专升本英语语法教案---真题版

A. Hard as he worked B. As he worked hard C. As hard he worked D. Hard as did he work

⑷_____ , water resources have been severely wasted or polluted. (2009) A. They are scarce B. Scarce they are C. Scarce as they are D. As scarce they are

⑸Smart____ he is, he can’t find the answer to the question. (2004) A. like B. as C. that D. how

强 调 句

一、句型：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子剩余部分

注：强调人时用who/that，强调物时用that.

例：⑴It was him that/who we met at the school gate. 被强调部分

⑵It was in the park that Tom lost has watch. 被强调部分

二、强调句的It与形式主语It的区别：

☆判断标准：将It is/was…that/who去掉，如果剩下的可组成一个完整句子，就

是强调句，否则不是。

例1：It is there that accidents often happen. (强调句) →Accidents often happen there.

It is clear that not all boys like football. →Clear not all boys like football. (ⅹ)

只去掉it →That not all boys like football is clear. (主语从句)

例2：⑴_____that the trade between the two countries reached its highest point. A. During the 1960’s B. It was in the 1960’s (2010)

C. That it was in the 1960’s D. It was the 1960’s

⑵I made this myself but it was_____ who taught me. (2012) A. he B. him C. himself D. by him

⑶It was in Johnson’s hotel _____the business meeting was held last year.

A. this B. that C. what D. which (2013) ⑷It was in the factory_____ you worked five years ago____ you learned the

technique. (2012) A. that; where B. where; when C. where; where D. where; that 注：not…until… 句型的强调句

句式为：It is/was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他 例1：he didn’t leave until I came back.

变强调句→It was not until I came back that he left. 变倒装句→Not until I came back did he leave.

例2：It was not until she had arrived home _____ she remembered her

appointment with the doctor. (2008) A. when B. that C. and D. where

二、强调谓语动词 + 助动词do, did或does, 译为“的确，一定…”

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例：⑴He wrote to you last week.

→He did write to you last week. ⑵Come this evening. →Do come this evening.

状 语 从 句

连词的位置：连词+句子，句子。 句子+连词+句子。 一、时间状语从句

1. when + 长动作/短动作 while + 长动作

as：表示两个动作的同时性，译为“随着…”“一边…一边…” 例：⑴When John arrived, I was cooking lunch.

⑵As time goes on, it’s getting warmer and warmer.

⑶When/While/As I was waiting at the bus stop, I came across her.

注：1.当从句用延续性动词，主句用短暂性动词时，when, while, as可互换，都

译为“当…时候”。

2. while作为并列连词时，译为“然而”，表对比。 例1：He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music.

例2：The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, ____ the

quality of it is probably one of the highest. (2012)

A. since B. when C. as D. while

2. as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, once…(可用主将从现)以及hardly / scarcely / rarely… (had done) when… (did) no sooner…(had done) than…(did), 以上连词都译为“一…就…” 例1：I’ll go with you as soon as I finish my work. (finish) 例2：⑴I’d like to see him in my office_____ he arrives. (2012)

A. for the moment B. the moment C. in a moment D. at any moment ⑵He had no sooner finished his speech_____ he withdrew. (2004) A. than B. that C. when D. an 3. 长动作 + until/till… “直到…”

短动作（与not连用）+ until/till… “直到…才…” 例：⑴You may stay here until/till the rain stops. ⑵He won’t go to bed until/till she returns. ⑶Until you told me I had no idea of it. 注：till不可放句首，until可以。

4. every time/each time(每次), next time(下次), the last time(上次)可引导时间状语从句。

例：⑴Every time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out. ⑵The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed.

例：John puts up his hand_____ the teacher asks a question. (2006) A. every time B. in time C. some time D. at times

二、地点状语从句

由where / wherever引导，从句可放在主句之前或之后。

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表抽象含义时，从句放在主句之前。

例1：⑴We should go where the Party needs us most. ⑵Where there is a will, there is a way. 例2：After the earthquake, a new school building was put_____ there had once been a

theatre. (2013) A. that B. where C. which D. when

三、原因状语从句

1. because → since/now that → as → for ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣

⑴译为“因为” ⑴译为“既然” ⑴译为“由于” ⑴译为“因为” ⑵对方不知道的原因 ⑵双方都知道的原因 ⑵双方都知道的原因⑵表推测的原因 ⑶可用于回答why ⑶位于句首 ⑶位于句首/句中 ⑶位于句中 ⑷位于句中或单独存在

例：⑴I was absent from the meeting because I was ill. ⑵As it is raining, we shall not go to the park. ⑶Now that/Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting.

