专升本英语语法教案---真题版

The result is not the same as they had expected. 注：the same…as… 和 the same…that…的区别：

例：This is the same pen as I lost. (指同一类型的笔，但不是同一支) This is the same pen that I lost. (指同一支笔)

2.在非限定性定语从句中，as和which都可以代表前面一整句话的内容。

as引导的从句可位于主句前，主句中，主句后。但which引导的从句只能位于 主句后。

此外，as用于以下固定搭配：

as we know(正如我们所知) as is often the case(像通常那样) as has been said before(如上所述) as is reported(正如报道的那样) as is well known(众所周知) as was expected(正如预料的那样) as is known to everybody(众所周知)

例：⑴As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health. ⑵Smoking, as we know, is harmful to one’s health. ⑶Smoking is harmful to one’s health, as we know. ⑷She married him, which was natural.

九、其他要点（一）

1. one of + 复数名词 + 关系代词 + 动词复数

the only one of +复数名词 + 关系代词 + 动词单数 例：He is one of the boys who are handsome. (be) 先行词

He is the only one of the boys who is handsome. (be) 先行词

2.数词/代词 + of which/whom表示先行词的数量。 此类词有：all, none, both, neither, either, some, most… 例：⑴She has ten friends, ____ is a girl.

A. none of which B. none of whom C. who D. some of whom ⑵I have two pens, ____ writes well.

A. none of them B. none of which C. neither of which D. either of them 十、其他要点（二）

非地点意义的词，表“抽象地点”，如situation(局面), point(境界), case(事例), position(境地), stage(阶段), condition(条件), circumstance(境况)…意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”，关系词用where.

例：They have reached the point ____ they have to say goodbye to each other. A. that B. which C. where D. when

十一、其他要点（三）

插入语I think, I believe, I guess, I suppose, I imagine, in my opinion通常放在关系词与从句谓语动词之间。做题时，不考虑插入语。

例：He made another wonderful discovery,_____ of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is (2012) C. which I think it D. I think is

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十二、其他要点（四）

在先行词和关系词之间插入较短的成分，如时间状语，地点状语等时，从句叫做分割定语从句。对于这种题，找先行词是关键。 例：I was the only person in my office who was invited.

名 词 性 从 句（充当名词的句子）

一、定义：具有名词作用的句子，叫做名词性从句。 注：在名词性从句中，

若_____在句首，从_____开始往后找，第二个谓语动词之前为从句。 若_____在句中，从_____开始往后画，画完即为从句。

二、分类

1.主语从句：一个句子放在主语的位置。（句子作主语时，谓语动词用单数。） The book ╲

What I am reading ╱ is interesting. 2.宾语从句：一个句子放在宾语的位置。 a.作动词的宾语：

I don’t understand her words. The boy told me the reason. what she said. why she hurt me. b.作介词宾语：

My teacher was satisfied with what I did.

注：介词后面不能跟that引导的宾语从句，除了以下固定搭配： in that(在于), but that(除了), except that(除了) 例：We know nothing except that Joe is from America. I could say nothing but that I was sorry. ☆区别：

He offered me what I wanted. (名从) He offered me the book that/which/不填 I wanted. (定从) 3.表语从句：一个句子放在表语的位置。 The reason is a matter of money.

that I don’t have enough money. 4.同位语从句

The news that they won the match is true. (同位语从句) The news that you told us yesterday is true. (定从)

注：The news = they won the match 两者为同一事物，叫同位语。 ☆区分：

若_____前无名词，且句中无“，”为名词性从句。 若_____前有名词，有可能为定从或同位语从句。 当为同位语从句时，从句一定不缺成分，且前面的名词通常为抽象名词：news, fact, idea, thought, hope, order(命令), information, truth, belief, theory(理论), evidence/proof(证据), promise(承诺), faith(信念), conclusion(结论). 例：The idea that we invited her yesterday is quite good. (同位语从句)

The idea that you gave me is quite good. (定从) The idea is that we should invite her. (表从)

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注：1.tell/offer/bring/give sb 宾从

sb sth 定从/同位语从句 2.固定句型：I don’t think/imagine/believe/suppose…否定形式在主句，否定的

焦点却在从句，译为“我认为…不…”

3.固定句型：The reason (why… ) is that… “理由是…”

It/This/That is the reason why… “这就是的…原因” It/This/That is because… “这是因为…” It/This/That is why… “这就是…的原因” 例1：The reason was that he was ill. That was the reason why he fell ill. That was because he fell ill. That was why he fell ill.

