被动语态
例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。
Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。
姓名：____________ 时间：_____________ 编号：_________ 一、被动语态概述
语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用\被\、\受\、\给\等词来表示被动意义。
如：He opened the door. 他打开了这扇门。（主动语态） The door was opened. 这扇门被打开了。（被动语态）
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词） （根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。
（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him. → He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory. → The bikes are made by them in the factory. He cut down a tree. → A tree was cut down by him.
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由\助动词be+及物动词的过去分词\构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。 各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例） 1．一般现在时（am/ is/ are +done）
English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。 The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。 2．一般过去时(was/ were +done)
The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。 My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。 3．一般将来时 (will/ shall be +done)
A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。 4．过去将来时 (would/should be +done)
I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。 5. 现在进行时 (am/ is/ are being +done)
The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。 6. 过去进行时 (was/ were being +done)
The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时，机器正在被修理。 7．现在完成时(have/ has been + done)
Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。 8. 过去完成时：(had been + done)
He had been told many times not to be late. 他被告诉好多次不要迟到了。
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成 We can repair this watch in two days. →This watch can be repaired in two days. They should do it at once. →It should be done at once.
六、特殊情况
1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.
→The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday. 2.Mother never lets me watch TV . →I am never let to watch TV by mother. 3.Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.
→（1）A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now. →（2）Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.
七、常见的句型结构：
It is(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought......）that......大家同意（相信、决定、希望、认为）......
It is(was)well known that......众所周知 It is(was)taken for granted that......被视为当然 It must be remembered that......务必记住......
1
三、被动语态的用法
（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如：Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。
This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。
（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
（ ）1．The Olympic Games ___________every four years. A are held
A． is giving
B were held B is given
C．are holding C will give
D．will ho1d D has given
（ ）2. In the art show，a lot of enjoyment _ _to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings． （ ）3. Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It _________in. many schools around the world. A. teaches
B. is teaching
C. has taught D. is taught
（ ）4. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, ________as \
A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards （ ）5. Usually computers _________to search the Internet.
A. use B. are using C. are used D. used （ ）6. --Do you often clean your classroom? --Yes. Our classroom __________every day.
A. clean
B. cleans
C. is cleaned
（ ）7.一Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible?
一Yes．In fact，it ____.That's all because of the people and the factories around．
A． polluted
B was polluted
C has polluted
D．was po11ute
（ ）8. --Our environment is getting worse than before.
--You're right. But thanks to Earth Day_______, people have done more and more useful things to protect(保护)the earth since Earth Day.
A. is started B. was started C. has started （ ）9. ---I feel very happy that I ____to be the host. ---Congratulations!
A. choose B. am chosen C. was chosen D. haven chosen
（ ）10. Many trees and flowers ______ in our school last year，and they made our school a beautiful garden． A．plant B．planted C．have planted D．were planted （ ）11.Some famous paintings __________in the hall next week.
A. will show
B. were shown
C. is shown D. will be shown
（ ）12. A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week .
A. given B. will be given C. has been given D. gives （ ）13.---Great changes have taken place in this city.
---Right. Many modern tall buildings have been ______ these days.
—Yes, our classroom ______ every day.
A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned D. Cleaned
（ ）16．—Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start.
–I’m sorry, but I _____ when to meet. A. don’t tell A. pull down
B. didn’t tell
C. haven’t told C. will pull down
D. wasn’t told D. are pulled down
（ ）17．Many old houses around our school ____ next year and a large green area will appear.
B. will be pulled down
（ ）18．--- My watch ______.
--- Don’t worry. Let’s go to the Lost & Found. A. is lost B. is broken ---No, I___________. A. am not invited -- Once a year. A. does; hold
B. was; hold
C. is; held
D. did; hold
（ ）21．On May 30th, , one bowl in the Ming dynasty (明朝) _______ at the price of 30.36 million Hong Kong dollars. A. sell B. sold C. is sold D. was sold （ ）22．The \hand Guanyin\____ by many people as the best performance at CCTV's Spring Festival Evening.
A. has been regarded B. are regarded —Yes, they ______ in Hangzhou. A. painted
B. were painting
C. were painted
D. had painted
（ ）24．---Don’t litter the ground, boy ,Look at the sign:: “Rubbish into the dustbin.” ---Sorry. A, has throw B, was throw C, must throw （ ）25．The 29th 0lympic Games __in Beijing in 2008．
A．will hold
B will be held
C．hold
（ ）26. The girl was often heard happily in her room.
A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sings
（ ）27. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _________ in our school in the next term.
A. will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build
（ ）28. Don’t put off today’s work for tomorrow. I mean, today’s work _________ today.
A. may do B. must do C. may be done D. must be done
2
C. has found D. has stopped
（ ）19．---Did you go to Sam’s weekend party?
