2017年12月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案(完整版 第3
套)
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write on essay commenting on the saying \,f You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
说明：由于2017年12月六级考试全国共考了 2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完 全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to
select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage? Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresp on ding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Many European countries have been making the shift to electric vehicles and Germany has just stated that they plan to ban the sale of vehicles using gasoline and diesel as fuel by 2030. The coun try is also planning to reduce its carb on footprint by 80-95% by 2050, 26 a shift to green energy in the country. Effectively, the ban will in elude the regist ration of new cars in the country as they will not allow any gasoline 27 vehicle to be registered after 2030.
Part of the reason this ban is being discussed and 28 is because energy officials see that they will not reach their emissions goals by 2050 if they do not 29 a large portion of vehicle emissions. The country is still 30 that it will meet its emissions goals, like reducing emissions by 40% by 2020, but the 31 of electric cars in the country has not occurred as fast as ejected.
Other efforts to in crease the use of electric vehicles in elude plans to build over 1
million hybrid and electric car battery changing stations across the country. By 2030, Germany plans on having over 6 million charging stations 32 . According to the In ter national Business Times, electric car sales are expected to increase as Volkswagen is still recovering from its emissions seandal.
There are 33 around 155,000 registered hybrid and electric vehicles on German roads, dwarfed by the 45 million gasoline and diesel cars driving there now. As countries continue setting goals of reducing emissions, greater steps need to be taken to have a 34 effect on the surrounding environment. While the efforts are certainly not 35 , the results of such bans will likely only start to be seen by generations down the line, bettering the world for the future.
A) acceptanee B) currently C) disrupting D) eliminate E) exhaust F) futile G) hopeful H) implemented I) incidentally J) installed K) noticeable L) powered M) restoration N) skeptical O) sparking
Section B
Directions: In this sectior\\ you are going to read a passage with ten statements
attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Apple's Stance Highlights a More Confrontational Tech Industry
[A] The battle between Apple and law enforcement officials over unlocking a terrorist's smartphone is the culmination of a slow turning of the tables between the technology industry and the United States government?
[B] After revelati ons by the former Nati onal Security Agency con tractor Edward J. Snowden in 2013 that the government both cozied up to (讨好)certain tech companies and hacked into others to gain access to private data on an enormous scale, tech giants began to recognize the United States government as a hostile actor? But if the confrontation has crystallized in this latest battle, it may already be heading toward a predictable conclusion: In the long run, the tech companies are destined to emerge victorious.
[C] It may not seem that way at the moment. On the one side, you have the United States government's mighty legal and security apparatus fighting for data of the most sympathetic sort: the secrets buried in a dead mass murderers phone. The action steins from a federal court order issued on Tuesday requiring Apple to help the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to unlock on iPhone used by one of the two attackers who killed 14 people in San Bernardino, California, in December.
[D] In the other corner is the world's most valuable compan* whose chief executive, Timothy Cook, has said he will appeal the court's order. Apple argues that it is fighting to preserve a principle that most of us who are addicted to our smartphones can defend: Weaken a single iPhone so that its contents can be viewed by the American government and you risk weakening all iPhones for any gover nment in truder, any where.
[E] There will probably be mon ths of legal confrontati on, and it is not at all clear which side will prevail in court, nor in the battle for public opinion and legislative favor.
Yet underlying all of this is a simple dynamic: Apple, Google, Facebook and other companies hold most of the cards in this confrontation. They have our data, and their businesses depend on the global publicfs collective belief that they will do everything they con to protect that data.
[F] Any crack in that front could be fatal for tech companies that must operate worldwide. If Apple is forced to open up an iPhone for an American law enforce me nt investigation, what is to preve nt it from doing so for a request from the Russia ns or the Ira nians? If Apple is for ced to write code that lets the FBI get into the Phone 5c used by Syed Rizwan Farook, the male attacker in the San Bernardino attack, who would be responsible if some hacker got hold of that code and broke into its other devices?
[G] Apple's stance on these issues emerged post-Snowden, when the company started putting in place a series of technologies that, by default, make use of en crypti on （加
密）to limit access to people's data ? More tha n that, Apple—a nd, in different ways,
other tech companies, including Google, Facebook, Twitter and Microsoft—have made their opposition to the government's claims a point of corporate pride?
[H] Apple's emerging global brand is privacy; it has staked its corporate reputati on, not to men tion the in vestment of considerable tech nical and financial resources, on limiting the sort of mass surveillance that was uncovered by Mr. Snowden. So now, for many cases involving governmental intrusions into data, once-lonely privacy advocates find themselves fighting alongside the most powerful company in the world. [I] UA comparison point is in the 1990s battles over encryption/ said Kurt Opsahl, general counsel of the Electronic Frontier Foundatior\\ a privacy watchdog group. nThen you had a few companies involved, but not one of the largest compa nies in the world comi ng out with a lengthy and impassi oned post, like we saw yesterday from Timothy Cook. Its profile has really been raised.H
[J] Apple and oilier tech companies hold another ace: the technical means to keep making their devices more and more inaccessible. Note that Apple's public opposition to the governmerit's request is itself a hindrance to mass government intrusion. And to get at the contents of a single iPhone, the government says it needs a court order and Apple's help to write new code; in earlier versions of the iPhone, ones that were created before Apple found religion on （热衷于）privacy, the FBI might have been able to break into the device by itself.
