初一至初三全程英语知识点总结及练习3
§136 cost/ spend/ pay/ takeⅰ.cost 指某东西“值……钱”； “需要花费……钱/ 精力”等，它的主语一般为表示东西的名词，不能为表示人的名词，作及物动词和名词。可接双宾语，无被动语态。如：① i’ll bet that dress cost a thousand dollars.我敢说那件衣服得花1000美元。② the chair cost me thirty yuan.这把椅子花了我30元。③ the building of the dam cost many lives. 修建这个水坝使许多人丧生。（使花（某种代价）；使损失）④ bad driving may cost you your life.开车技术不行可能使你丢掉性命。⑤ 作名词时意为“花费；成本”→the cost of the house was too high for me.这房子的价钱太高，我买不起。[常用搭配]：① at all costs 不惜一切代价，
¬¬¬¬¬—→the officer told the soldiers that they must defend the town at all costs. 军官对士兵们说要不惜一切代价保卫这座城市。② at the cost of 以……为代价。 →1). he finished the work at the cost of his health. 他完成了这项工作，但失去了健康。 →2). she saved him from fire, but at the cost of her own life. 她从火中把他救出，但她自己却牺牲了。③ cost of living 生活费用。—→as the cost of living goes up my standard of living goes down. 生活费用越上涨，我的生活水准越降低。ⅱ.spend 的主语经常是人 ， 用来表示人花钱买东西或花时间做某事，常用的句型有： 如：① i spend 5 yuan on the book.我买这书花五元
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钱。② the boy spent 10 minutes drawing a dog.那个男孩花了10分钟画一只狗。ⅲ.pay “支付，花费”，主语只能是人 且只用于花费金钱，其结构是: pay + sb + some money + for sth. “为……付给某人多少钱” 其中的人、钱、事，可以根据具体情况取舍。如：① i paid (him)5 yuan. 我付（给他）5元钱。② i paid him 5 yuan for the book. 我买那本书付给了他五元钱。③ i paid him for the book. 我买那本书付给了他钱。④ i paid for the book. 我付了那本书的钱。ⅳ.take 也可表“花费时间和金钱”，（一般只指花费时间）其常用结构为：it +take(各种时态)+time/money+to do sth. 如it took me three hours to finish the work.
§137 country/ state/ nationⅰ. country “国家”着重指疆土而言。“乡下、农村”相当于countryside, 但它指风景而言。如：① this country is in the south of europe. 这个国家在欧洲南部。② germany and france are european countries. 德国和法国是欧洲国家。③ the countryside around nanjing is beautiful at this time of the year.ⅱ. state “国家”着重指政权而言。如：① i’d like to borrow a copy of “the state and revolution”.我想借一本《国家与革命》。34567891011131415
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初一至初三全程英语知识点总结及练习3.doc
