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随着初中英语新教改的不断深入，听说技能的训练在英语各个阶段的教学中日益受到重视。但在训练听说能力的同时，教师也要重视培养学生的读写能力。在平时的教学中，应要求学生能仿照学过的题材或话题，利用所给的范例写简单的书信、便条、通知等；能按要求笔头转述所听、所读的内容；能为图片提供简单的文字说明并能表达自己的观点。
目前，书面表达是中考试卷中必不可少的一项测试内容。写作的题材新颖、形式多样，主要侧重灵活性、实用性和多样性。从历年的考题来看,中考英语写作涉及的内容包括看图作文、图表作文、提纲作文、根据要求写书信、便条、日记与通知等。由此可见，书面表达在中考英语试卷中占有一席之地。本人认为训练初中学生的书面表达能力可以从以下几个方面做些尝试。 一. 认真审题，从容面对 1. 体裁与形式
体裁： 一般包括记叙文、说明文、和应用文 形式： （1）提供内容和情景的提示、提纲短文 （2）图表和汉语提示相结合的图表作文 （3）图画和汉语提示相结合的图画作文
2. 题材： 写人、写事、写物、写景、日记、书信、通知、便条等。 3. 时态： （1）现在时态常用来介绍人物、学习、兴趣、爱好、生活等 ； （2）过去时态常用于看图作文和日记等； （3）将来时态常用来写通知等 。
4.作文口诀： 审题是关键，重点要明确，要点要全面，格式要正确，
语言要地道，行文要流畅，字迹要工整，卷面要漂亮。
二. 成竹在胸，动笔是时
1．认真审清题目，切实把握要点
例如，请你根据表格所给内容，
以 Advantages and Disadvantages of Students’ Carrying Mobile Phones为题，用英语写一篇80---100字的短文。 利 弊 你的观点 1）时尚、有用 1）玩游戏影响学习 中学生不该带手机， 2）便于同家人朋友联系 2）在考试中作弊 应该把注意力集中在 3）听音乐、拍照、放松 3）浪费时间和金钱 学习上 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
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审题
题目： Advantages and Disadvantages of Students’Carrying Mobile Phones 人称：第一人称 文体：说明文 时态：一般现在时 字数：80---100 结构：三段式（利、弊、个人观点） 2.审清时态和人称，组织要点语言 要点：
advantages： 1）fashionable and useful 2）it’s more convenient for …
3）take photos and relax by listening to music disadvantages：1）play games
2）cheat in exams 3）it’s a waste of time and money
opinions: 1) shouldn’t bring… to 2) concentrate on studies
3. 美化语言，提高文章质量
Advantages and Disadvantages of Students’ Carrying Mobile Phones
Nowadays mobile phones are becoming more and more popular among the middle school students. But there are some advantages and disadvantages of carrying mobile phones .
As we know, a mobile phone is one of the quickest tools for us to exchange information. First of all, the mobile phone is a fashionable and useful invention. Seconly, if we have a mobile phone, we can keep in touch with our friends and parents wherever we are. Besides, the mobile phone is a good way to have fun. We can take photos and relax by listening to music.
However, there are some problems with using mobile phones. On the one hand, some students enjoy playing games and have no interest in studies. On the other hand, it’s a waste of time and money on phone calls and sending messages. What's worse, many students are able to cheat in exams with mobile phones.
In my opinion, we shouldn’t bring mobile phones to school. As students,we should concentrate our attention on studies.
三. 勿犯低级错，行文规范中
1.勿用“中式英语 ” a. Long time no see.
b. Good, good study , day day up.
c. My level of English has been improved.
d. We should put our heart into (pay attention to) study. e. Smoking will do harm to our body (health). f. In my opinion , I think students shouldn’t use cellphones in school. g. I welcome you to visit my house.(You are welcome to my house.) 2. 用词要得当
price / speed / temperature + high / low
get /gain + knowledge large / small +population
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3. 巧用过度词
常用的过渡性词语有：
时间顺序： first, next, then, finally， meanwhile, at the same time
空间顺序： on one side, next to, on the other side, at the back of , to the right/left 对称过渡词：for one thing, for another
on the one hand ,on the other hand 因果过渡词：because, so, thanks to, as a result of 条件过渡词：if, unless
转折过渡词：however，but
总结过渡词：in my opinion, in a word, in short, in other words 4.采用多种表达方式 ，增加亮点
1）He didn’t go to bed until his mother came back.
