混凝土配合比设计

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Xiaoping theory and the important thought of the three represents and the scientific Outlook on development. Such changes were made, is conducive to implementing the innovation of Marxism in China, especially the scientific concept of development the strategic task of arming the whole party, play grass-roots organizations in promoting the scientific Outlook on development into the grass-roots level, and to implement the important role. Third, how to use the contents of the new Constitution guiding party building through studying the essence of the new Constitution, the flexible application of the essence of the Constitution in party building, and I think the key to grasping the following: to catch the discipline, focus on strengthening the party's rules and regulations binding. To strictly observe and carry out the party's political discipline, ensure the centralism and unity of the whole party. Party cadres, especially leading cadres, both doers, but also have a strong sense of political awareness to dry line, line, not lack of ability to work, become a talker; hard work isSkill, political direction, unable to understand when confused. Flag of the CPC Central Committee and the Committee's requirements into Department's request, to a holistic and concerted efforts, subject to the overall situation. Second, cadres and strive to play an exemplary role of party members and cadres of hardworking and clean, emphasizes lead, shift, led. Lead is to adhere to set an example, to lead by example, deal with the relationship between individuals and parties, real lead role shift is in order to strengthen the sense of responsibility, creating a fighting force; lead is to adhere to strict requirements, strict management and strict supervision. Three catch basis and strive to enhance the combat effectiveness of the party organization. To according to Constitution on grass-roots party of requirements, to implementation good basic system, for members for, regardless of party positions has more high, administrativterms has more big, any when are to has Organization concept, active participate in organization activities, consciously accept party of supervision; to do based sex work, management good members, service good members, grass-roots party to using members organization received turned, and members thought reported, and party of Conference and dues pay, opportunities, master members of basic situation, care members life. Four to focus and work hard to resolve. Comrades, the above is what I give you guidance in the new Constitution. Hope every Member of the party to pass the tutor, deepen our understanding of the Constitution in the party's guiding ideology advancing with the times, consciously link their own thinking and practice, after careful study, read and carefully understand, think, relate, apply what they have learned. Not only runs through the mass line of the party Constitution to learn the new educational practice all the time, but also to harvest as a good starting point to learn, study and work to do better in the future, and strive to create a new situation for school education contribute their混凝土配合比设计

? 目的：

? 确定混凝土中各组成材料数量之间的比例关系。 ? 常用的表示方法：

? 以每1混凝土中各项材料的质量表示， ? 水泥（mc）300 kg、水（mw）180 kg、砂（ms）720 kg、石子（mg）1200 kg

? 以各项材料的质量比来表示（以水泥质量为1）如 : ? 水泥：砂：石子：水＝1：2.4:4:0.6 一.混凝土配合比设计中的三个参数 ? Ⅰ、水与水泥之间的比例关系— 水灰比表示；

? Ⅱ、砂与石子之间的比关系— 砂率表示；

? Ⅲ、水泥浆与骨料之间的比例关系— 单位体积用水量来表示混凝土配合比设计的步骤 ? Ⅰ初步计算配合比

? Ⅱ 基准配合比 (调整坍落度)

? Ⅲ 实验室配合比 (校核强度、耐久性) ? Ⅳ 施工配合比 (扣减工地砂石含水量) 二、初步计算配合比 ? 计算步骤：

? 第一步：确定配制混凝土强度 ? 第二步：确定水灰比 ? 第三步：确定用水量 ? 第四步：确定水泥用量 ? 第五步：确定砂率 ? 第六步：确定砂石用量第一步：混凝土配制强度的确定 ? 依据公式： fcu.＝ fcu.k + 1.645σ ? 式中： fcu.——混凝土配制强度（MPa） fcu.k——设计要求的混凝土强度等级； σ——混凝土强度标准差（MPa）。 ? σ的确定：

