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everywhere in ancient cultures，written in Sanskrit，Latin,Greek,Chinese，Egyptian and Sumerian.People in societies of all types weave stories，from oral storytellers in huntergatherer tribes to the millions of writers bringing out books，television shows and movies.And when a characteristic behavior shows up in so many different societies，researchers pay attention：its roots may tell us something about our evolutionary past.
To study storytelling，scientists must first define what constitutes a story,and that can prove tricky.Because there are so many diverse forms,scholars often define story structure，known as narrative，by explaining what it is not.Exposition
contrasts with narrative by being a simple，straightforward explanation,such as a list of facts or an encyclopedia entry.Another standard approach defines narrative as a series of causally linked events that unfold over time.A third definition draws on the typical narrative’s subject matter：the interactions of intentional agents—characters with minds—who possess various motivations.
However narrative is defined，people know it when they feel it.Whether fiction or nonfiction，a narrative engages its audience through psychological
realism—recognizable emotions and believable interactions among characters. “Everyone has a natural detector for psychological realism，”says Raymond A.Mar,assistant professor of psychology at York University in Toronto.“We can tell when something rings false.”But the best stories—those retold through generations and translated into other languages—do more than simply present a believable
picture.These tales attract their audience，whose emotions can be closely tied to those of the story’s characters.Such immersion(沉浸)is a state psychologists
call“narrative transport”.Researchers have only begun figuring out the relations among the variables that can initiate narrative transport.
(1). The passage indicates that storytelling.
(A). is becoming less and less popular in modern societies (B). attracts researchers’attention all through human history (C). is the best way to show the evolutionary past of human beings (D). is a common cultural phenomenon all through the known history
答案：D
(2). The phrase“a characteristic behavior”in Para.1 refers to. (A). telling stories (B). writing books
(C). studying folktales (D). producing movies
答案：A
(3).
Exposition is characterized by.
(A). (B). (C). (D).
答案：C
believable pictures diverse subject matters
a simple and direct explanation a number of causally linked events
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(4). How many approaches are mentioned to define a narrative? (A). One. (B). Two. (C). Three. (D). Four.
答案：C
(5). The best stories attract their audience because they. (A). present a believable picture
(B). express the audience’s emotions (C). are translated into other languages
(D). are retold from generation to generation
答案：B
四、Word Spelling(10 points,1 point for two words)将下列汉语单词译成英语。每 个单词的词类、首字母及字母数目均已给出。请将完整的单词写在答题纸上。
1. 能力，能耐n.a_ _ _ _ _ _
答案：ability
2. 吹嘘，自夸v.b_ _ _ _
答案：boast
3. 取消，删除v.c_ _ _ _ _
答案：cancel
4. 危险的，不安全的a.d_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
答案：dangerous
5. 过多的，过分的a.e_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
答案：excessive
6. 设备；便利n.f_ _ _ _ _ _ _
答案：facility
7. 喂草，放牧v.g_ _ _ _
答案：graze
8. 几乎不，几乎没有ad.h_ _ _ _ _
答案：hardly
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9. 包括，包含v.i_ _ _ _ _ _
答案：include
10. 律师n.l_ _ _ _ _
答案：lawyer
11. 较大的，主要的a.m_ _ _ _
答案：major
12. 国家的，民族的a.n_ _ _ _ _ _ _
答案：national
13. 操作，经营n.o_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
答案：operation
14. 透入，渗入v.p_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
答案：penetrate
15. 拒绝，谢绝v.r_ _ _ _ _
答案：refuse
16. 幸存，存活n.s_ _ _ _ _ _ _
答案：survival
17. 技术员n.t_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
答案：technician
18. 在楼上，往楼上ad.u_ _ _ _ _ _ _
答案：upstairs
19. 老兵，老手n.v_ _ _ _ _ _
答案：veteran
20. 获胜者，优胜者n.w_ _ _ _ _
答案：winner
【评分标准】多写、少写或错写一个字母均为错。
五、Word Form(10 points,1 point each)将括号中的各词变为适当的形式填入空白。 答案写在答题纸上。
1. It was___(care)of her to leave her purse lying on the desk.
答案：careless
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2. The___(frighten)child gripped his mother’s hands tightly.