[K] You can expect that noose （束缚）to continue to tighten? Experts said that whether or not Apple loses this specific case, measures that it could put into place in the future will almost certainly be able to further limit the government's reach. [L] That is not to say that the outcome of the San Bernardino case is insignificant. As apple and several security experts have argued, an order compelling Apple to write software that gives the FBI access to the iPhone in questi on would establish an unsettli ng precede nt. The order esse ntially asks Apple to hack its own devices, and once it is in place, the pr ecede nt could be used to justify law enforcement efforts to get around encryption technologies in other investigations far removed from national security threats.
[M] Once aimed with a method for gaining access to iPhones, the government could
ask to use it proactively （先发制人地），before a suspected terrorist attack—leaving Apple in a bind as to whether to comply or risk an attack and suffer a public-relations nightmare. HThis is a brand new move in the war against encryptioMr. Opsahl said.
H
We have had plenty of debates in
Congress and the media over whether the government should have a backdoor, and this is an end run （迂回战术）around that—here they come with an order to create that backdoor.\
[N] Yet it is worth noting that even if Apple ultimately loses this case, it has plenty of tech nical means to close a backdoor over time. HIf they are any where near worth their salt as engineeI bet they are rethinking their threat model as we speak,n said Jonathan Zdziarski, a digital expert who studies the iPhone and its vulnerabilities. [O] One relatively simple fix, Mr. Zdziarski said, would be for Apple to modify future versions of the iPhone to require a user to enter a passcode before the phone will accept the sort of modified operating system that the FBI wants Apple to create. That way, Apple could not unilaterally introduce a code that weakens the iPhone—a user would have to consent to it.
[P] \the judge's order in this case required Apple to provide \assistance'1 to unlock Mr. Farook's phone. If Apple alters the security model of future iPh ones so that even its own en gineers* Hreas on able assistance11 will not be able to crack a given device when compelled by the government, a precedent set in this case might lose its lasting force. In other words, even if the FBI wins this case, in the long runz it loses.
36. It is a popular belief that tech companies are committed to protecting their customers* private data.
37. The US government believes that its access to people's iPhones could be used to prevent terrorist attacks.
38. A federal court asked Apple to help the FBI access data in a terrorist's iPhone. 39. Privacy advocates now have Apple fighting alongside them against government access to personal data.
40. Snowden revealed that the American government had tried hard to access private data on a massive scale.
41. The FBI might have been able to access private data in earlier iPhones without Apple's help?
42. After the Snowden incident, Apple made clear its position to counter government intrusion into personal data by means of encryption.
43. According to one digital expert, no iPhone can be entirely free from hacking. 44. Timothy Cook's long web post has helped enhance Apple's image.
45. Apple's CEO has decided to appeal the federal court's order to unlock a user!s iPhone.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some
questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A）, B）, C） and D）. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresp on
ding letter on An swer Sheet 2 with a single line through the cen tre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
At the base of a moun tain in Tanzania's Gregory Rift, Lake Natr on bur ns bright red, surrotinded by the remains of animals that were unfortunate enough to fall into the salty water. Bats, swallows and more are chemically preserved in the pose in which they perished, sealed in the deposits of sodium carb on ate in the water. The lake's Ion dscape is bizarre and deadly—a nd made eve n more so by the fact that it's the place where nearly 75 percent of the world's flamingos （火 烈鸟）are born.
The water is so corrosive that it can bum the skin and eyes of unadapted animals. Flamingos『 however, are the only species that actually makes life in the midst of all that death. Once every three or four years, when conditions are right, the lake is covered with the pink birds as they stop flight to breed.
Three?quarters of the world's flamingos fly over from other salt lakes in the Rift Valley and nest on salt-crystal islands that appear when the water is at a specific level—too high and the birds can't build their nests, too low and predators can move briskly across the lake bed and attack. When the water hits the right level, the baby birds are kept safe from predators by a corrosive ditch.
\water,\? ,fHumans carmot, and would die if their legs were exposed for any length of time.1' So far this year, water levels have been too high for the flamingos to nest. Some fish, too, have had limited success vacationing at the lake as less salty lagoons （泻 1胡）form on the outer edges from hot springs flowing into Lake Natron. Three species of tilapia （罗
鱼）thrive there part-time. \
Iagoons when the lake is low and the Iagoons are separate,H Harper said. \Iagoons join when the lake is high and fish must retreat to their stream refuges or die.1' Otherwise, no fish are able to survive in the naturally toxic lake.
This unique ecosystem may soon be under pressure. The Tanzanian government has once again started mining the lake for soda ash, used for making chemicals, glass and detergents. Although the planned operation will be located more than 40 miles away, drawing the soda ash in through pipelines, conservationists worry it could still upset the natural water cycle and breeding grounds. For now, though, life prevails—even in a lake that kills almost everything it touches. 46. What can we learn about Lake Natron? A) It is simply uninhabitable for most animals. B) It remains little known to the outside world. C) It is a breeding ground for a variety of birds. D) It makes an ideal habitat for lots of predators.
47. Flamingos nest only when the lake water is at a specific level so that their babies can .
A) find safe shelter more easily B) grow thick feathers on their feet
2017年12月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案(完整版第3套).doc