2）Jane is much cleverer than any other student in his class 3) The story is so interesting that everyone likes reading it. 4) It’s never too old to learn.
5) I couldn’t pass the exam without your help. 6) --- I don’t know if he will come. -- He will come if it doesn’t rain.
7) The more we get together, the happier we will be. 8) I don’t think teenagers should drive a car.
9) Use your head , and /then you will have an idea.
10) She not only speaks English well but also writes English well. 四. 千锤和百炼，熟用可生巧 看图作文练习
看图作文难度稍大，在写作时它要根据图画呈现的内容与所给的中英文提示相结合来表达其内在涵义。
看图作文可采用以下几个步骤： 1、理解图意，确立情景 2、注意所给的中英文提示 3、明确时态，理顺思路
4、连词成句，然后再连句成文 5、反复审核，修改错误
假设下面五幅图画描述的是你在5月3日(星期五)的一段亲身经历。请你根据画面内容，写一篇80字左右的日记。
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英文日记的格式
英文日记通常由书端和正文两个部分组成。中、英文的日记格式大致一样。 英语日记的书端是写日记的日期、星期和天气的。左上角是日期（年、月、日）、星期。右上角写当天的天气，如：Sunny，Fine，Rainy，Windy，Snowy等。
今天下午我去看电影。 go to a movie go to the cinema see a film this afternoon
It’s a fine day today.
I went to a movie happily this afternoon.
在路上,我看到一个手提箱从 一辆自行车上掉了下来。 on the way
fall down from / fall off see / find + 复合宾语
On the way, I found/saw a case fall down from/off a man’s bike.
我捡起箱子,并向骑车人大声喊叫, 但他却没听见,走远了。
pick up shout to ride away
I picked up the case and shouted to the man, but he didn’t hear me and rode away.
于是,我拦了一辆出租车去追赶失主。
stop a taxi catch up with
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I stopped a taxi to catch up with the man.
我终于追上了失主,并把箱子还给他。 give back / return refuse
I caught up with him at last and gave the case back to him.
失主非常感动, 他拿出一些钱来感谢我,但被我拒绝了。 The man took out some money to thank me, but I refused.
May 3rd, Friday Fine This afternoon, I went to see a film. On the way, I saw a case fall off a man's bike. I picked up the case and shouted to the man to stop. But he didn't hear me and rode away.
I stopped a taxi and got into it with the case. When we caught up with the man, I gave the case back to him. The man was so moved that he thanked me very much and wanted to give me some money. But I refused .Though I missed the film, I was very happy.
五. 重视积累，功夫在平时
“冰冻三尺，非一日之寒”，要想提高学生的英语写作能力，必须从平时学习的一点一滴抓起，日积月累，持之以恒。 1. 过好词汇关
在教学中，要重视词汇的训练，教会学生根据单词构成和发音的规律，归纳总结，不断反复，循环记忆。听写是检查和巩固所学内容的有效方式，可利用每天上课前五分钟让学生听写单词短语以及重要句型，也可以每月进行一次“词汇大比拼”，并进行适当奖励，调动学生的兴趣和积极性。 2. 注重句型训练
几乎所有英语句型都是五种基本句型的扩大、延伸或变化。因此，训练学生写作就要抓五种基本句型造句训练。写作训练从词法、句法知识入手，结合课本里的重点句型、短语进行五种基本句型的造句练习。 3. 训练仿写能力
在刚开始写作训练阶段，仿写是最有效的训练形式。在教课文时，教师可以帮助学生理解其中的语言知识和句型结构，指导学生分析课文的写作思路及内容，然后让学生模仿写短文。学生通过对课文的写作思路及内容的模仿，会慢慢掌握审题、列提纲等写作技巧，为今后的写作打下良好的基础。 4. 培养自由表达能力
要求学生每天或每周用英语写日记。学生写日记时，可以写他们感兴趣的话题。指导学生用学过的句型来表达想要表达的内容，要学会变通，变难为易。 5. 多读、多背好文章、范文
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\读书破万卷，下笔如有神\，英语文章也是如此。平时多读多背好文章、好句子、谚语、俗语，写作时会起到画龙点睛的作用，而这些句子、文章往往就在我们身边。
六．中考写作的基本步骤和技巧
