山东省潍坊市2020届高三三轮冲刺微专题：语法填空
A
On January 25,2020,over a billion people in China and millions around the world will celebrate the Chinese New Year,or the Spring Festival.The ancient tradition, 1 date is
determined by the lunar calendar and falls somewhere between January 21 and February 20 each year,is the 2 (long) and most important of all Chinese festivals.
The preparations will 3 (official) begin with Little New Year on January 18,2020.It is observed with a day of memorial ceremonies.Other Little New Year activities include cleaning the house 4 (sweep) away bad luck and hanging spring couplets—red decorations hung in pairs—for wealth.Since red 5 (believe) to keep misfortune and evil spirits away,it can be noticed in everything from clothing to 6 (lantern) used to decorate houses.
Often 7 (consider) the most important meal of the year,the reunion dinner is both delicious and rooted in Chinese tradition. 8 whole chicken symbolizes family
togetherness,while long uncut noodles show longevity(长寿).Wealth is represented by dumplings and spring rolls.Children receive red envelopes filled 9 money and inspiring messages from elders and are often allowed to stay up late to watch the 10 (amaze) fireworks shows.
The two-week long celebrations will end on February 8—the day of the full moon—with the Lantern Festival.
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B
Young women seem to perform worse than men on high-level math tests.That is 1 has confused the educators for ages.
Sexist attitude,including parents’ tendency 2 (teach) numerical concepts to their sons rather than their daughters,may partly account 3 this gender gap.But a new research 4 (lead) by psychologist Rotem Kahalon of Tel Aviv University finds that women did worse on a math test if they had just been exposed to compliments(赞扬) regarding their looks.
The study featured 88 female university students,one third of whom 5 (ask) to recall and write about a situation 6 a man complimented on their looks.Another 7 (three) wrote about a time when they had received a compliment about their skills or intelligence from a man.The final third did not write an essay.
Afterwards,everyone took a short math test.Those who had been complimented on their appearance seemed to perform worse than those in the other two groups.
8 (consider) that Western societies place enormous value on women’s physical
attractiveness,women are far 9 (much) likely to experience this performance-hindering(妨碍) effect.Kahalon and her colleagues hope their findings can raise 10 (aware) about the potential negative consequences of such compliments. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
C
Calligraphy,the art of writing,was the visual art form prized above all others in traditional China.Painting was contemporary with calligraphy,sharing 1 same tools—namely,brush and ink.Yet calligraphy was regarded 2 a fine art long before painting.
The status of calligraphy reflects the importance of the word in China. 3 makes the written words distinctive is its visual form.However,despite its abstract 4
(appear),calligraphy is not an abstract form.Chinese characters are dynamic,closely connected with the forces of nature and the kinesthetic(动觉) energies of the human body.
How can a simple character convey all this?The use of brush and ink 5 (have) much to do with it.A calligrapher can control the 6 (thick) of the ink by varying both the amount of water and the solid ink.Once he starts writing,by loading the brush sometimes with 7 (much) ink or sometimes with less,he creates characters that resemble a shower of rocks here and a drop of dew(露水) there.
The Chinese written language 8 (begin) to develop more than 3,000 years ago and 9 (eventual) evolved into five basic scrip types.Over the centuries,calligraphers were free to write in any of them, 10 (depend) on the text’s function.The calligraphic tradition remains alive today.
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D
Litter is everywhere,doing great harm 1 the environment and life on our planet.Jeff Kirschner,who wants to build a litter-free world,started a global community named Litterati 2 (settle) this problem.
The story began with his 6-year-old daughter.One day they were going on a hike when the girl noticed a 3 (break) plastic tub(浴盆) in a river.She said,“Daddy,that doesn’t go there.” That took Kirschner by surprise.He,like many adults,had become so used to the rubbish around them that he hadn’t given it a second look. 4 his daughter said reminded him of the serious problem our planet faces.
Jeff started to take 5 (act).He created Litterati,an app that makes it fun to pick up
litter.The idea is 6 (fair) simple.Spot a piece of trash,take a photo,post the photo online and then put the litter into dustbins.
7 (see) that Jeff was keeping a record of the positive impact he was having on the planet,people worldwide started participating.Up to now,over 2,500,000 photos posted by 3,500 people from over 40 countries 8 (find) their way to Litterati’s digital landfill.