A、施工单位有强度历史资料时，依公式计算； B、施工单位无强度历史资料时，查表5-15取用。

第二步: 初步确定水灰比（W/C） ? 依混凝土强度公式：

fcu,=Afc(C/W-B) W/C=Afc/(fcu,+ABfc) fc —水泥实际强度,如无法取得实际强度可按 fc =Kc* fcb=1.13 fcb(水泥标号)计算 A,B —经验系数,如:啐石A=0.46,B=0.52

hank you very much. ----The Constitution Party rules address the series really is a qualified party members earlier this year, all party members to the Central \nd address of the party Constitution, be qualified party members\n education is an important decision. XI Jinping, Secretary General chaired a Politburo meeting in February, were devoted to educational programmes and made an important speech recently personally approved specific programmes, many important instructions. On April 6, 13th, 15th, the Central and autonomous regional party Committee, the municipal party Committee held educational symposium, and related matters For specific deployment, we held on March 4, Hongshan district party working Conference also proposed to carry out this activity. All together this forum today, main purpose is to study and implement in depth General Secretary XI Jinping on \ng education, studying and implementing theCentral and autonomous region Party Committee and municipal party Committee \ducation Symposium, arrangements for district-wide learning education. The following, I would like to stress four points, mainly talk about \ning\ng\ople really figure out why, what to learn and how they learn, what to do, how to do it, eventually reached little success, is also leading a lesson in party lecture. After both leaders and the cadres, regardless of Branch Secretary or an ordinary party member, to implement certain boundaries education \ive a Party lecture\practice speaking, speak much fanfare, innovation way, down to Earth, ensuring educational success. First, you know, pay special attention to education and to resolutely overcome sluggish thinking, and boredom \ducation, possibly quite a few comrades, saying \ost every year\hat with this in mind who may be many. If carrying this idea in mind, what does that tell, how the political consciousness is not strong and not see the pulse of the situation, no, the \Winkle\confused in the end do not know what's going on. To realize \ning practice activities and education is the education of the party's mass line, \e-three\cial education was another important practice in implementing the requirements of strictly administering the party. Comrade XI Jinping pointed out: \deployment of ' doing ' education, is to promote the inner-party education from ' critical few ' their expansion into the vast number of party members, extending from the concentrated education to regular education. \handle party, strictly administering the party, and has carried out the party's mass line education practice and\e-three \cial education, but focus on the leading cadres above the county level. The \nd education, is carried out in thewhole party and all the party members. This is implemented strictly administering the party, an important measure toXiaoping theory and the important thought of the three represents and the scientific Outlook on development. Such changes were made, is conducive to implementing the innovation of Marxism in China, especially the scientific concept of development the strategic task of arming the whole party, play grass-roots organizations in promoting the scientific Outlook on development into the grass-roots level, and to implement the important role. Third, how to use the contents of the new Constitution guiding party building through studying the essence of the new Constitution, the flexible application of the essence of the Constitution in party building, and I think the key to grasping the following: to catch the discipline, focus on strengthening the party's rules and regulations binding. To strictly observe and carry out the party's political discipline, ensure the centralism and unity of the whole party. Party cadres, especially leading cadres, both doers, but also have a strong sense of political awareness to dry line, line, not lack of ability to work, become a talker; hard work isSkill, political direction, unable to understand when confused. Flag of the CPC Central Committee and the Committee's requirements into Department's request, to a holistiand concerted efforts, subject to the overall situation. Second, cadres and strive to play an exemplary role of party members and cadres of hardworking and clean, emphasizes lead, shift, led. Lead is to adhere to set an example, to lead by example, deal with the relationship between individuals and parties, real lead role shift is in order to strengthen the sense of responsibility, creating a fighting force; lead is to adhere to strict requirements, strict management and strict supervision. Three catch basis and strive to enhance the combat effectiveness of the party organization. To according to Constitution on grass-roots party of requirements, to implementation good basic system, for members for, regardless of party positions has more high, administrativterms has more big, any when are to has Organization concept, active participate in organization activities, consciously accept party of supervision; to do based sex work, management good members, service good members, grass-roots party to using members organization received turned, and members thought reported, and party of Conference and dues pay, opportunities, master members of basic situation, care members life. Four to focus and work hard to resolve. Comrades, the above is what I give you guidance in the new Constitution. Hope every Member of the party to pass the tutor, deepen our understanding of the Constitution in the party's guiding ideology advancing with the times, consciously link their own thinking and practice, after careful study, read and carefully understand, think, relate, apply what they have learned. Not only runs through the mass line of the party Constituton to learn the new educational practice all the time, but also to harvest as a good starting point to learn, study and work to do better in the future, and strive to create a new situation for school education contribute their 卵石A=0.48,B=0.61 耐久性校核：

