定语从句
请看下面的句子：
I want to know the boy who is the tallest.
句子做定语修饰boy （一）概念:
定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子， 叫定语从句。 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 （二）定语从句的分类
Ⅰ、限定性定语从句：从句不可少，没有它，先行词的意思不明确，主句也不完整。与先行词之间不用逗号。
e.g:This is the book that/which I want.
Ⅱ、非限定性定语从句：是对先行词的补充说明，没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性。 从句一般用逗号同主句分开。
e.g:Mr. Green， who is watching TV，is my uncle.
（三）(限定性)定语从句的结构
Mary is a girl who has long hair.
先行词 关系词 定语从句
关系代词 关系副词
which, who, whom,
whose, that where, when, why
（四）定语从句的实质：二句合一
（合并条件：人物先行在句一，又占句二一席地） Mary is a girl.
合并为一个句子 She has long hair.
思路：留（保留先行词）-----舍（舍去与先行词互指的词）----替（用关系词代替舍去部分） Mary is a girl who/that has long hair. 请把下列句子二句合一
1. I saw the man.He closed the door
2.The girl is happy. She won the race
3.The man called the police . His wallet was stolen
（五） 定语从句关系词的确定: ? a.先行词的分类
? b.先行词在从句中充当的成分
1.先行词做主语 人：who/that 物：which/that
2.先行词做宾语 人：who/whom/that 物：which/that
3.先行词做定语 人：whose
物：whose/of which 4.先行词做状语：when, where, why
? who, whom, whose, that用法区别.
? who /that作定语从句的主语或宾语.
The man who/that is speaking at the meeting is a worker. 做题思路：先分解——分析——再合并
分解 The man is a worker. The man is speaking at the meeting.
作主语
? Whom /that作定语从句的宾语
The woman（ whom/that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.
分解 The woman is a teacher.
They wanted to visit the woman.
作宾语 注意: 关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.
? whose 作定语从句的定语.
I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.
分解 I know the girl.
The girl’s mother is a teacher.
作定语 小结：
关系词判断步骤
? 首先，要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用who, that whom, whose。
如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that ? 然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表 先行词 人 物 主语 who, that which, that 宾语 who(m), that which, that 定语 whose whose, of which 巩固练习：用适当代关系词填空
1. I have a friend ________ likes listening to classical music.
2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress __________ I gave her. 3. The man ______ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.
（六）只能用that,不能用which的情况：
(1)先行词为all, everything，anything，nothing, something, nothing ,few, little, much, the one等不定代词时；
(2)先行词被形容词最高级所修饰或被the only, the very, the last, any, few, little , no, all, one of 等修饰时：
(3)先行词为数词或被序数词（含 last)修饰时。 （4）先行词是并列词组既有人又有物时。
(5)在以who, which开头的句子中为了避免重复。 口诀：不定代词这一伙，全用that准没错 先行词前有修饰，千万不能用which.
请在以下例句中体会以上规则： 1. Here is something that I will tell you.
2.We haven’t got much that we can offer you. 3. Is it the one that you want ?
4.This is the most interesting story that I have ever heard.
5. I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I see. 6.Which is the bike that you lost?
7.Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?
（七）只能使用which 的情况 ? 1.关系代词前有介词时； ? 2.先行词本身是 that 时； ? 3.非限定定语从句
? 口诀:要有which别着急， ? 介词提前逗隔离。
? e.g:1.This is the classroom in which we studied for two year. ? 2.She has two dolls，which are from her parents
单项选择：
? 1. This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday. ? A. that B. who C. whom D. this ? 2. The girl _____ you saw in the street is Mary. ? A. that B. whose C. which D. as
? 3. Is this the factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday? ? A. the one B. which C. who D. whom
? ※4.Is this factory a lot of students visited ? A. the one B. which C. who D. who
? 5. The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue. ? A. which B. that C. / D. it
? 6. The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police. ? A. which B. in which C. that D. all ? ※7. _____ cleans the blackboard should be praised.
? A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The students who ? 注意：
? ①当关系词作定语从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的形式应与先行词的人称和数保持一
致。
②若句中无先行词，先补出先行词再判断用法。（4,7题）
完成下列句子：
1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.
who saved the boy’ s life This is the doctor
2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.
who is running The man is my uncle. 3.我看见一位钱包丢失了的妇女。
I saw a woman whose bag was stolen /whose bag was lost. 4. 住在隔壁的那个小伙的是教师.
The young man is a teacher. who lives next door 注意：定语从句的时态不受主句影响。 【定语从句中考真题演练】
1、There are lots of things ______ I need to prepare before the trip. (河北省卷) A. who B. that C. whom D. whose 2、Jim dislikes people _______talk much but never do anything. （吉林省通化市） A.whom B.when C.whose D.who
3、—I hear Sam has gone to Qiandiao for his holiday. （江苏省南京市）
--Oh,how nice!Do you know when he_______? A.left B.was leaving C.has left D.had left
4、We are trying to help those children ____lost their parents in Yushu , Qinghai Province. (浙江省衢州市) A. which B. when C. who D. whose 5、Do you know the girl _______is singing in the classroom? (湖南长沙) A.who B.which C.when
6、—The volunteers are doing a great job in Yushu. （江苏省扬州市） --Yes.They are helping the people ______are suffering from the earthquake. A.which B.what C./ D.who 7、Have you found the answer to the question ______I asked you this morning? （四川省成都市）
A.when B.what C.that
8、Friends are those____ make you smile，always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed. （河南省）
A which B what C whom D who
9、I began to work in Shanghai in the year _____ HongKong was returned to China. （湖北省十堰市）
A.that B.which C.where D.when 10、This is the school _______ I studied three years ago. （山东省菏泽市） A. where B. when C. that D. which 11、—What do you usually do in your leisure time? （黑龙江省哈尔滨市）
—I enjoy reading in the library ____________ I lose myself in a world of good books. A. which B. that C. where
12、—The village _________I visited last year has changed a lot. （福建省福州市） --Really?I hope to go there on day.
A.that B.who C.when
13、This is my beautiful school _______ is near the famous library. （广西省桂林市） A. where B. which C. who D. when
14、The old woman ______ is wearing a pair of glasses ______ Mrs. Black. （黑龙江省鸡西市）
A. which, are B. who, are C. who, is
15、Do you like music _______ makes you relaxed? （广西省定西市） A. it B. what C. who D. that
中考英语 定语从句讲解