Litterati is more than an app.It is a highly 9 (effect) solution to a pressing
issue.Wherever you live,whatever you do and 10 you are,join Litterati to make the world a cleaner and healthier place to live in.
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E
Letters as a way of communication have long given way to phone calls and WeChat
messages.But a TV show,Letters Alive,is helping bring this old way to keep in touch back 1 the present.
Letters Alive took 2 (it) idea from a UK program,Letters Live,released in 2013.Both 3 (show) feature famous actors and actresses,but there 4 (be) no eye-catching visual
effects or any regular showbiz(娱乐圈) activities.Instead,it’s just a live event 5 remarkable letters selected from a wide time length and a diverse range of subjects are read.There is,for example,a letter from artist Huang Yongyu to the famous writer Cao Yu 30 years ago to criticize his lack of 6 (create).
Every letter is like a small piece of history.By hearing them 7 (read),it’s as if we are being sent back in time to experience a moment that we would otherwise never have had the chance to.
Compared to 8 (publish) texts,letters also 9 (natural) come with a personal touch.As well as celebrating the pain,joy,wisdom and humor,Letters Alive 10 (commit) to promoting Chinese literature since the first run.
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F
When Robert Lee was in primary school,he hated to see his classmates throwing away half-eaten sandwiches after lunch.His parents had taught him and his older brother not to waste food.“They said it was bad,” says Robert,27.
While 1 (study) finance and accounting at New York University,Robert remembered this lesson and joined Two Birds One Stone,a food rescue club at school 2 delivered,five days a week,uneaten pasta,vegetables and other leftovers (剩余食物) from the dining hall to nearby homeless 3 (shelter).
When Robert and fellow club member Louisa Chen entered a college 4 (compete),they came up with a slightly different idea for a food rescue non-profit group— 5 (it) program
wouldn’t have a donation minimum,would operate seven days a week,and would be staffed 6 (entire) by volunteers.
Surprisingly, 7 idea stood out.Robert and Louisa Chen won the first place. 8 the $1,000 prize,they founded Rescuing Leftover Cuisine (RLC) in July 2018.In just the first few weeks,Robert’s team delivered a donation of enough noodles and meatballs to feed 20 people in line at a New York City homeless shelter that had run out of food.Only a year into his finance job,Robert gave up his six-figure salary 9 (focus) on RLC.So far the organization 10 (reach) sixteen cities around the country.
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A
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。短文主要介绍了中国传统节日——春节的相关内容。 1.whose 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格后是非限制性定语从句,由意义可知,名词后需要定语,故填whose,表示“春节的日期”。 2.longest 考查形容词最高级。空格前的“the”和空格后的“most important”都暗示了答案,即应使用形容词最高级。
3.officially 考查副词。分析句子结构可知,此处应使用副词officially(正式地)修饰动词begin。
