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名词大闯关
姓名: 日期:
第一讲:名词的分类 一. 名词的意义和种类
1.名词意义: 表示人、事物或抽象概念的词。如:Shanghai, Lilei, desk 2.名词的种类:
A.专有名词:表示人名、月份、日期、地名等。如:Jim, June, China, Harbin.
注意:(1)第一个字母要大写;(2)专有名词前不加冠词,也没有复数。 B.普通名词:表示某人或者某事物的名称。
(1)个体名词:表单个的人或者事物。如:boy, teacher, apple… (2)集体名词:表一群人或一些事物的总称。
如:family, people, police, class…
(3)物质名词:表无法分为个体的物质。如:water, money, sea… (4)抽象名词:表抽象概念的词。如:health, friendship…
第二讲:名词的数
A.可数名词(个体名词和集体名词):有单复数之分
1.规则变化
情况 一般的词 构成 +s +es 读音 例词 浊辅音[z] day-days 清辅音[s] [iz] desk-desks match-matches boss-bosses 以s, sh, ch, x.*
结尾 以辅音+y结尾 以f/fe结尾 以o结尾 改y为i+es 改f为v+es +es [z] baby-babies fly-flies [z] [z] wife-wives leaf-leaves Negro(黑人), hero(英雄), potato,tomato,mango(芒果) +s [z] 除了以上六个以o结尾的单词,其他以o结尾的加s
批注1:o结尾的名词顺口溜
1)黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)从火山(volcano)上走过,烤熟了带着的 西红柿(tomato)、土豆(potato)和芒果(mango)。 或:黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿,外加一个大芒果。 2)其余以o结尾的名词变复数时均加s。
2.不规则变化
(1)常见的有:a-e man-men, fisherman-fishermen, woman-women
oo-ee foot-feet, goose-geese,tooth-teeth
mouse-mice(老鼠), child-children, ox--oxen(公牛)
(2)单复数同型: deer fish sheep
批注:①fish作鱼肉讲时不可数,没有复数。 ② fishes指各种不同种类鱼或指几条鱼。 如:Help yourself to some fish.(鱼肉)
How many fishes are there in the river? (鱼的种类)
(3)表示“某国人”的名词单复数变化如下:
(中日不变) a Chinese---two Chinese; a Japanese--- four Japanese
(英法变) an Englishman--- eight Englishmen; an Frenchman---nine Frenchmen
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(其他S加后面) a German---five Germans; a Australian--two Australians
(4)有些名词通常只有复数形式,谓语动词也用复数,这些名词有:glasses, clothes, trousers, 如果想表达数量时,需要用量词。 如:a pair of shoes/glasses , three pairs of shoes/glasses The shoes are too big. This pair of shoes is too big. These pairs of shoes are too big. (5)姓氏是专有名词,姓氏后面加-s,表示“一家”。 the Blacks布莱克一家 the Whites怀特一家
B.不可数名词(物质名词和抽象名词)一般用单数形式。
1. 不可数名词没有复数,当它作句子的主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。 如:The food is very fresh. 食品很新鲜。
2. 不可数名词需要用数量来表示时,遵循以下结构:数词+量词+of+不可数名词,如:a cup of coffee three cups of coffee
类似的短语有:a bowl of noodles(一碗面) a piece of paper(一张纸)
a packet of sweets(一包糖)a box of apples(一箱苹果) a pair of shoes(一双鞋) a bottle of milk(一瓶牛奶) a glass of water(一杯水)
三.复合名词的复数变化规则
例:一个男医生a man doctor-----四个男医生four men doctors
一个女老师a woman doctor-----女老师们women teachers 一个女学生a girl student-----三个女学生three girl students 一个男朋友a boy friend----很多男朋友many boy friends 批注口诀:男人女人都得变,男孩女孩变后面。
pencil-box→pencil-boxes铅笔盒 book shop→book shops
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名词的数大闯关:
姓名: 分数: 一.圈出下列单词中的不可数名词。(题目数: 错数: ) peach milk water zoo sister coffee knife time tea orange meat jeep car teacher bread ear
cola watermelon rice orange juice love money
二.给出下列名词的复数形式。(题目数: 错误数: )
1.watch__________ 2.class__________ 3.shelf__________ 4.dog__________ 5.dish__________ 6.child__________ 7.nurse__________ 8.desk__________ 9.boy__________ 10.baby__________ 11.tooth_________ 12.eye__________ 13.sheep_________ 14.tomato_______ 15.Chinese_________ 16.goose_________ 17.photo________ 18.Frenchman_________ 19.box 20.mango 21.wife 22.fish 23.deer 24.Swiss 25.hero 26.negro 27.potato 28.mice 29.ox 30.German
三.用所给名词的适当形式填空。(题目数: 错误数: ) 1. How many (sheep) are there on the hill? 2. There is some (food) in the basket. 3. The baby has only two (tooth) now. 4. There is a lot of (water) in the bottle. 5. There are five (people ) in his family. 6. Let's take (photo), OK? 7. I have lots of (tomato) here.
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8. The (leaf) on the tree turn yellow.
9. The (child) are playing games on the playground now. 10. Their (dictionary) look new. 11. I see you have a few white (hair). 12. They are (woman) doctors.
13. Can you give me some bottles of (orange), please? 14. There are many (fox) in the picture.
15. I would like some apple (juice). I am very thirsty.
16. I have two (knife) and three___________ (watch). 17.Peter has eight ________ (foot).
18.I help my mother wash ___________(dish) in the kitchen. 19.I have a lot of___________(toy) in my bedroom. 20.Chinese___________(people) like to eat noodles.
四.翻译。(题目数: 错误数: )
1.Pat夫妇 2.一些水 3.许多人 4.三个小孩 5.一个苹果 6.三天 7.一只胖老鼠,四只瘦老鼠 8.一只狗,三只羊,五条鱼 9.一个男医生,三个女医生 10.一个男朋友,三个女朋友 11.一片面包 12.一箱苹果 13.一双鞋 14.一杯果汁 15.一杯茶
16.两条新闻
17.八碗面条 18.三张纸 19.一包薯条 20.一瓶牛奶