1. 细心审题。细读题目中每一项提示或观察所给的每一幅画，明确文章的中心思想，弄清题意，确定写作体裁，掌握所要表达的要点，做到心中有数。 2. 理顺要点。列出提纲，按事件先后顺序或各要点之间的内在联系，分清层次。既要避免要点遗漏，又要使表达内容条理清楚。
3. 构成框架。将理顺的要点或每幅图的含义加以连贯，构成写作的整体框架，进一步定人称、时态、语态、顺序、段落、开头结尾。基本框架构成后，写作就有了把握。
4. 组织句子。用自己最熟悉的短语或句型将要点逐句表达出来，多用简单句，用有把握的复合句。要扬长避短，避难就易。若遇到表达障碍，可换一种说法，只求达意。
5. 串句成篇。将写好的句子连贯地组织起来，注意上下句的逻辑关系，适当采用递进、让步、转折、因果等过度词，使短文浑然一体，层次分明，过渡自然。
6. 检查修改。文章草成后，默读1～2遍，要注意人称、大小写、拼写、习惯用语、格式有无错误，要点有无遗漏，文句有无语病，词数是否恰当，行文是否连贯。
总之，写作是一种综合能力的训练，是对学生所学语言知识的综合运用。教师在教学过程中始终要把写作训练贯穿于英语的听、说、读、写四项基本技能的训练中。只要我们教师充分领会课改精神，认真钻研教材，巧设写作任务，循序渐进，坚持写作训练，学生们的写作能力一定会得到很大的提高。而当学生明白了一篇精彩的英语作文来自于点点滴滴的积累，来自于平时的亲笔实践时，他们的写作也就会妙笔生花了。
8BU1 Welcome语言点
1 I’ve just eaten it. 我刚才把它吃光了。
just可用于完成时态中，置于动词与助动词之间，意为“刚刚” 我刚刚做完家庭作业。I’ve just finished my homework.
我刚刚给我的笔友写了一封信。I’ve just written a letter to my pen friend.
just now 刚才，相当于a moment ago,用于一般过去时，通常位于句首和句末。 刚才老师进教室了。The teacher entered the classroom just now.
2 You’ve changed, too. You used to be so kind to me. 你也变了。你过去对我那么好。 used to do sth 过去常常做某事（=often did sth in the past)
过去我们常在一起打牌，下象棋。We used to play cards and Chinese chess together. 我妈妈曾经是一位老师。My mother used to be a teacher.
这男孩过去常常放学后打篮球。The boy used to play basketball after school. 它的否定形式有两种：didn’t use to/used not to used to be 曾经是
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练习：
I. 首字母填空
1.My daughter studied very hard in the p . 2.I’m afraid I can’t help you at p . 3.Great changes have taken place in Taizhou s 1949. 4.My father often go to work by u . 5.At the fashion show, people wore clothes from different t . II. 用所给词的正确形式填空
1.Tom has two (bowl) of rice for lunch.
2.Linda didn’t want (listen)to the music again. 3.We have meals three (time) a day.
4.There （be）some old houses near the park in the past. 5.It is dangerous （play ) with fire. III. 请从各题后所给的A, B, C, D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
1. I _____ my bowl on the table a few minutes ago, but I can’t find it now. A. see B. have seen C. saw D. am seeing
2. —Why did you drink my juice? — _______ I was very thirsty. A. For B. Because C. If D. So
3. The twins are over there. Lucy is playing _____ volleyball. Lily is playing ______ Mimi, her cat.
A. 不填; 不填 B. with; with C. 不填; with D. with; 不填 4. He _____ a lot over the years. Now he is polite and kind. A. changed B. has changed C. is changing D. changes 5. The underground has been in use in the city _____ 2012. A. since B. on C. for D. at 6. My home isn’t far from school, so I ___ to school every day.
A. drive a car B. take a bus C. ride a bike D. take a plane 7. — ______ is Simon? — He is watering flowers in the garden. A. What B. How C. When D. Where
8. We can go to Shanghai by _______. It is faster and can save more time. A. plane B. train C. underground D. coach
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最新中考英语作文应对