4.to sweep 考查不定式。由句意并分析句子结构可知,此处应使用不定式作目的状语。 5.is believed 考查被动语态。由句意“红色被认为……”,再根据上下文时态可知应使用一般现在时的被动语态。
6.lanterns 考查名词复数。lantern(灯笼)为可数名词,其前无限定词,故应使用复数形式。 7.considered 考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知,逻辑主语the reunion dinner和consider之间是被动关系,故填过去分词形式。
8.A 考查冠词。此处chicken是可数名词,第一次在文中出现泛指“一只整鸡”,且whole的发音以辅音音素开头,故填不定冠词A。
9.with 考查介词。由句意可知,空格处表示“装满钱的信封”,使用的是be filled with(充满……)这一短语。
10.amazing 考查词形转换。由句意可知,此处表示“令人惊叹的烟花秀”,故填amazing。
B
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。短文主要介绍了心理学家Rotem Kahalon所主持的一项研究发现:来自男士的表扬会对女士的数学学习有着潜在的负面影响。 1.what 考查连词。由句意“这就是让教育者困惑了多年的情况”可知,此处应填连词what引导表语从句。
2.to teach 考查不定式。由句意和句子结构可知,空格处应使用不定式作后置定语,修饰前面的名词tendency;tendency to do意为“做……的倾向”。
3.for 考查介词。由句意可知,空格处表示“部分地解释了性别差异的原因”;account for是固定短语,意为“是……的原因;说明”。
4.led 考查过去分词。由句意“由心理学家主持的一项新研究”,并分析句子结构可知,空格处应填过去分词形式作后置定语,修饰前面的名词research。
5.were asked 考查被动语态和主谓一致。由句子结构和意义可知,主谓之间是被动关系,上下文暗示应使用一般过去时,主语one third of whom代指前面的先行词students,故填were asked。
6.where 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格后是定语从句,先行词是situation,关系词在句中作状语,故填where。 7.third 考查数词。由上一句中“one third of...”和本句意思可知,此处表示“另外三分之一”,故填third。
8.Considering 考查动词-ing形式。由句意可知,空格处表示“考虑到西方社会极其重视妇女的外表吸引力”,应填动词-ing形式considering。
9.more 考查形容词比较级。由句意可知,空格处表示“女士更有可能经历这种妨碍数学表现的因素”,故填more。
10.awareness 考查词形转换。由句意可知,空格处表示“提高对这种赞扬潜在的负面影响的认识”,即空格处应填名词awareness。
C
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。短文主要介绍了中国传统文化艺术——书法的艺术特点,它在中国的地位反映了文字在中国的重要性。
1.the 考查冠词。由句意可知,此处表示“同样的工具”,same 之前总是使用定冠词the。 2.as 考查介词。空格处表示“被看作……”,而be regarded as是固定短语,故填介词as。 3.What 考查连词。分析句子结构可知,空格所在部分是主语从句,根据句意可知应填连词what。
4.appearance 考查词性转换。由句意及空格前的形容词abstract可知,此处应填名词形式appearance(外观)。
5.has 考查时态和主谓一致。此处句子介绍一种客观情况,意为“笔墨的使用与此有很大关系”,句子的主语是单数概念,故谓语动词使用has。 6.thickness 考查词性转换。由空格前的the和空格后的of可知,此处应填名词形式,因而填thickness。
7.more 考查形容词比较级。根据本句空格后面的“sometimes with less”这一信息可知,此处表示“运用更多的墨水”,故填more。
8.began 考查动词时态。由句中“3,000 years ago”这一信息可知,句子陈述的是过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时。 9.eventually 考查副词。由句意可知,应使用副词eventually修饰其后的动词短语evolved into(演变成……)。
10.depending 考查动词-ing形式。此处句意为“几个世纪以来,书法家可以自由地使用任何一种类型,这取决于文本的功能”;depending on...是动词-ing形式短语,也是固定用法,意为“取决于……” 。
D
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍Jeff Kirschner在女儿一句话的启发下,开发了一个捡拾垃圾的应用软件的相关情况。
1.to 考查介词。由句意可知,垃圾对环境有害,而do harm to...是固定搭配,故填介词to。 2.to settle 考查动词不定式。分析句子成分并结合句意可知,空格处应使用不定式作目的状语。
3.broken 考查过去分词。由句意可知,空格处表示“女孩注意到河里有个破裂的浴盆”,因此应填broken。
4.What 考查名词性从句。此处表示“他女儿所说的话”,故应使用what引导主语从句。 5.action 考查词性转换。由句意可知,空格处表示“采取行动”,再根据空格前动词take可知,其后应接名词,故填action。
6.fairly 考查副词。由句意可知,此处表示“相当简单”,故填副词fairly(相当,很)修饰其后的形容词fair。
7.Seeing 考查动词-ing形式。分析句子成分并结合句意可知,空格处应使用分词短语作时间状语,逻辑主语people 和see这一动作之间有主谓关系,故填动词-ing形式“Seeing”。 8.have found 考查动词时态。由句首时间状语“Up to now(迄今为止)”可知,此处表示一个已经完成且对现在有影响的动作,应使用现在完成时,故填have found。 9.effective 考查形容词。由空格前的a和空格后的名词solution可知,空格处应填形容词 effective(有效的)作定语。
10.whoever 考查连接代词。由句意再结合句首“Wherever you live,whatever you do”这一信息可知,空格处应填写whoever,表示“无论你是谁”。
E
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。短文主要介绍了电视节目《见字如面》的有关情况。
山东省潍坊市2020届高三三轮冲刺微专题：语法填空