例2：⑴The reason is _____ he is unable to operate the machine. (2013) A. because B. why C. that D. whether

⑵We must get there before 7 o’clock. That’s_____ we have to start so early. A. the reason that B. the reason for why (2012) C. why that D. why

考点一：引导词的选择

1. that在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用，无词意。（在宾语从句中才能省略。） 2. whether/if在从句中不作成分，但具有“是否”的含义。

区别：whether能引导所有的名词性从句，而且能和or not连用。 If只能引导宾语从句，而且不能和or not连用。 3. 特殊疑问词：

连接代词：what(物/主、宾) “…的事情/东西” who(人/主、表) whom(人/宾)“谁”

which(物/主、宾、定语) “哪一个、哪一些” 连接副词：when“什么时候” where“哪里，…的地方”

why“为什么” how“如何”

☆连接词的选择原则：

在名从中，若从句缺少成分，用连接代词，连接代词的选择看句意。 若从句不缺成分，用连接副词/whether/if/that,选择看句意。

（若句中没有疑问语气用that）

例：⑴_____ you ought to do is to see a doctor. (2007) A. How B. What C. Which D. That

⑵There can be no doubt_____ someone had visited the house before they arrived. (2007) A. why B. whether C. how D. that

⑶He kept silent, so I couldn’t know_____ he agreed____ not. (2012) A. if; or B. whether; or C. either; or D. neither; nor

⑷_____ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. (2008) A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if

注：1.当表示强调时，用who, whom, what, which, when, where, how + ever, 译为

“无论…”

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例：_____ has finished the work ahead of time will be rewarded though we don’t

know who it will be. (2013) A. Those who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. No matter who 2.which必须译为“哪一个，哪一些”：作从句的主语/宾语

放在名词前作定语，译为“哪个…” 例：⑴He asked me which I liked best among all these toys. ⑵Do you know which country is the largest in the world? ⑶Have you decided ____ cell phone you should buy, SAMSUNG or NOKIA? A. what B. which C. when D. that 3.名从中的插入语

例：I will make friends with ____ (I think) is honest. A. that B. whom C. who D. why

考点二：所有英语从句的语序都用陈述语序。

顺序为：连接词 + 主语 + 谓语动词 + 其他 例1：I don’t know what is his name. (ⅹ) I don’t know what his name is. (√)

例2：⑴I didn’t hear____ because there was too much noise where I was sitting.

A. what did he say B. what he said (2012) C. what was he saying D. what for him to say ⑵Do you know ____ with her?

A. what the matter is B. what is the matter C. how the matter is D. how is the matter

注：在宾从中，若从句为what is the matter或what is wrong, 语序仍然为疑问语

序。

考点三：it 作形式主语/形式宾语

1. That light travels in straight lines is known to all. ↓主语换it

It is known to all that light travels in straight lines. 形主 真主

2. I consider that you should improve your pronunciation(发音) necessary. ↓宾语换it 宾补 I consider it necessary that you should improve your pronunciation. 形宾 真宾 注：形式宾语常见的情况：

1. It is said / reported / believed that + 句子

2. It is clear / obvious / apparent / evident that + 句子 “…是显而易见的” ☆注：宾语从句的时态一致性：

1.若主句为现在时，从句根据需要选择。

2.若主句为过去时，从句必须使用过去的某种时态。 例1：I know what he does. I know what he did. I know what he will do.

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例2：I knew that he was lying.

虚 拟 语 气

一、在虚拟条件句中的运用

If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky. (虚拟，不能实现)

If it is fine next week, I’ll go traveling. (真实条件句，可能实现，使用主将从现) 从 句 主 句

对现在的虚拟： If + 主 + did/were 主 + would/should/could/might + do

(与现在事实相反)

对过去的虚拟： If + 主 + had done 主+would/should/could/might+ have done

(与过去事实相反)

对将来事实相反：If + 主 + did 主 + would/should/could/might + do (与将来事实相反) were to do should do

例：⑴If I ____ you, I ____ the chance to go abroad. A. were; would have seized B. were; would seize C. had been; would seized D. had been; were to seize

⑵If he had been in better health, he_____ more books. (2007)

A. can write B. could have written C. could write D. have written

⑶If they ____ several children in the future, they ____ a happy family. A. had; would have been B. had had; would have been C. had; would be D. have; would be

注：1.在虚拟条件句中可省略if,把从句中的were, should, had提到句首，变为倒

装句式。

例：_____ tomorrow, he would be able to see the opening ceremony. (2010) A. Would he come B. If he comes C. Was he coming D. Were he to come 但是，否定词not不可提前：

Weren’t it for the expense, I would go abroad now. (ⅹ) Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now. (√)

2. if = provided (that) = providing (that) = supposing (that) = suppose (that) 译为“假如”，用法与if相同。

3.错综虚拟条件句（从句和主句虚拟的时间不一致，此时需看从句或主句的

时间状语。）

例：⑴If you had just followed my advice, you would be better now. (be)

⑵If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.

(study)

4.含蓄条件句

用以下词代替if引导的虚拟条件句：

with, without, but for(没有), but that(要不是), or/otherwise(否则) + 主句 现，将：情v. + do

过去： 情v. + have done

例1：⑴But for your help, I wouldn’t have passed the exam yesterday. (not pass) ⑵But that it rained yesterday, I would have finished the work. (finish) 例2：⑴I passed the test. I _____ it without your help. (2010)

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