⑷It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning. 2.seeing that, considering that, given that也可表原因，译为“考虑到，由于”

四、目的状语从句

1. in order that与so that 译为“以便…”“为了…” (句首，句中) (句中)

引导的从句用情态动词，如：can, could, may, might, will, would…

2. for fear that(担心…) 与in case (that) (以防…)可引导目的状语从句。 例：⑴_____we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak(山顶) early. A. So that B. In order that C. For D. To

⑵My parents always keep candles in the house_____ there is a power outage. A. if B. unless C. in case D. so that

⑶He was asked to speak louder_____ all the students in the classroom could

hear him. (2001) A. as B. so as to C. so that D. than 五、结果状语从句

1. so… that…与such… that… “如此…以至于…” So + adj./adv. + that从句

So + adj. + a/an + 单数可数n. + that从句

Such + adj. + 复数可数n./不可数n. + that从句 Such + a/an + adj. + 单数可数n. + that从句

例：Mike is such an honest person that we all believe in him. =Mike is so honest a person that we all believe in him. 2. so that也可引导结果状语从句，译为“结果…”

例：It was very cold, so that the river froze. (结果状语从句)

I’ll speak slowly so that you can understand me. (目的状语从句)

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六、条件状语从句

连词：if, unless, as long as(只要), in case(万一), on condition that(条件是), suppose/supposing (that)(假如), provided that=providing that(如果)

例：⑴You can only fly to London this evening_____ you don’t mind changing planes

in Paris. (2012) A. except B. provided C. although D. where

⑵Some companies might not let you rent a car _____you have a credit card. A. where B. since C. because D. unless (2013) ⑶----Our holiday cost a lot of money.

----Did it? Well, that doesn’t matter_____ you enjoyed yourselves. (2012) A. unless B. as far as C. as long as D. until

七、方式状语从句

连词：as(按照…), as if / as though(好像)

例：⑴When in Rome, do as the Romans do. (入乡随俗。) ⑵I love you as if you were my sister. (虚拟语气)

⑶It looks as if it’s going to rain. (可能是真的，不是虚拟语气)

八、让步状语从句

1. although / though (尽管，即使)，可与yet, still, nevertheless连用，但不能与but连用。

例1：Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football. 例2：⑴It was a nice meal, _____a little expensive. A. though B. whether C. as D. since

⑵Tired _____ he was, he still went on with his work. A. although B. though C. because D. so

注：as/though引导让步状从时可倒装，although不可以。 2. even though / even if (即使)

例：Even if I were busy, I would go. (虚拟语气) Even if it is raining, we’ll go there. (不虚拟) 3. wh – ever = no matter wh- 译为“无论…” whether…or… 译为“不管…还是…”

例1：Whatever (=No matter what) I say, he won’t believe me. (让步状从) He won’t believe whatever I say. (名从)

注：wh-ever可引导让步状从或名从，而no matter wh-只引导让步状从。 例2：Whether you believe it or not, it is true.

4. However / No matter how + adj./adv. + 主 + 谓 Whatever / No matter what + n. + 主 + 谓

例1：However hard he tried, she didn’t get the job. Whatever problems she met, she never gave up.

例2：⑴_____difficult the task may be, we will try our best to complete it in time.

A. No matter B. No wonder C. Though D. However (2013) ⑵He’ll never succeed in passing the CET-6,_____ hard he tries. (2009) A. however B. whatever C. despite D. though

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⑶We must begin testing this instrument, no matter_____ difficult it is. (2007) A. however B. how C. whatever D. what

反 义 疑 问 句

一、原则：前肯后否，前否后肯。

二、构成：陈述部分，情v. / 助v. / be + 主语人称代词 ？ 三、考点

1. 当陈述部分有seldom, hardly, scarcely, never, few, little, nothing, nobody等否定词时，疑问部分为肯定。

例：⑴You never told us his phone number, _____ ? (2008) A. hadn’t you B. didn’t you C. had you D. did you ⑵It is unfair, _____?

A. is it B. isn’t it C. is it not D. not is it

注：当陈述部分有“否定前缀”的词时，疑问部分用否定。常见的否定前缀有：dis-, un-, in-(变体为im-, il-, ir-)

2.当陈述部分有宾语从句时，疑问部分和主句保持一致。 例：He said that he would come to my birthday party, didn’t he ?

☆当陈述部分主句主语为第一人称+ think, believe, suppose, guess, expect, imagine时，疑问部分与从句保持一致。

例：I don’t think he will succeed, will he ?

3.当陈述部分含有must时： ⑴ must：“必须”，疑问部分用needn’t mustn’t：“禁止”，疑问部分用must / may ⑵must表推测时，译为“一定”，将句子改为I am sure + that从句，疑问部分与从句保持一致。

例1：You mustn’t smoke here, must/may you ? 例2：⑴You must be hungry now, aren’t you ? →I am sure that you are hungry now, aren’t you? ⑵You must have heard about it, haven’t you ? →I am sure that you have heard about it, haven’t you?

⑶You must have watched that football match last night, didn’t you ? →I am sure that you watched that football match last night, didn’t you?

4.祈使句的反义疑问句 结构：否定句，will you ? 肯定句，will you ? / won’t you? Let’s… , shall we ? Let us… , will you ? / won’t you? 例：⑴Open the door, will/won’t you ? ⑵Let’s go out for a walk, shall we ? ⑶Let us go home now, will/won’t you ?

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