Ⅰ.单词拼写
1. The stone rolled down the mountain by gravity (重力).
2. The two continents were connected by a mass (块) of land at one time. 3. The_rainfall (降水量) averages 36 inches a year.
4. The radioactive (放射性的) waste should be buried deeply under the ground in sealed box.
5. When you left our space, you weren't in a fit state (状态). 6. They signed a treaty (条约) to settle all the border disputes. 7. Rivalry (竞争) with other schools is encouraged. Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1. explorern. 探险者→explorev. 探险；勘探→explorationn. 探险；勘探 2. annualadj.每年的→annuallyadv.一年一度地
3. depthn. 深度→deepadj.&adv.深的；深深地→deeplyadv.强烈地；深刻地→deepenv. 加深；深化
4. inhospitableadj.荒凉的，不适宜居住的；不好客的→hospitableadj.好客的→hospitalityn. 好客；殷勤招待
5. extremeadj. &n. 极端(的)，极度(的)→extremelyadv.极端地，极其；非常 6. balancev. 使平衡→balancedadj.平衡的
7. commercialadj.商业的→commercen. [U]商业，贸易，交易 8. promotevt.促进，增进→promotionn. 晋级； 增进 [巧记单词]
词根 hospitable promote commerce
词形变化 inhospitable promotion commercial 构词点拨 in-加形容词构成具有否定意义的形容词 动词去e加-(t)ion构成名词 去e加-ial构成形容词
Ⅲ.补全短语
1. close to 靠近；接近；几乎 2._on_average 平均 3. adapt_to(使)适应 4. be made up of由……组成 5. in the form of以……的形式 6. stand out引人注目；突出；显眼 7. set foot on进入，到达；踏上 8. in particular 尤其
9. in a(n) ...state 处于……状态 10. keep ...free_from ... 使……免受……
1. [教材原句]With annual rainfall close to zero, Antarctica is technically a desert. 南极洲降雨量几乎为零，严格说来该区域就是一片荒漠。 [句型点拨]with复合结构。
[佳句赏析]因为没有东西长在这片地上，它最终成了一片沙漠。 With nothing growing on the land, it finally became a desert.
2. [教材原句]A high mountain range, the Trans-Antarctica range, runs from east to west, cutting the continent in two.
一座高耸的山脉横穿南极洲，从东到西将南极洲分为两半。 [句型点拨]现在分词短语作结果状语。
[佳句赏析]他们的车遇上交通堵塞，因而耽误了。 Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.
3. [教材原句]Not until the late 18th century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctica Circle, but he never saw land.
直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯·库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却从未发现任何陆地。 [句型点拨]not until置于句首引起的部分倒装。
[佳句赏析]直到他女儿给他打电话，史密斯先生才相信那个消息是真的。 Not until his daughter called him did Mr Smith believe that the news was true.
1. With annual rainfall close to zero, Antarctica is technically a desert.(P2) 南极洲降雨量几乎为零，严格说来该区域就是一片荒漠。
★With annual rainfall close to zero是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，在句中作状语。with 复合结构常见的形式有：
①The boy always sleeps with his head on the arm. 这个男孩总是头枕着胳膊睡觉。
②With so many people talking_and_laughing,_I couldn't settle down to my work. 有那么多人又说又笑，我无法静下心来工作。 ③With_all_my_work_finished,_I went out to play. 所有的工作都做完了，我就出去玩了。
2. Antarctica holds 90% of the world's ice, and most of its fresh water (70%) is in a frozen state, of course.(P2)
南极洲拥有世界90%的冰，当然其大部分淡水(70%)都处于一种冰冻状态。 ★state n. 状态；状况；国家；州 vt.规定；声明；陈述 写出下列句中state的含义
①Railways in China belong to the state. 国家 ②He stated that he had never seen that man.声明 in a(n) ...state 处于……状态 return to normal state 恢复到正常状态
③The old house is in_a_bad_state now and needs repairing. 这座老房子现在状况不好，需要修缮。
④After three hours' hard work, the electricity supply eventually returned_to_normal_state. 在三个小时的努力工作后，电能供应最后恢复了正常。
3. Yet Antarctica is full of wildlife, which has adapted to its extreme conditions.(P2) 但南极洲仍然栖息着很多野生生物，它们已经适应了那里极其恶劣的条件。 ★adapt to (使)适应；改编；改写
①Our bodies adapt to everything we do to them.
