B．can C．must D．should
解析：should have done意为“本该做某事(但实际上未做)”，符合句意。句意：他们本该在午饭的时候到达，但是他们的航班延误了。A项为将来完成时；B项的can表推测，不能用于肯定句中；C项构成must have done结构，表示“一定做过某事”。
答案：D
6．(2011·陕西高考)—Will you read me a story, Mummy?
—OK. You________ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. A．might B．must C．could D．shall
解析：shall用于二、三人称肯定句中，表示说话人的允诺、威胁、命令、警告等语气。此处表示允诺，意为如果你尽快上床睡觉我就给你读一个故事。
答案：D
7．(2011·重庆高考)—Why didn't you come to Simon's party last night? —I wanted to, but my mom simply ________ not let me out so late at night. A．could B．might
C．would D．should
解析：句意：——昨天晚上你为什么不去参加西蒙的晚会？——我想去，但我妈妈不让我晚上那么晚出去。根据句意可知此处考查一种语气，表示“不会”用wouldn't。could not“不能”；might not“可能不”；should not“不应该”。故选C项。
答案：C
8．(2011·全国卷Ⅱ)If you ______ smoke, please go outside. A．can B．should C．must D．may
解析：此处must表示“偏偏，非要”。句意：如果你非要吸烟，请到外面去。 答案：C
9．(2011·福建高考)—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now ? —I am afraid you ________， in case he comes late to the meeting. A．will B．must
C．may D．can
解析：will“愿意，要”，用来表示一个人的意愿；must“必须，一定”，用来表示必要性；may“可以”；can“能够，会”。由空前的I'm afraid 可知，此处应侧重必要性。句意：——我现在通知他日程表的变动吗？——恐怕你必须通知他，以免他开会迟到。故选B项。
答案：B
10．(2011·辽宁高考)If you________go, at least wait until the storm is over.
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A. can B. may C. must D. will
解析：can“能；可以”；may“可能；可以”；must“必须；一定”；will 愿意；要；会”。If you must(do sth.)“(表示虽不赞同但可允许)如果你一定要(那么做)”，是固定句型。句意：如果你一定要去，至少也要等到暴风雨停了。故选C项。
答案：C
11．(2011·江苏高考)—I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
—How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ________ it. A. will have stolen B. might have stolen
C. should have stolen D. must have stolen
解析：根据语境可知，手提包失而复得。这里是猜测，但并不确定，意为“这个手提包可能会被偷”。might的可能性小。
答案：B
12．(2011·北京高考)—I don't really like James. Why did you invite him?
—Don't worry. He ________ come. He said he wasn't certain what his plans were. A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not 解析：句意：“——我真不喜欢詹姆斯，你为什么邀请他？——不要担心，他有可能不来，他说过他对他的计划不确定。”might“可能”，可能性较小。由句意可知，选D项。
答案：D
13．(2011·天津高考)I ________ sooner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me. A．had come B．was coming
C．would come D．would have come 解析：由空后的but I didn't know that they were waiting for me 可知“我”并没有早点来，因此第一句是一个虚拟语气的句子。因为讲述的过去的事情，所以句子应借助于“would＋have＋过去分词”的形式。本句可以改为以下形式：I would have come sooner if I had known that they were waiting for me.句意：我本来能够早点来，但是我不知道他们在等着我。故选D项。
答案：D
14．(2011·福建高考)—Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. —I ______it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. A．attended B．have attended
C．would attend D．would have attended
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解析：由but后的I was busy preparing for a job interview可知说话者并没有去听演讲，因此此处应是一个表示过去的虚拟语气。对过去的事情进行虚拟时，主句应用“would＋have＋过去分词”。本句可以改为I would have attended it if I hadn't been busy preparing for a job interview.句意：——你错过了关于核污染的演讲真是遗憾。——我本想去参加的，但是我正忙着准备工作面试。故选D项。
答案：D
15．(2011·陕西高考)I ________ through that bitter period without generous help. A．couldn't have gone B．didn't go
C．wouldn't go D．hadn't gone
解析：句意：如果没有你们慷慨相助，我不可能度过那段艰辛的岁月。表达与过去事实相反的虚拟时，主句用“would/could/should/might＋have done”，故选A项。
答案：A
16．(2011·北京高考)—Where are the children? The dinner's going to be completely ruined. —I wish they ________ always late. A. weren't B. hadn't been C. wouldn't be
D. wouldn't have been
解析：本题是考查wish后接虚拟语气的用法，而且是对现在情况的虚拟，应用一般过去时表示。句意：“——孩子们到哪儿去了？饭菜快凉了。——真希望他们不要总这么晚。”故选A项。
答案：A 17．(2011·北京高考)Maybe if I ________ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.
