2012级（1）班
Chaper1 The Basic Concepts Of Words and Vocabulary
I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.
1. ______is the most important of all characteristics of the basic word stock. A.Productivity Stability C.Collocability D.All national character 2. Nonbasic vocabulary includes all of the following except_______ .
A.slang B.Anglo-Saxon words C.argots D.neologisms
3. According to the origins of the words, English words can be classified into _______ .
A.content words and functional words B.native words and borrowed words C.basic words and dialectal words D.loan words and dialectal words 4. Borrowings can be divided into________.
A.liens, semantic loans, translationloans, denizens
B.empty words, notional words, form words, content words C.blends, portmanteau words, acronyms, initializes
D.derivatives, compounds, converted words and clipped words
5. Apart from the characteristics of basic vocabulary, native words have two other features, namely_________.
A.Productivity and stability B.neutrality in style and high frequency in use C.collectability and polysemy D.formality and arbitrariness 6．The word beaver(meaning“girl”)is_______ .
A.a dialectal word B.argot C.an archaism D.slang 7. AIDS as a nonbasic word is_______ .
A.jargon B.an archaism C.aneologism D.slang
8.Form words include the following word classes except_______ . A.conjunctions B.auxiliaries C.prepositions D.adjectives 9. Vocabulary can refer to the following except_______ . A.the total number of the words in alanguage
B.all the words used in a particular historical period C.all the words of a given dialect D.most words a person knows
10.Kimono is a loan word from_______ . A.German B.French C.Spanish D.Japanese
11. _______ form the mainstream of the basic word stock.
A.Anglo-Saxon words B. Frenchwords C.Danish words D.Latin words 12.Black humor is_______ .
A.a translation loan B.a semantic loan C.a denizen D.an alien
13.Pronouns and numerals are semantically_______ and have limited_______ . A.polysemous;use and stability B.monosemous;collocability and stability C.polysemous;use and productivity D.monosemous;productivity andcollectability 14.Indigestion is_______ .
A.jargon B.slang C.terminology D.an archaism
15.By_______ ,words fall into functional words and content words. A.use frequency B.notion C.origin D.word formation
16. The symbolic connection between sound and meaning is almost always_______ . A.motivated B.arbitrary C.logical D.unconventional
17. _______ are loan words that have become assimilated in English. A. Denizens B.Semantic loans C.Translation loans D.Aliens 18.Smoky, which means “police”,is a(n) _______ word. A.slang B.argot C.loan D.jargon
19. Wherein which means “in what”is a(n)word. _______
A.slang B.archaic C.functionalD.dialectal
20.The difference between sound and form due to all the following except _______. A.more phonemes than letters
B. stabilization of spelling by printing C.change of spelling by early scribes D.development of pronunciation
II.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book
1. Lexicology is a branch of linguisticsstudying the origins and_______ of words . 2. A word is a minimal free form of language that has a given sound, meaning and_______ function.
3. In spite of the differences between sound and form,at least_______ percent of the English words fit consistent spelling patterns 4.All the words in language make up its_______ .
5.The_______ word stock is the foundations of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries and form the common core of the language. 6.By_______ ,begin is a native word.
7. _______ vocabulary include cant,jargon and argot.
8. There is no_______ relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself. 9. _______ are the basic units of sentences.
10. Early borrowings are mostly_______ whereas later loan words remain foreign in sound and spelling.
III.Decide whether the following statements are true or false
( )1.A word can be defined in different ways from different points of view. ( )2.Under no circumstances can sound and meaning be intrinsically related. ( )3.The introduction of printing press resulted in a lot more differences between sound and form.
( )4.The words a person can use in speaking and writing form his active vocabulary.
( )5.The principles by which to classify words are usage, notion and origin. ( )6.Native words are more popular than foreign words.
( )7.Native words enjoy the same features as the basic word stock and more. ( )8.audl(meaning “old”)is an instance of archaism. ( )9.Kowtowis a loan word known as an alien.
( )10.Long time no see is a case of translation loan. IV.Give a term for each of the following definitions.
1. Sub-standard words often used on informal occasions.( ) 2. Specialized vocabulary common in certain professions.( )
3. Words used by sub-culturegroups, particularly by understood society.( ) 4. Words that have clear notions.( ) 5. Words of Anglo-Saxon origin.( )
6. Words borrowed by way of translation. ( ) 7. Old words with new meanings.( )
8. Words which have become assimilated.( )
9. Native forms whose meanings are borrowed.( )
10. Words essential to native speakers’ daily communication.( )
V.Answer the following questions .Your answers should be clear and short. 1. What is the relationship between sound and meaning?
2. Why are there so many differences between sound and form? 3. What are the criteria for classification of words?
4. What are the characteristics of the basic word and word stock? [Answers]
I.1.D 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.D 9.D 10.D 11.A 12.A 13.D 14.C 15.B 16.B 17.A 18.A 19.B 20.D
II.1.meanings 2.syntaitic 3.80(eighty) 4.vocabulary 5.basic 6.origin 7.Nonbaic 8.logical 9.Words 10assimilated
III.1.T 2. F 3.T 4.T 5.F 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.T 10.T
IV.1.slang 2.jargon3.argot 4.content words 5.native words 6.translation loans 7.neologisms 8.denizens 9.semantic loan 10.basic word stock V.
1. The relationship is almost always arbitrary and conventional ana there is no
logical connection between sound and meaning.
