完形填空专项训练
抓好三方面●跨好三大步●做好三结合
------谈完形填空解题技巧 中学生在做完形填空题时存在的问题，概括起来有以下三方面：
1.不善于抓文章的主旨大意，并以此为中心展开对整篇文章的推理、判断，导致理解上出现偏差，甚至和文章的中心相悻。
2.容易受定势思维的影响，对文意分析不透，忽视特定语境中知识的运用。 3.对完形填空题怀有厌倦、 畏惧心理，以至做题时处于应付状态，做题能力得不到提高。 那么，怎样才能提高做完形填空题的能力呢？我们应从以下三方面入手训练思维能力和解题技巧：抓准主旨、透析文意、理清逻辑。并在做题过程中把这三方面与做完形填空的三大步骤“通读、精读、复读”有机结合，明确每步的思维主攻方向。即抓好三方面，跨好三大步，做好三结合。
一、通读短文抓主旨
一般情况下，完形填空短文都不给标题，不容易把握文章的主题和大意。但短文首句通常不设空格，这就为我们窥视文章全貌提供了一个窗口，而尾句往往是文章的总结、结论或点睛之笔，所以抓住开篇启示作用的首句和总结概括性的尾句是必要的。借助于首尾句给予的启示，克服不良心理的影响，满怀信心，全神贯注，目光越过空格，注意能体现文章大意的关键词句，尽力从整体上理解短文大意，这是逐空填词的重要依据和基础。如果一开始就忙于见空填空，势必无法从整体上把握全文概要，无法形成连贯的思路，只见树木不见森林，理解偏离文章的中心，造成顾，此失彼的错误，甚至影响做题速度。
抓住了文章的主旨大意后，我们围绕主旨大意去阅读、预测、推理、判断，往往会收到事半功倍的效果。尤其是一些干扰性强，容易使人犯想当然错误的选项就会迎刃而解。 二、精读短文析文意
在基本抓住文章的主旨后，应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境做深人的理解，克服“定势思维”，根据全文大意和词不离句，句不离文的原则，逐项填空。切不可以单纯的词汇辨析或语法角度去做题，而应以能否恰如其分地表达文意作为选择最佳答案的唯一标准。要吃透文意，理解到位，我们应做到以下几点：
1.从上下文的角度考虑，注意其内在联系。就题论题，断章取义，忽视上下文的信息提示是我们常犯的错误。因此我们在做题时要注重暗含的信息提示，找准突破口，确保文意畅通。
2.从词汇意义及用法、惯用法和搭配的角度去考虑，准确判断。NMET完形填空题中考查词汇意义及用法、惯用法和搭配的题目逐年增多，必须结合上下文把握文意，研读细节，准确认定语境，才能做好这类题目。
3.从逻辑推理、常识等角度考虑，挖掘文章的寓意及隐含意义。尤其是NMET完形填空短文大都包含一定的哲理和寓意，具备深层探询的可能性，这就要求我们既要明确表层意义，还要理解其深层含义。而结合我们已有的生活常识和社会常识去做题，则会有意想不到的效果，因为每个人的能力不是单一的。
4.从英汉两种语言的差异角度去考虑，避免错误。因为我们在英语学习过程中往往伴随“心译”过程，而出题者则会从母语的角度设置干扰项，在做题时一定要意识到这一点，不要受母语影响，借助平时学习中培养起来的语感，灵活处理。
总之，在逐项填空时应根据全文大意和词不离句，句不离文的原则，把上下文的意思、
句法结构、词类和语法功能、惯用法、逻辑推理常识等各种因素加在一起综合考虑，仔细推敲，选中答案。
三、复读全文再检验
在做完一篇完形填空后，文章完整了，应从头至尾读一遍，根据复读的语感和对整篇短文的理解，再次将较明显的错误改正，个别需要推敲的再做调整，力争尽可能少出错。 另外，要做好完形填空，除了具备扎实的基础知识和快速阅读及理解的能力外，良好的心理素质和思维品质也至关重要。我们在平时训练时不能忽视对后者的训练。 在具体的操作中应注意以下的问题： 1）看清上下文，找准定位词
充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。例如：
1. Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very ______ A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous 2）通顺逻辑，寻求搭配
注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。例如：
Here’s a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himself_______ so much money.
A. for B. by C. to D. of
3）扎实基础，搞清辨异
在此类试题的命制上，往往是以同类的词为主，我们不需要去进行具体的辨析，但是我们也要根据文章的意思来进行推断。如：
Soon I heard a________ like that of a door burst in and then a climb of feet. A. sound B. cry C. voice D. shout
When the papers were __________ she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly… A. examined B. completed C. marked D. answered 4）看清执行者，确定所选词
And video cameras can be used to＿＿＿＿＿people’s actions at home. A. keep B. make C. record D. watch 5）寻求上下逻辑，从容确定关系
It has been many years since I was last in London________ still remember something that happened during that visit.
A. and B. for C. but D. as 6）了解生活常识，确定相关知识
(Immediately ) the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the＿＿＿＿＿hospital.
A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest
第一节 完形填空1（共20小题；每小题1 分，满分20分）
A beggar lived near the king’s palace. One day the king was giving a great 21 . Anyone dressed in royal (高贵的) clothes was invited. The beggar felt sad and then he came up to the guard at the 22 , asking to speak to the king.
“ 23 here,” the guard answered. In a few minutes, he was 24 and led the beggar in.
“I want to attend your party, but I have no royal clothes to wear. Please, sir, may I have some of your 25 clothes?” he said to the king. The king smiled and said to his 26 , “Dress him in some of your clothes.”
Soon the beggar was standing 27 a mirror, dressed in clothes he had never dared hope for. “You can attend the party now,” said the prince. “And you will 28 need any other clothes. These clothes will last forever.”
The beggar 29 the prince. As he was about to 30 , he saw his dirty rags (破布) on the floor. What if he would 31 them again? Quickly, he gathered them up.
The party was great, but the beggar couldn’t 32 himself. He had made a bundle (包袱) of his old rags and it 33 falling off. The foods were passed 34 and he missed most of them. Time proved that the prince was 35 . The royal clothes lasted forever. 36 , the beggar grew fonder and fonder of his old rags and carried them everywhere. Gradually, people 37 the royal clothes he was wearing. They even spoke of him as the old man with the rags. One day as he lay dying, the king 38 him. The beggar saw the sad look on the king’s face when he saw the bundle of rags by the 39 . Suddenly, the beggar 40 the rags had cost him a lifetime of true royalty. 21. A. party 22. A. street 23. A. Look 24. A. confident 25. A. expensive 26. A. soldier 27. A. beside 28. A. never
B. lecture B. gate B. Listen B. happy B. cheap B. daughter B. under B. seldom
C. play C. meeting C. Rest C. back C. clean C. son C. on C. sometimes
D. present D. station D. Wait D. gone D. old D. guest D. before D. always
完形填空解题技巧及练习