我们的身体适应我们对它做的所有事情。 adapt oneself to 使自己适应 adapt ...from ... 从……改编成…… adapt ...for ... 把……改编成……
②She couldn't_adapt_herself_to_the environment of the company. 她无法使自己适应公司的环境。
③Last Saturday, I watched the newly-released film adapted_from a novel written by Mo Yan. 上星期六，我观看了根据莫言的一部小说改编的新发布的电影。 [名师点津] adopt与adapt形似，但adopt意为“采纳，采用；收养”。
4. Gases and minerals, in the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice, can tell us a lot about what the world's climate was like in past ages. (P2)
以火山灰形式封冻进冰层里的气体和矿物质可以告诉我们很多关于远古时期全球气候的状况。
★trap v. 储存，留存；使陷入困境；诱骗 n. 陷阱；诡计 ①Please put on the woolen sweater, which can trap your body heat. 请穿上这件羊毛衫，它能保持你的体温。 (1)trap sb. into (doing) sth. 诱使某人(做)某事 be/get trapped in 被困于…… (2)set/lay a trap 设下圈套
fall into the trap of doing sth. 掉进陷阱做某事 be caught in a trap 落入圈套
②The police set_a_trap to catch the thieves. 警察设了个圈套来抓小偷。
③In case of failure, they will be_trapped_in danger. 万一失败，他们将陷入危险之中。
5. But more than two thousand years ago Greek geographers believed that there was a large land mass in the south which balanced the land in the north.(P3)
但是两千多年以前，古希腊的地理学家就认为地球的南边存在一大块陆地与北边的陆地保持平衡。
★mass n. [C]团，堆，块；大量，众多 adj.大量的，大规模的
①Scientists have tried many ways to solve this problem and in China, a mass campaign has been started to help solve it.
科学家尝试过许多方法解决这个问题，在中国，发动了大规模的运动来帮助解决它。 ②Then it cooled and turned into a solid mass.
然后它冷却下来，变成一团固体。 a mass of/masses of 大量的 the masses 群众；大众
③On his desk is_a_mass_of books and papers. 在他书桌上有大量的书和文件。
④Divided from the_masses,_ you are sure to fail. 脱离群众，你肯定要失败。
★balance v. 使平衡；权衡 n. 平衡；余额；天平，秤
⑤The government has to find some ways to balance these two needs. 政府得找到某些方法来平衡这两种需求。
⑥You have to balance the advantages of living in a big city against the disadvantages. 你必须权衡住在大城市的利与弊。
(1)balance sth. with sth. 使……和……平衡 (2)keep one's balance保持平衡 lose one's balance 失去平衡 (3)balanced adj. 平衡的；均衡的
⑦She was holding onto the rail to keep_her_balance. 她抓着栏杆来保持平衡。
⑧Keep a balanced diet and you will become stronger. 保持均衡饮食，你就会变得更强壮。
6. Not until the late 18th century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctica Circle, but he never saw land.(P3)
直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯·库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却从未发现任何陆地。 ★该句是一个倒装句，正常语序为：The British explorer James Cook didn't cross the Antarctic Circle until the late 18th century, but he never saw land.
①Not until 4 o'clock in the afternoon will the plane take off. 直到下午四点飞机才起飞。
(1)在not ...until ...句型中，当not until引导的时间状语(从句)置于句首时，句子主句须用部分倒装，即将助动词/系动词/情态动词放在主语之前。
(2)类似用法的词或短语还有：not, little, hardly, never, at no time, by no means, under no condition, in no case, nowhere, seldom, few等表示否定意义的词。
②Not until the exam was coming _did_I_realize how much time I had wasted. 直到考试临近，我才意识到我已经浪费了很多时间。 ③Never have_I_heard a better voice than Frank's.
2017-2018学年高中英语外研版选修八教学案：Module 1