上式水灰比还不得大于表5－11中规定的最大水灰比值,否则结果两者取最小值。

第三步: 选取1M3混凝土的用水量

根据所用粗骨料的种类、最大粒径及施工所要求的坍落度值，查表5－16，选取1 M3混凝土的用水量。

第四步: 计算1M3混凝土的水泥用量

? 计算——根据确定的水灰比（W/C）和选用的单位用水量（W）， ? 可计算出水泥用量（C0）: C0 =W/(W/C)

? 校核——为保证混凝土的耐久性，由上式计算得出的水泥用量还应满足表5－11规定的最小水泥用量的要求;当计算的水泥用量小于最小水泥用量时,取两者最大值。第五步: 选取合理砂率值 ? 方法：

? Ⅰ、依据填充理论和砂石状态参数，计算砂率；

? Ⅱ、根据混凝土拌和物的和易性，通过试验求出合理砂率——坍落度最大的最小砂率；

? Ⅲ、如无试验资料，可根据骨料品种、规格和水灰比，按表5－17选用。第六步: 计算砂、石的用量S,G ? A 质量法：

? 若原材料情况比较稳定，所配制的混凝土拌和物的表观密度将接近一个固定值。

? B 体积法：

? 假定混凝土拌和物的体积等于各组成材料绝对体积和混凝土拌和物中所含空气体积之总和。体积法

? 假定混凝土拌和物的体积等于各组成材料绝对体积和混凝土拌和物中所含空气体积之总和，可列出下式：

? C/ Ρc+ W/ ρw+S/ ρs’+G/ ρg+10αL=1000L

? 式中: Ρc─水泥密度,可取2900～3100 （kg/m3）；

ρg─粗骨料的表观密度（ kg/m3 ）； ρs─细骨料的表观密度（ kg/m3 ）； ρw─水的密度,可取1000 （ kg/m3 ）； α─混凝土的含气量百分数，在不使用引气型外加剂时，又可

取1.联立两式即可求出mgo、mso。配合比的试配、调整

以上求出的各材料用量，是借助于一些经验公式和数据计算出来的，或是利用经验资料查得的，因而不一定能够完全符合具体的工程实际情况，必须通过试拌调整，直到混凝土拌和物的和易性符合要求为止，然后提出供检验强度用的基准配合比。

