2019年高考英语总复习微专题训练第15练自然与环保类一word版本

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第15练自然与环保类（一）

单词识记： energy island protect waste atmosphere balance strait citizen desert ocean population range pure rubbish valley wave phenomenon survival consequence decline 短语扫描： protect sb./sth.from...保护某人/物不受…… waste sth.on sb./sth.把某物浪费在某人/物上 off the coast 在沿岸的海面上 under the protection of 在……的保护下 a wide range of各式各样的 wave goodbye to sb.向某人挥手告别 as a consequence/in consequence of由于；因为……的缘故 come about (尤指未经计划地)发生；产生 ageing population人口老龄化 bring/get...under control 使……受控制 [跟踪训练] Ⅰ.语境填词

1．Had I kept a ________(balance) diet for the past few years，I would not have stomach trouble now.

2．If cancers are spotted early there’s a high chance of ________(survive)． 3．If Bob was attracted here by the prospects of therapy，John came down ________(pure) and simply to make money.

4．They are British ________(市民) but live in India so that they can learn more about Indian culture.

5．APEC conference was held in Beijing in a friendly ________(气氛)． Ⅱ.单项填空

6．This factory produced much dirty water，which resulted in a wide ________ of

environmental problems. A．branch B．range C．species D．wave

7．—How did the global financial crisis ________？

—I’m not quite sure.Anyhow，it is a very important problem facing us. A．come up B．come about C．come along D．come around

8．The Internet users have been warned to ________ any messages that ask you to send cash or personal information，no matter how formal they are.

A．abandon B．reject C．decline D．withdraw

9．Yesterday’s fog was very heavy and ________ all the flights were cancelled. A．constantly B．consequently C．continuously D．consistently

10．The white building，________ threats to pull it down，is now a private house in the possession of a retired professor.

A．survived B．surviving C．to survive D．having survived

Biology or saxophone？Chris Templeton didn’t know which to study in college，so

he chose both.Ⅰ.阅读理解

A chance walk through a park convinced Templeton that he had made the right choice.During that walk，he heard the expressive notes(鸟鸣声) of a black-capped chickadee (黑头山雀)．As Templeton listened，he slowly realized that the bird sang a different tune each time.“My musical training helped open up my ears to the different

sounds that the animals were making，” said Templeton.

Feeling curious，the student began focusing on how different species styled their songs.When birds varied their calls，did that indicate they were giving a different

meaning to each message？After receiving college degrees in music and biology, Templeton began an in-depth study of the sounds animals use to communicate.He focused on chickadee

warnings.

When a cat，a wolf or another predator(捕食者) threatens a chickadee，the little bird makes a distinctive chick-a-dee-dee-dee.“It’s where the birds get their name，”

explained Templeton.

Sometimes, the birds vary their calls.Many scientists want to find out why.So Templeton decided to show a few animals to a group of chickadees.The first animal was a squirrel，which picks at their foods.The small birds responded by first producing

lots of calls，then getting together and attacking it.

As Templeton changed predators，he realized that the chickadees also changed their alarm calls accordingly.“If you listen to a chickadee singing carefully，you can find it adds more ‘dee’ notes to the end of its call for a more dangerous predator，”

said Templeton.

Chickadees rely on a group of different vocal signals，about 14 in all.Each contains a lot of information.For a small predator on land，chickadees use their chick-a-dee-dee-dee call.This calls nearby chickadees to gather and drive it out of the area so it can’t sneak up on them later，explained Templeton.Meanwhile，if a raptor(猛禽) flies overhead，chickadees produce a sharp，high-pitched call.This warns other

chickadees to dive for cover or freeze in place.

Interestingly，other species of birds pay attention too.“We know about 50 different species will respond to the chickadees’ calls，”said Templeton.“Once you really start

listening，you will know how amazing these birds are.”

1．What unique advantage does Chris Templeton enjoy in the study?

A．His interest in biology.

B．His special training in music.

C．His familiarity with birds of all kinds.D．The financial support from the government.

2．Chickadees make changes in their alarm calls to show________.

A．they are in desperate need of helpB．they are ready to launch an attack

C．how dangerous the situation isD．what predator they are facing

3．Paragraph 7 implies that chickadees choose a particular call depending on________.

A．whether other species respond to the calls

B．whose attention they want to attractC．who they are sending information to B

(2016·南通、扬州、泰州三模)D．what they want to communicate

Microsoft just finished a three-month experiment operating an underwater data center.A server rack(服务器支架) with the power of about 300 PCs was placed into a water-tight(防水) steel container and lowered into the ocean off the coast of central

California.

The unusual experiment was launched because current data centers are unpleasantly inefficient.They’re built where energy and land are cheap(not close to where people actually live)．And they waste so much energy cooling their massive computers.The ocean can solve those problems.The cold ocean floor sufficiently cools the computing components inside the pod.And since most people live near the ocean，placing data centers under water could potentially increase the speed at which customers could access the

information stored in Microsoft’s cloud.

The experiment was so successful that Microsoft operated the underwater data center for 75 days longer than it had planned to.The next step is to get a larger pod，with about four times the computing power，under the ocean for testing.Unlike the first experiment，the next pod will also be equipped with turbines，which will transform the ocean’s

currents into electricity.It’s not clear when，if ever，underwater data centers will become a possible product.“Our first experiment was like dipping our pinkie toe in the water，and now we’re going for the big toe，” said Lee，corporate vice president

of Microsoft Research.

Microsoft is still analyzing the environmental impacts of the study.Data centers are both hot and loud，which could have damaging effects on ocean life.Microsoft found that the noise its underwater data center produced was drowned out by nearby shrimp and crabs.The data centers are also built from recyclable materials，and Microsoft believes that the total carbon footprint of underwater data centers will be

“dramatically lower” than current land-based centers.

Given the growth in the cloud，industry analysts believe that most of the world’s data centers have yet to be built.But building a data center takes at least two years—an eternity in the fast-developing tech industry.As a result，Microsoft builds its data centers with the future in mind，installing far more computing power and space than

it currently needs.

Lee believes that going underwater can shift the building of data centers from construction projects to manufacturing jobs.“What if we could mass-produce these pods on an assembly line？” he thought.“We could deliver a data center，from conception

to operation，in 90 days.That’s dramatically different than what’s happening today.”

4．What is the advantage of an underwater data center?

A．It can be lowered to the ocean floor easily.

B．It can cool computing components automatically.

C．It can be built close to the place where people live.D．It can make information easily accessible to people.

5．We can infer that the underwater data centers ________.

A．cause little harm to the ocean lifeB．are more environmentally friendlyC．change the course of ocean currentsD．are easy to build in large quantities

6．The underlined word “eternity” in Paragraph 5 means “________”．

A．an extremely long time

B．an extended period

C．a seemingly short time

D．a fruitful period