专题 05 (hand - luckily)
【学】
词性转换—识其形，知其意
H
hand n.& v n手，手艺；帮助；指针；插手，vt. 传递，交给；支持；搀扶 handful n. . 少数；一把；棘手事 happiness n. 幸福
happy adj. 幸福的；高兴的
hard adv. &adj. adj努力的；硬的；困难的；辛苦的；确实的；严厉的；猛烈的；冷酷无情的， hardly adv. 几乎不，简直不；刚刚 hardship n. 困苦；苦难；艰难险阻
harm n.& v. 伤害；损害vt. 伤害；危害；损害 harmful adj. 有害的；能造成损害的 health n. 健康；卫生；保健；兴旺 healthy adj. 健康的，健全的；有益于健康的 hear v. 听到，听；听说；审理 hearing n. 听力；审讯，听讯
help v & n n. 帮助；补救办法；帮忙者；有益的东西vt. 帮助；促进；治疗；补救 helpful adj. 有帮助的；有益的
her pron. 她（she的宾格）；她的（she的所有格）；她（指某个国家；一艘船） herself pron. 她自己（she的反身代词）；她亲自
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him pron. 他（宾格）
himself pron. 他自己；他亲自，他本人 hope n.& v. 希望；希望能够 hopeful. adj. 有希望的；有前途的 hopeless adj. 绝望的；不可救药的
humorous adj. 诙谐的，幽默的；滑稽的，可笑的 humor=humour n. 幽默=幽默 hunger n. 饿，饥饿；渴望
hungry adj. 饥饿的；渴望的；荒年的；不毛的
I
identification n. 鉴定，识别；认同；身份证明
identify v. 确定；鉴定；识别，辨认出；使参与；把……看成一样
import n.& v进口，进口货；输入；意思，含义；重要性vt. 输入，进口；含…的意思 important adj. 重要的，重大的；有地位的；有权力的 importance n. 价值；重要；重大；傲慢
impression n. 印象；效果，影响；压痕，印记；感想；曝光（ impress v. 盖印；强征；传送；给予某人深刻印象 independence n. 独立性，自立性；自主
independent adj. 独立的；单独的；无党派的；不受约束的 inform v. 通知；告诉；报告
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information n. 信息，资料；知识；情报 injure v. 伤害，损害 injury. n. 伤害，损害；受伤处 instruct v. 指导；通知；命令；教授
instruction n. . 指令，命令；指示；教导；用法说明 intend v. 打算；想要；意指 intention n. 意图；目的；意向
interest n. 兴趣，爱好；利息；利益；趣味；同行 interesting adj. 有趣的；引起兴趣的，令人关注的 introduce v. 介绍；引进；提出；采用 introduction n. 介绍；引进；采用；入门；传入 invent v. 发明；创造；虚构
invention n. 发明；发明物；虚构；发明才能 invite v. . 邀请，招待；招致
invitation n. 邀请；引诱；请帖；邀请函 J
judge n.& v n. 法官；裁判员；鉴定人v. 判断；猜测（大小、数量等）；裁判；评价；审判，判决 judg(e)ment n. . 判断；裁判；判决书；辨别力
kind adj. adj. 和蔼的；宽容的；令人感激的
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kindness n. 仁慈；好意；友好的行为
L
large adj. 大的；多数的；广博的
enlarge v扩大；放大
laugh v. 笑，发出笑声；笑着说 laughter n. 笑；笑声
law n. 法律；规律；法治；法学；诉讼；司法界；戒律；守则；准则 lawyer n. . 律师；法学家
lead n.& v n. 领导；铅；导线；榜样vt. leader n. 领导者；首领；指挥者 leave v. t. 离开；留下；遗忘；委托
领导；致使；引导；指挥
left adj. & adv. & n adj. 左边的；左派的；剩下的adv. 在左面n. 左边；左派；激进分子 liberty n. 自由；许可；冒失 liberation n. 释放，解放 literature n. 文学；文献；文艺；著作 literary adj. 文学的；书面的；精通文学的
live v.& adj. 居住；生存，活着；生活；留存，铭记；生长，栖息；以……为生； lively adj. 活泼的；生动的；真实的；生气勃勃的 lose v. . 浪费；使沉溺于；使迷路；遗失；错过
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loss n. 减少；亏损；失败；遗失 luck n 运气；幸运；带来好运的东西 lucky adj. (反unlucky ) 幸运的；侥幸的 luckily adv. 幸好，侥幸；幸运地
Part I写出括号内单词的正确形式。
1. This is the only effectual way to secure our present and future________ (happy) . 2. Far from being relaxed, we both felt so uncomfortable we________ (hard)spoke.
3. Smoking is not only________ (harm) to smokers themselves, but also threatens other people's health,
especially to women and children..
4. A survey showed people were confused about what they should eat to stay________ (health). 5. The surgery she needed to save her life would cause her to lose her ________ (hear)forever. 6. It is agreed that the Internet is a very________ (help) tool for education.
