£¨hydraulic system£© Ö´ÐÐÔª¼þ£¨actuator£© Һѹ¸×£¨cylinder£© ҺѹÂí´ï£¨motor£© Һѹ»Ø·£¨circuit£©
ѹÁ¦¿ØÖƻط£¨pressure control£©
Á÷Á¿£¨Ëٶȣ©¿ØÖƻط£¨speed control£© ·½Ïò¿ØÖƻط£¨directional valve control£©
°²È«»Ø·£¨security control£© ¶¨Î»»Ø·£¨position control£© ͬ²½»Ø·£¨synchronise circuit£© ˳Ðò¶¯×÷»Ø·£¨sequeunt circuit£© Һѹ±Ã£¨pump£© ·§£¨valve£©
ѹÁ¦¿ØÖÆ·§£¨pressure valve£©¡¢Á÷Á¿¿ØÖÆ·§£¨flow valve£©
·½Ïò¿ØÖÆ·§£¨directional valve£© Һѹ¸¨¼þ£¨accessory£© ÆÕͨ·§£¨common valve£© ²å×°·§£¨cartridge valve£© µþ¼Ó·§£¨superimposed valve
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Á÷Ìå´«¶¯ hydraulic power Һѹ¼¼Êõ hydraulics ÒºÁ¦¼¼Êõhydrodynamics ÆøÒº¼¼Êõhydropneumatics ÔËÐй¤¿ö operatingconditions ¶î¶¨¹¤¿ö ratedconditions ¼«ÏÞ¹¤¿ö limitedconditions ˲̬¹¤¿öinstantaneous conditions ÎÈ̬¹¤¿östeady-state conditions ÐíÓù¤¿ö acceptableconditions Á¬Ðø¹¤¿ö continuousworking conditions ʵ¼Ê¹¤¿ö actualconditions ЧÂÊ efficiency
Ðýת·½Ïò directionof rotation ¹«³ÆѹÁ¦ nominalpressure ¹¤×÷ѹÁ¦ workingpressure ½ø¿ÚѹÁ¦ inletpressure ³ö¿ÚѹÁ¦ outletpressure
ѹ½µ pressure drop£»differentialpressure ±³Ñ¹ back pressure
Æô¶¯Ñ¹Á¦ breakoutpressure
³äÓÍѹÁ¦ chargepressure ¿ªÆôѹÁ¦ crackingpressure ·åֵѹÁ¦ peakpressure ÔËÐÐѹÁ¦ operatingpressure ÄÍѹÊÔÑéѹÁ¦ proofpressure ³å»÷ѹÁ¦ surgepressure ¾²Ñ¹Á¦ staticpressure ϵͳѹÁ¦ systempressure ¿ØÖÆѹÁ¦ pilotpressure ³äÆøѹÁ¦ pre-chargepressure ÎüÈëѹÁ¦ suctionpressure µ÷ѹƫ²î overridepressure ¶î¶¨Ñ¹Á¦ ratedpressure ºÄÆøÁ¿ air consumption й© leakage
ÄÚй© internal leakage Íâй© external leakage ²ãÁ÷ laminar flow ÎÉÁ÷ turbulent flow ÆøѨ cavitation Á÷Á¿ flow rate