2. There are four major reasons.(1)The internal reason:the English alphabet was
adopted from the Romans,which have more phonemes than letters,so there is not a separate letter to represent each sound.(2)Pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling.(3)The spelling forms were changed by the early scribes to make theeir writing more recognizable.(4)Borrowing. 3. There are mainly there criteria for classification.Words may fall into:the basic
word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency;content words and functional words by notion;native words and borrowed words by prigin.
4. The basic word stock has five charecteristic:(1)all national
character,(2)stability,(3)productivi- ty,(4)polysemy,(5)productivity.
Chapter2 The Development Of the English Vocabulary
I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.
1. It is assumed that the world has 3000 languages, which can be grouped into
roughly_______ language families on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.
A.200 B.300 C.400 D.500
2. The following languages all belong to the Eastern set except_______ . A.Balto-Slavic B.Indo-Iranian C.Armenian D.Italic
3. In the Eastern set,Armenian and_______ are the sole modern languages in the two respective families.
A.Albanian B.Russian C.Slovenia D.Lithuanian 4.Which language does not belong to the Italic? A.Portuguese. B.Spanish C.Welsh D.French
5.The early inhabitants of the British Isles spoke_______ . A.English B.Celtic C.Scandinavian D.Hellenic
6.The Germanic speakers took permanent control of the land that was later called_______ (the land of Angles).
A.German B.Greece C.England D.American
7.Old English has a vocabulary of about 50000 to 60000 words,which is entirely Germanic with only a few borrowings from_______ and Scandinavian.
A.Latin B.Greek C.Celtic D.French
8.The influx of French words into English did not occur until after_______ .
A.1200 B.1300 C.1400 D.1500
9.In the Middle English period,the three main dialects of the land were Northern, _______ and Midland.
A.Eastern B.Western C.Southern D.Oriental
10. _______ is the chief ancestor of Modern English,not Southern.
A.Eastern B.Western C.Southern D.Oriental
11.The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of_______ words into English.
A.Latin B.Greek C.Danish D.French 12.Middle is an_______ dialect,as its name implies, and intelligible to Northerner and Southerners alike.
A.middle B.intermediate C.interchangeable D.internal
13.The number of_______ words that poured into English was unbelievably great and covered every realm of culture and society in the Middle English period.
A.French B.German C.Latin D.Russian
14.Before English regained social status in Middle English period,those imposer spoke French;those who were literate read and wrote _______ ;those who could educate their children taught them in _______ ;and any young man who sought to earn his living as a scribe learned_______ or_______ .
A.Latin;French;Latin;French B.French;French;French;English C.French;French;Latin;French D.Greek;French;Greek;French 15.In the early period of modern English,Europe saw a new upsurge in learning ancient Greek and Roman classic,which is known in history as the_______ . A.Renewal B.Revival C.Rebound D.Renaissance
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16.Since the beginning of the 20century, particularly after World War II,although borrowing remains channel of English vocabulary expansion,more words are created
by_______ .
A.analogy B.word-formation C.transfer D.conversion
17.The Anglo-Saxon in the Old English period was almost a “_______ ”language,which created new words from its own compound elements with few foreign words.
A.unique B.fashion C.pure D.old
18.As one scholar notes,old English was characterized by “_______ endings”,Middle English by “leveled endings”,and Modern English by “_______ endings”.
A.full ;lost B.lost;full C.full;pure D.pure;lost
19.Old English which was a_______ language has evolved to the present_______ language.
A.analytic;synthetic B.synthetic;analytic C.agglutinative;analytic D.isolating;synthetic
20.Of all the foreign languages from which we have borrowed words,Latin ,Greek,French,and_______ stand out as the major contributors. A.Italian B.German C.Dutch D.Scandinavian
21.In the Pre-Anglo-Saxon period,the words borrowed naturally from reflected the new experience in_______ and _______ .
A.war;economy B.economy;agriculture C.war;shrine D.agriculture
22.In the Old English period,borrowings from Latin came in because of the introduction of Christianity,such as, _______ and _______ .
A.cook;candle B.shrine;sack C.candle;shrine D.mass;circle
23.The_______ centuries were especially prolific in Latin borrowingsunder the influence of Renaissance.
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A.12 and 13 B.13 and 14 C.14 and15th D.15 and 16
24.Some late borrowings from Latin still retain their Latin forms.which of the following was borrowed in the Modern English period?
A.Frustrate B . Focus C.Logic D.Trade 25.Which of the following does not come from Greek?
A.Piano B.Synonym C.Philosophy D.Lexicology 26.Typhoon is from_______ and tatami is from_______ .
A.Chinese;African B.Chinese;Japanese C.Arabic;Turkish D.Malay;Japanese 27.Modern English vocabulary develops through_______ .
A.terminology,analogyand borrowingB.creation,semantic and borrowing
C.creation,archaisms,and semantic changeD.semantic change,denizens and argot 28.Which of the following contemporary English vocabulary is from the rapid growth of science and technology?
A.Fallout B.Pant suit C.Black belt D.Mao jackets
29.The Scandinavian languages:Norwegian,Swedish,Danish,and Icelandic,constitute the_______ branch of the Germanic group.
A.eastern B.western C.northern D.southern
30.Reviving archaic or_______ words also contributes to the growth of English vocabulary though insignificant.
词汇学第一、二章课后习题及答案