7. He was ________ (hope) that by sitting together they could both see sense and live as good neighbours. 8. None of us are ________ (hope) and we all have the power within ourselves to recover.
9. In my opinion, good friends have certain characteristics in common. They are considerate and ________
(humor).
10. I was so________ (hunger ) all the time that I could not keep the diet up for longer than a month. 11. You must collect the mail in person and take along some form of________ (identify). 12. China has been stressing the________ (important) of its ties with third world countries. 13. They gave me the ________ (impress) that they were doing exactly what they wanted in life. 14. Single parents tend to grant more ________ (independent) to their children than other parents do.
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15. That should contain more detailed________ (inform) on what went wrong.
16. Alex Grady is a martial（武术） expert chosen to come out of retirement after a shoulder ________ (injure) to represent America against Korea.
17. You will get a perfect result time after time if you follow these________ (instruct) .
18. She may be cynical about the film industry, but ultimately she has no________ (intend) of biting the hand that feeds her.
19. You will be successful in whatever you do and you will have a very full and ________ (interest) life. 20. The book is a friendly, down-to-earth________ (introduce) to physics.
21. The fundamental problem lies in their inability to distinguish between reality and ________ (invent). 22. Their ________ (invent) have contributed to the development of electrical engineering. 23. If it had not been for his________ (invite) the other day, I should not be here now. 24. Don't let your ________ (judge) be coloured by personal feelings.
25. We sowed seeds of friendship and watered them with ________ (kind) and patience.
26. For me, this program not only ________ (large) my eyes about Chinese food, but also helps me know more about my own country.
27. Outside the boys were sitting on the ground and, judging by the gales(阵阵) of ________ (laugh), they were having a ball.
28. Her ________ (law) say she should be compensated for the suffering she had been caused. 29. We now need a new ________ (lead) of the party and a new style of leadership.
30. The first car after China's ________ (liberty) as well as the first express highway came into existence here. 31. She has published more than 20 books including novels, poetry and ________ (literature) criticism.
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32. He has a________ (live) sense of humour and appears naturally confident.
33. While many people insure against death, far fewer take precautions against long-term ________ (lose) of income because of sickness.
34. The two officers were extremely ________ (luck) to escape serious injury.
35. But humankind is ________ (luck) luckier than most species. It has the advantage of being able to think ahead, and to prepare for the changes to come.
36. He was desperate when he lost all his money. ________ (lucky), a kind man helped him generously. Part II阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Text1
（2024·浙江台州·高三月考）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Do you have a library in your classroom? If you consider a classroom library 1． a cozy and welcoming space where students can read quietly or browse (浏览) through a rich 2．(collect) of texts, you are only partly correct. They are, in the broadest sense, the backbone of many classroom3． (activity).
Generally a classroom library 4． (equip) with books and other media materials to support students’ daily learning. This provides a place for teachers to teach and children to learn. An effectively 5． (design) classroom library also helps students locate books 6． (easy) and gives them room to enjoy themselves.
Further an in-class library offers a setting for students to read aloud and have a discussion 7． (provide) a perfect opportunity for the teacher to give 8． informal assessment of each students reading.
The classroom library is a gathering place 9． students and teachers can express their lives as readers. Here, reading is 10． exciting and fascinating that students can’t wait to get to it.
Text 2
（2024·广东高三月考）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Different places have different climates. A desert, for example, 11．（ refer） to as a dry climate because little water falls during the year. In polar regions, however, rising global temperatures 12． with climate change （associate）mean that ice sheets and glaciers are melting at an accelerated rate from season to season. This contributes to sea level rise in 13． regions of the planet. Together with expanding ocean waters due to rising temperatures, the （ difference）rise in sea level has begun to damage coastlines 14． a result of increasing flooding.
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The cause of current climate change is largely human activities, like burning fossil fuels, 15．include natural gas, oil, and coal. Burning these materials 16．（ release） greenhouse gases into the Earth’s atmosphere. These gases trap heat from the sun's rays inside the atmosphere, 17．（cause） the Earth's average temperature to rise. The warming of the planet impacts local and 18． climates. Throughout the Earth's history, climate has 19．（ region ）（ continual ）changed. When occurring naturally, this is 20． slow process that has taken place over hundreds or thousands of years. The human influenced climate change that is happening now is occurring at a much faster rate.
Text 3
（2024·四川宜宾·高三月考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Starting from November 1st, people will be knocking on doors across the country 21．(collect) personal information. This is for the 22．(seven) national population census (人口普查). Normally, the Chinese population census takes place every 10 years. It gathers data including name, age, ID number, gender, education, marital status 23． housing situation.
This year, about 7,000,000 staff will visit homes for registration work. New methods—online information registration will also be used during this census. 24．(compare) with previous surveys, new methods will be 25． (convenience) for people not living 26． they are officially registered, and who do not want to be bothered by census takers’ door-to-door surveys. The data 27． (expect) to give a full picture of the population—its size, structure and distribution and recent changes.