二.基准配合比—和易性的调整

? 按估计的初步配合比,称取15—30L混凝土拌和物进行试拌,检验混凝土

hank you very much. ----The Constitution Party rules address the series really is a qualified party members earlier this year, all party members to the Central \nd address of the party Constitution, be qualified party members\n education is an important decision. XI Jinping, Secretary General chaired a Politburo meeting in February, were devoted to educational programmes and made an important speech recently personally approved specific programmes, many important instructions. On April 6, 13th, 15th, the Central and autonomous regional party Committee, the municipal party Committee held educational symposium, and related matters For specific deployment, we held on March 4, Hongshan district party working Conference also proposed to carry out this activity. All together this forum today, main purpose is to study and implement in depth General Secretary XI nping on \ng education, studying and implementing theCentral and autonomous region Party Committee and municipal party Committee \ducation Symposium, arrangements for district-wide learning education. The following, I would like to stress four points, mainly talk about \ning\ng\ople really figure out why, what to learn and how they learn, what to do, how to do it, eventually reached little success, is also leading a lesson in party lecture. After both leaders and the cadres, regardless of Branch Secretary or an ordinary party member, to implement certain boundaries education \ive a Party lecture\practice speaking, speak much fanfare, innovation way, down to Earth, ensuring educational success. First, you know, pay special attention to education and to resolutely overcome sluggish thinking, and boredom \ducation, possibly quite a few comrades, saying \ost every year\hat with this in mind who may be many. If carrying this idea in mind, what does that tell, how the political consciousness is not strong and not see the pulse of the situation, no, the \Winkle\confused in the end do not know what's going on. To realize \ning practice activities and education is the education of the party's mass line, \e-three\cial education was another important practice in implementing the requirements of strictly administering the party. Comrade XI Jinping pointed out: \deployment of ' doing ' education, is to promote the inner-party education from ' critical few ' their expansion into the vast number of party members, extending from the concentrated education to regular education. \handle party, strictly administering the party, and has carried out the party's mass line education practice and\e-three \cial education, but focus on the leading cadres above the county level. The \nd education, is carried out in thewhole party and all the party members. This is implemented strictly administering the party, an important measure toXiaoping theory and the important thought of the three represents and the scientific Outlook on development. Such changes were made, is conducive to implementing the innovation of Marxism in China, especially the scientific concept of development the strategic task of arming the whole party, play grass-roots organizations in promoting the scientific Outlook on development into the grass-roots level, and to implement the important role. Third, how to use the contents of the new Constitution guiding party building through studying the essence of the new Constitution, the flexible application of the essence of the Constitution in party building, and I think the key to grasping the following: to catch the discipline, focus on strengthening the party's rules and regulations binding. To strictly observe and carry out the party's political discipline, ensure the centralism and unity of the whole party. Party cadres, especially leading cadres, both doers, but also have a strong sense of political awareness to dry line, line, not lack of ability to work, become a talker; hard work isSkill, political direction, unable to understand when confused. Flag of the CPC Central Committee and the Committee's requirements into Department's request, to a holistic and concerted efforts, subject to the overall situation. Second, cadres and strive to play an exemplary role of party members and cadres of hardworking and clean, emphasizes lead, shift, led. Lead is to adhere to set an example, to lead by example, deal with the relationship between individuals and parties, real lead role shift is in order to strengthen the sense of responsibility, creating a fighting force; lead is to adhere to strict requirements, strict management and strict supervision. Three catch basis and strive to enhance the combat effectiveness of the party organization. To according to Constitution on grass-roots party of requirements, to implementation good basic system, for members for, regardless of party positions has more high, administrativterms has more big, any when are to has Organization concept, active participate in organization activities, consciously accept party of supervision; to do based sex work, management good members, service good members, grass-roots party to using members organization received turned, and members thought reported, and party of Conference and dues pay, opportunities, master members of basic situation, care members life. Four to focus and work hard to resolve. Comrades, the above is what I give you guidance in the new Constitution. Hope every Member of the party to pass the tutor, deepen our understanding of the Constitution in the party's guiding ideology advancing with the times, consciously link their own thinking and practice, after careful study, read and carefully understand, think, relate, apply what they have learned. Not only runs through the mass line of the party Constitution to learn the new educational practice all the time, but also to harvest as a good starting point to learn, study and work to do better in the future, and strive to create a new situation for school education contribute their拌和物的和易性.当流动性大于要求值时,可保持砂率不变,适当增加砂,石用量;若流动性小于要求值,可保持水灰比不变,适当增加水和水泥用量;若黏聚性和保水性差,可适当增加砂率. 三、实验室配合比—强度校验

? 采用三个不同的配合比，其一为基准配合比，另外两个配合比的W/C较基准配合比分别增加或减少0.05。

? 每种配合比至少制作一组（三块）试件，标准养护到28d时进行强度（活耐久性）测试。

? 由试验得出的各灰水比及其对应的混凝土的强度（和耐久性）关系，用作图法或计算法求出与混凝土配制强度（fcu,）相对应的灰水比,并确定出设计配合比。实验室配合比的确定

? 用水量（W）──取基准配合比中的用水量，并根据制作强度试件时测得的坍落度或维勃稠度，进行适当的调整；

? 水泥用量（C）──以用水量乘以选定出的灰水比计算确定；

? 粗、细骨料用量（S,G）──取基准配合比中的粗、细骨料用量，并按选定的灰水比进行适当的调整。四.换算施工配合比

? 经测定工地上砂的含水率为Ws,石自含水率Wg,则施工配合比为: ? 水泥用量与实验室配合比相同为C’ ? 砂用量S’ S’=S(1+Ws) ? 石子用量G’ G’=G(1+Wg)

? 用水量W’ W’ =W-S*Ws-G*Wg