泰 山 学 院 本 科 毕 业 设 计
小型玉米秸秆粉碎机的设计
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摘 要
随着我国种植业的发展以及农民对资源利用意识的提高，秸秆的处理问题成为目前农村较为关注的问题。之前的农户一般通过就地焚烧的方式处理秸秆，这样不仅造成资源的浪费还对环境产生较坏的影响。近年来传统农业规模转变为以经济作物为主体的农业，农户不能像以前用大型的设备集中处理秸秆问题。因此设计一款小型的玉米秸秆粉碎机不仅能够满足用户处理少量秸秆的问题，还能够解决大型设备造成的浪费。
本课题通过作者在家乡的调研,对大学中学习到机械设计以及力学知识的运用，首先进行了总体结构设计及基本参数的确定，然后对传动部分主要零件设计，紧跟着设计了粉碎机结构，最后对主要的工作部件进行了设计并校核。通过一系列的工作，设计了一款专为小型用户服务的玉米秸秆粉碎机。
关键词：秸秆粉碎 小型 设计;
I
ABSTRACT
With the development of planting industry in our country and improving farmers' consciousness of resource utilization, the processing of straw become a more focus on the current rural problems.Before the farmers generally processing by means of in situ burning straw, such not only wastes the resources but also produces a bad effect on the environment.Traditional agricultural scale in recent years to cash crops as the main body of agriculture, farmers can't focus on straw with large equipment problems as before.So the design of a small corn stalk crusher can not only meet the users deal with the issue of a small amount of straw, will also be able to solve the waste caused by large equipment.
This topic by the author in the research at home and in the university to learn the use of mechanical design and mechanics knowledge, first has carried on the overall structure design and the determination of basic parameters, and then to drive part of the main parts design, followed by designing the structure of mill, finally has carried on the design to the main working parts and check. Through a series of work, designed a model designed for small maize straw crusher user services. Keywords： Straw chopper ; Field; Design;
II
目 录
摘 要 .............................................................................................................................................. I ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................................... II 目 录 .............................................................................................................................................. III 1引言 .................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1玉米秸秆粉碎机设计的背景以及研究现状 ................................................................................... 1 1.2玉米秸秆粉碎机设计的目的及意义 ............................................................................................... 2 2总体结构设计及基本参数的确定 ...................................................................................................... 3 2.1总体结构 ........................................................................................................................................... 3 2.2工作原理 ........................................................................................................................................... 3 2.3电动机的选择 ................................................................................................................................... 4
2.3.1 电动机类型和结构的选择： .................................................................................................. 4
2.3.2 电动机容量选择： .................................................................................................................. 4 2.3.3 确定电动机转速： .................................................................................................................. 5 2.4基本参数计算以及各轴功率、转矩分配 ....................................................................................... 5 2.4.1基本参数的计算 ....................................................................................................................... 5 2.4.2 轴的功率分配 .......................................................................................................................... 6 2.4.3 轴的输出转矩 .......................................................................................................................... 6 2.5玉米秸秆粉碎机主要参数 ............................................................................................................... 7
3传动部分主要零件设计 ..................................................................................................................... 7 3.1带轮几何尺寸的确定 ....................................................................................................................... 7 3.2初选中心距a0 ................................................................................................................................... 8 3.3带的根数 ............................................................................................................................................ 9 3.4 V带轮的材料，结构的确定 ........................................................................................................... 10 4粉碎机结构的设计 ........................................................................................................................... 11 4.1粉碎机入口的设计 .......................................................................................................................... 11 4.2粉碎腔腔体的设计 .......................................................................................................................... 12 4.3出口的设计 ...................................................................................................................................... 12 4.4机架的设计 ...................................................................................................................................... 13 5刀轴的设计 ...................................................................................................................................... 13 5.1刀轴装配方案如图所示: ................................................................................................................ 14 5.2 确定轴的直径和长度 ..................................................................................................................... 14 5.3 轴的材料选择和尺寸的估算 ......................................................................................................... 14 5.4 轴的强度校核 ................................................................................................................................. 15
III
6主要工作部件的设计 ....................................................................................................................... 15 6.1秸秆粉碎刀的工作原理 ................................................................................................................. 15 6.2甩刀的排列方式 ............................................................................................................................. 16 6.3甩刀的选择 ..................................................................................................................................... 16 7总 结 ................................................................................................................................................ 17 致 谢 ........................................................................................................................................... 18 参考文献 ............................................................................................................................................. 19
IV
小型玉米秸秆粉碎机的设计