B. wasn’t invited
C. haven’t invited
D. didn’t invite
（ ）20．-- How often ______ your school sports meeting ______?
C. has regarded D. regards
（ ）23．—Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful.
D , must be thrown
A. turned up B. put up C. shown up D. fixed up
（ ）14.Twelve-year-olds should not to drive in China.
A. allow B. be allow C. allowed D. be allowed （ ）15. —Do you often clean your classroom?
典型例题 一般现在时
1A 。[解析]考查被动语态，根据句意，“奥运会每四年举行一次”可见须用一般现在时的被动语态，故排除了B、C、D。
2[答案]B。[解析]本题考查被动语态，句中a lot of enjoyment是动作的承受者。“在这次艺术展中，一些有趣的东西通过中国国画展示给外国朋友。”
3[答案]D。[解析]考查被动语态。物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。
4[答案]A。[解析] 选用一般现在时态的被动语态，表示人们对这位伟大作家的爱戴。 5[答案]C 。[解析]从句子看，电脑作主语，是动作的承受者，所以用被动语态，故选C。
6. [答案]C。[解析]考查被动语态物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。 一般过去时
1[答案]B。考查被动语态。物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。
2[答案]B。 [解析]从句意：“……自从‘地球日’开始以来，人们已做了一些越来越有用的事保护环境。”可知，“地球日”的开始，要用一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为was started故选B。 3. We ________into five groups to go to the old people's home. We did many things to cheer them up. [太原市]
A. divided B. are divided C. were divided
3[答案]C。[解析]本题主要考查被动语态的用法。根据句意及语境可推知空格处应用被动语态的形式。由后一句\．”可推断，时态应该是一般过去时。因此选C。 4C 5D
一般将来过去
1[答案]D。[解析] 本题综合考查时态和语态。主语为“一些名画”，在此为动作“展出”的承受者，故应用被动语态，时间状语为next week，是表示将来的时间状语，所以句子时态是一般将来时，所以D项正确。 2B
答案B
答案：D。情态动词用于被动结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词。
答案为C。句中有every day，主语为our classroom，故要用一般现在时的被动语态。
【参考答案】
1．答案D 解析：依据句意：对不起，但我不知道什么时候见面。强调动作发生在过去，I 和tell之间是被动关系。
2．答案B 解析：由题干时间next year 科知识将来时态，句子主语是old houses ,应用被动语态。故选B。
3．答案A 解析：由Let’s go to the Lost & Found.可知，说明表丢失了。故选
4．答案B 解析：由Did you go to Sam’s weekend party?可知陈述过去的动作的发生，I 和invite之间存在着被动关系。故选B。 5．答案C 解析：How often+一般疑问句？此句型用来提问在某一特定时间内进行某个动作的次数，
3
表示“多长时间一次”。往往针对频度副词如：always, seldom, usually, once a month, sometimes, every
five minutes.等提问，常用于现在时或过去时。由题干your school sports meeting 作主语，谓语应用被动语态。故选C。
6．答案D 解析：由On May 30th, ,可知动作发生在过去；其主语是one bowl与sell存在被动关系。 7．答案A 解析：依据题意： “千手观音” 被许多人认为是中央电视台春节联欢晚会最好的节目。表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，应用现在完成时。其主语是The \，要用被动语态。故选A。
8．答案C 解析：they指代Those eggs of different colors，主语是物，故用被动语态。依据结构，应选C.。
9．答案D 解析：依据句意：垃圾必须扔进垃圾箱里。表示“命令”，句子主语是垃圾，应用被动语态。
10．答案B解析：考查一般将来时的被动语态。由in 2008可知是将来时，运动会应该是“被举行”，所以使用一般将来时的被动语态：will +be+过去分词。
11选B。考查使役动词的被动语态。在主动语态中heard后用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，而在被动语态中动词不定式符号to需补上。由关键信息was often heard可直接断定正确答案为B。 12选A。考查一般将来时的被动语态。由关键信息in the next term可知要用一般将来时，先排除B、C二项；另结合题意“据报道我们学校在下个学期有更多的教学楼被建造”可知要用被动语态，故舍D选A。 13选A
14选B。由时间状语yesterday可知本题要用一般过去时，先排除A、C二项；另根据题意“那个生病的男孩被警察送到了医院”可知要用被动语态，故舍D选B。 15选D
16选C。考查现在完成时的被动语态。结合题意“如果没有人看电视就关掉它”可知第一个空是条件状语从句；另由关键信息“The music is from the radio.”可知“（电视）已经关掉了”，要用现在完成时的被动语态，故正确答案为C。 17选C
18选D。考查含情态动词的被动语态。由题意“今天的工作必须在今天被做完”可知本题要用被动语态，先排除A、B二项；结合题意可舍C选D。
（完整word版）外研版初中英语被动语态讲解及练习详解答案