A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying
解析：由“if I．..then”可知，从句是对过去事情的虚拟，应用过去完成时。句意：“或许当时如果我学自然科学而不学文学的话，我就会给你更多的帮助。”故选C项。
答案：C 18．(2011·江西高考)We ________ John's name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.
A．will put B．will have put C．would put D．would have put
解析：句意：要不是因为约翰最近受伤的缘故，我们昨天就把他的名字写在参赛名单上了。根据句意及“but for(倘若没有，要不是)”可知，这里考查针对过去的虚拟，所以主句谓语部分要由would/could/might/should＋have done的形式构成，答案为D项。
答案：D
19．(2010·天津高考)—John went to the hospital alone.
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—If he________me about it, I would have gone with him. A. should tell B. tells
C. told D. had told
解析：句意：——约翰一个人去医院了。——如果他告诉我的话，我就会陪他去的。根据句意可知这与过去的客观事实相反。如果从句表示与过去的事实相反，其时态应为过去完成时。故D项正确。
答案：D
20．(2010·上海高考)—Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday. —Oh, you______have done it as yesterday was the deadline. A. must B. mustn't C. should D. shouldn't 解析：句意是：“史密斯先生，对不起，我昨天没有完成作业。”“哎呀，昨天是最终期限，你本应该做完的。”此处表示过去应该做某事而实际上没有做，这是对对方表示责备或遗憾，故用should have done 形式。must have done 用来表示对已发生情况的猜测，意为“一定……了”。mustn't have done 是错误的表达形式，故先排除。shouldn't have done 表示本不应该做某事而实际上做了，这与题意相反。
答案：C
21．(2010·江西高考)I have told you the truth.________I keep repeating it? A. Must B. Can C. May D. Will
解析：句意是：我已告诉过你实情了，非得要我再重复一遍吗？根据行文逻辑可知，此处要用Must I．..表示一种不耐烦的语气，意为“我非得……吗？”Can I和 May I都是用来请求许可的句式，意为“我可不可以……？”Will 在疑问句中不与第一人称连用，常用Will you...？请求对方做某事。
答案：A
22．(2010·课标全国卷)Just be patient. You________expect the world to change so soon. A. can't B. needn't
C. may not D. will not
解析：此题考查can 的用法。句意是：一定要耐心，你不可能希望世界改变得那么快吧。空格处表示否定的推测，用can't 表示“不可能”，在此句中can't 是对change so soon 进行否定。needn't “不必”；may not “可能不”；will not “将不会”。
答案：A
23．(2010·重庆高考)You________park here! It's an emergency exit. A. wouldn't B. needn't C. couldn't
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D. mustn't
解析：此题考查must。题干提供的情景是禁止某人做某事，mustn't 最适合应用在此情景中。wouldn't “不会”；needn't “不必”，这两个选项与题意不符。couldn't “不可能；不能够；不可以”，表示不允许某人做某事时，只能用can't，不能用委婉形式couldn't ，委婉形式出现在疑问句中。
答案：D 24．(2010·浙江高考“)You________have a wrong number.”she said.“There's no one of that name here.”
A. need B. can
C. must D. would
解析：根据题中“There's no one of that name here.”可知，说话人肯定地推断出对方拨错了号码，表示非常有把握的推测要用must“一定”。句意：“你一定拨错号了”，她说，“这里根本就没有叫那个名字的人”。
答案：C
25．(2009·安徽高考)Some people who don't like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they ________ just be quiet people.
A．must B．may C．should D．would
解析：考查情态动词表示推测的用法。句意：一些不喜欢多说话的人不一定就害羞，他们可能只是安静的人。may“或许，可能”；must“一定”；should“应该”；would“过去总是”。may表示一种推测，语气较弱。
答案：B
26．(2009·辽宁高考)The traffic is heavy these days. I ________ arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place?
A．can B．must C．need D．might 解析：句意：这些天交通很拥挤。我可能迟到，因此请给我留个位子好吗？四个选项中，用于肯定句中且表示“可能”的只有might。故D项正确。
答案：D
27．(2009·海南/宁夏/全国卷Ⅰ)What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There ________ be twelve.
A．should B．would C．will D．shall
解析：句意：你是什么意思，只有10张票？应该有12张啊。should表示估计或可能，表示某种情况是合理的、正常的，符合逻辑的。would表示过去的意愿或是过去的习惯性动作。will表示现在的意志或意愿，也表示一种倾向性。shall 第一、三人称疑问句中表示征
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张琮逻辑英语第二讲 助动词的形式与作用