答案：frightened
3. It might be possible to convert___(explode)energy into heat.
答案：explosive
4. Tom shouted at his wife，“You___(find)fault with me.”
答案：are finding
5. Jack has exerted all his___(strong)to attain his goal.
答案：strength
6. The surface of the earth___(cover)by masses of land and larger areas of water.
答案：is covered
7. Tom was the only one of the lookers-on who___(be)willing to help.
答案：was
8. Unless there’s a storm,we shall set off on our journey tomorrow as___ (plan).
答案：planned
9. The young man was so tired that he fell___(sleep)the moment his head touched
the pillow. 答案：asleep
10. I would rather he___(paint)the wall white next time.
答案：painted
【评分标准】语法错误或拼写错误均不给分。
六、Translation from Chinese into English(15 points,3 points each)将下列各句 译成英语并将答案写在答题纸上。
1. 电脑能帮助解决科学研究中的许多问题。
答案：Computers can help solve a lot of problems in scientific researches.
2. 好书的产生是努力工作的结果。
答案：Good books come about as the result of hard work. Good books are the result of hard work.
3. 问题在于她是否能自己克服这些困难。
答案：The question is whether she herself can overcome these difficulties. The question is whether she can overcome these difficulties on her own.
4. 每个听到那条消息的人都兴奋得跳了起来。
答案：Everybody who had heard the news jumped for joy/with excitement.
5. 你只要不灰心，一定会成功的。
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答案：As long as you dont lose heart,you will succeed. 【评分标准】
(1)主要语法错误（如动词时态、语态、虚拟语气、主谓一致、否定、疑问以及其他句型错误 ）或影响基本句意的重要用词错误扣1分。
(2)非基本语法错误(如介词、代词、冠词、大小写、标点等错误)以及不影响基本句意的用词错 误每两处扣1分。
(3)拼写错误每两处扣1分。拼写错误本大题总扣分不超过3分。 (4)如所用句型与答案不一致，只要语言和意义正确，均应给分。
七、Translation from English into Chinese(15 points)将下列短文译成汉语并将答 案写在答题纸上。
1. Everyone agrees that children’s language learning begins with
listening.However,individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking,and late starters are often long listeners.Most
children will‘obey’spoken instructions some time before they can speak.Before they
can speak，many children also ask questions by gestures and noises.It is agreed that
they enjoy making noises,and that during the first few months one or two noises are considered as a particular indication of delight，distress，sociability,and so on. But since three noises cannot be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate，they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language.It is
agreed，too，that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment，and by six months they are able to add new sounds to their‘speech’.This selfimitation leads on to intentional imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people.Can these imitations be considered as speech?
答案：大家都认同孩子学习语言是从听开始的。不过，各个孩子在开始讲话前听的多少却大不相 同，说话迟的孩子听的时间往往长。大多数孩子在说话前的一段时间都会‘服从’口头指令。许 多孩子在会讲话前还会用某种体势及闹声来提问。人们也同意孩子喜欢发出闹声这一说法，而且 认为在最初几个月，一两声吵闹是快乐、痛苦、友善等的表示。但是因为三声吵闹声还不能说是 孩子想交流，所以还很难被看作是孩子语言的雏形。人们还赞同，三个月左右的孩子以发出各种 声音为乐，到六个月的时候，他们就能在发声时添加新的发音。这种自我模仿将会发展为有意识
地模仿他人的发音和话语。这些模仿能不能被看作是说话呢? 【评分标准】
短文英译汉的评分标准按译文质量分为15~13分、12~10分、9~7分、6~4分和3~1分五个档次。各 档次标准如下：
(1)15~13分。全文翻译正确或基本正确，汉语表达通顺。
(2)12~10分。全文主要内容翻译正确或基本正确，汉语表达通顺，但有少数语句翻译错误。 (3)9~7分。全文不少于一半的内容基本正确，汉语表达尚通顺，有一些语句翻译错误。 (4)6~4分。少部分内容翻译基本正确，有较多的语句翻译错误。 (5)3~1分。仅译对个别句子。
自考英语二历年试题（真题）及答案
