80T六梁桥式铸造起重机结构设计的毕业论文

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摘要

六梁铸造起重机是桥式起重机的重要组成部分，是中大型起重设备，由四根主梁和两根端梁组成。本设计采用偏轨箱型主梁，设计过程中从强度、刚度、稳定性三个方面来计算，对于A7工作级别的起重机来说还要进行疲劳强度校核，这就和A6以下工作级别的起重机的设计有了很大的区别，在设计时会出现静强度有很大的富余，在计算局部稳定性的时候还要注意局部轮压的作用，这时候需要验算加劲肋的区格验算，很有可能需要再次验算。设计中在满足刚度、强度、稳定性的前提下，探讨了该机型金属结构受力的空间传递分配规律，推导出力计算公式。本文针对空间桥架力的传递进行探讨，在一定假定条件下，得出主、副梁及主、端梁间的传递规律。

关键词：铸造起重机,应力, 疲劳强度, 稳定性

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Abstract

Casting six beams overhead cranes are an important component part of the medium and large lifting equipment, by the four main girder beams and two-component, the design based on the partial tracks box girder, the design process from the strength, stiffness, Stability three aspects, for the working-level A7 crane will run for calibration. This and the following working-level A6 crane design with vastly different, in the design when there are large static strength of the surplus in the calculation of regional stability but also to the partial pressure of the round, This needs time checking STIFFENER checking the grid, is likely to be checked again. The structure of the crane is composed of the primary centrol girder, the assistant centrol girder, the primary dead-end girder and the assistant dead-end girder according to the trait of the crane. On the advance of the intensity, rigidity and structure supporting the load is studied mainly. At the same time we also include the formulate which is used to calculate the internal force. Some kinds of conditions are assured in order to hold the internal relation between them.

Key words: rigidity, intensity, fatigue strength, stability

第一章总体方案设计

§1.1 原始参数

起重量Q(主/副) /50t 跨度S 22m 工作级别Ai A8 起升高度H(主/副) 20/22m

起升速度V(主/副) 4.5/11.4 m/min

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运行速度(主/副/大车) 36/33.7/73.5 m/min 轮距(主/副/大车) 4080/1850/9800 mm 轨距(主/副/大车) 8700/3000/22000 mm 轮压(主/副/大车) 34500/19640/87600 kg 起重机重量 220t

§1.2总体结构及设计

根据已给参数，此桥式铸造起重机吨位、跨度较大，为减少结构的超静定次数，改善受力，方便运输，选用六梁铰接式结构。结构框架如图(1)

图(1)

§1.3 材料选择及许用应力

根据总体结构，铸造起重机工作级别A8为重级，工作环境温度较高，设计计算时疲劳强度为其首要约束条件，选用Q235-A，考虑起重量较大，主/副梁均采用偏轨箱型梁。

材料的许用应力及性能常数见表1、表2。

表1.1 材料许用应力

板厚 mm >16 正应力??N/mm2? 剪应力??N/mm2? ?b 370 370 ?Ⅰ ?Ⅱ ?Ⅲ ?Ⅰ ?Ⅱ ?Ⅲ 152.0 167.9 184.4 87.76 96.94 106.5 158.8 175.4 192.6 91.7 101.3 111.2 ?16 表1.2 材料性能常数表

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弹性模量E 2.06?105MPa 剪切弹性模量G 7.94?104MPa 密度? 7850kg/m3

§1.4各部件尺寸及截面性质

1. 主主梁尺寸

1??1初选高度H1??:?S=1294~1571mm

?1417?考虑大车运行机构安装在主梁，且主主梁与副主梁的高度差必须满足一定得要求，故将主主梁取为大截面薄钢板的形式，以达到节省材料、重量轻的要求。因此取腹板高度

h?2400mm。

为了省去走台，对宽型偏轨箱型梁H1/B1?1.0:1.5，主主梁腹板侧间距取

B1?2200mm>

L=440mm。 50上下翼缘板厚度?0?18mm，上翼缘板长2530mm，下翼缘板长2326mm

，主腹板厚度

?1?14mm，副腹板厚度 ?2?12mm。上下翼缘板外伸部分长