The census provides support for making national development policies and it has a large impact 28． our lives. For instance, areas with a higher number of children may receive 29．(much) funding for public schools. The results can be used to investigate population trends in different cities. The census will help find out 30． number of foreigners living in China and can also tell how many Chinese people have moved to other countries.
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Part I写出括号内单词的正确形式。
1.答案：happiness这是确保我们现在和未来幸福的唯一有效途径。
2.答案：hardly我们俩非但没有放松，反而觉得很不舒服，我们几乎没说话。
3.答案： harmful 吸烟不仅对吸烟者本身有害，而且对公共健康，尤其对妇女和儿童的健康造成威胁。 4.答案：healthy一项调查表明人们对于保持健康该吃什么很困惑。 5.答案：hearing这个能让她保住性命的手术将会导致她永远丧失听力。 6.答案：helpful人们一致认为，互联网是一种非常有帮助的教育工具。
7.答案：hopeful他希望通过坐在一起沟通，他们双方都能认识到自己的错误，成为和睦相处的好邻居。 8.答案：hopeless我们中没有人是无望的，我们都可以从我们身上找到力量去复原。 9.答案：humorous 在我看来，优秀的朋友有一些共同的特点。他们体贴、幽默。 10. 答案：hungry我总是饿，所以我的节食一个月后就继续不下去了。 11. 答案：identification你必须亲自去取邮件，并带上某种身份证明。 12. 答案：importance中国一贯强调与第三世界国家联系的重要。
13. 答案：impression他们给我的印象是，他们正在做他们一生中想做的事情。 14. 答案：independence单亲父母往往比其他父母给予孩子们更多的自主性。 15. 答案：information其中应该包含有关出错情况的更详细信息。
16. 答案：injury艾利克斯·格莱迪是一位武术家，他肩部受伤后复出，代表美国对抗韩国。 17. 答案：instructions如果你遵循这些用法说明，每次都会得到最佳的效果。 18. 答案：intention她也许会对电影业冷嘲热讽，但终究不打算恩将仇报。
19. 答案：interesting你在你做的任何事情中都会很成功，你会拥有非常充实而有趣的生活。 20. 答案：introduction这是一本简明、实用的物理学入门书。 21. 答案：invention主要问题在于他们不能区分现实和虚构。 22. 答案：inventions他们的发明有助于电气工程学的发展。
23. 答案：invitation如果不是因为前几天他的邀请，我现在就不会在这里了。 24. 答案：judgement不要让你的判断受到个人感情的影响。
25. 答案：kindness我们播下友谊的种子，用善意和耐心浇灌它们。
26. 答案：enlarges对我来说，这个节目不仅丰富了我对中国菜的了解，而且还帮助我了解自己的国家。 27. 答案：laughter男孩子们在外面席地而坐，从他们发出的阵阵笑声来看，他们玩得很开心。 28. 答案：lawyers她的律师说她应该为所遭受的痛苦得到赔偿。
29. 答案：leader我们现在需要一个新的政党领导人和一种新的领导风格。 30. 答案：liberation中国解放后的第一辆车和第一条高速公路就在这里诞生了。 31. 答案：literary她已出版了二十多本书，其中包括小说、诗歌和文学评论。 32. 答案：lively他有一种生动的幽默感，看起来大方自信。
33. 答案：loss虽然许多人买人寿险，但很少有人采取预防措施以避免因疾病而造成的长期收入损失。 34. 答案：lucky那两名官员非常幸运地逃过了严重伤害。
35. 答案：luckier人类比大多数物种幸运，他具备超前思考，未雨绸缪的优势。
36. 答案：Luckily他把所有的钱都丢了，陷入了绝望的境地。幸好一个好心人慷慨地帮助了他。 Part II
1．as2．collection3．activities4．is equipped5．designed 6．easily7．providing8．an9．where10．so
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了教室图书馆的作用和意义。
1．考查介词。句意：如果你认为教室图书馆是一个温馨舒适的空间，学生可以安静地阅读或浏览丰富的文本，你只对了一部分。根据consider a classroom library可知此处要用介词as，consider…as…“认为、把…看作”。故填as。
2．考查名词。句意：如果你认为教室图书馆是一个温馨舒适的空间，学生可以安静地阅读或浏览丰富的文本，你只对了一部分。根据形容词rich 可知此处要用名词。故填collection。
3．考查名词的复数。句意：从最广泛的意义上说，他们是许多课堂活动的支柱。根据形容词many可知此处要用名词的复数形式，且activity是可数名词。故填activities。
4．考查时态和语态。句意：教室图书馆一般配备书籍和其他媒体材料，以支持学生的日常学习。短语equip with“装备，配备”，文章的时态是一般现在时，根据主语为a classroom library，可知此处要用被动语态。故填is equipped。
5．考查形容词。句意：一个有效设计的教室图书馆也可以帮助学生轻松地找到书籍，给他们自己的空间去享受。根据副词effectively可知此处要用形容词，designed“精心设计的”。故填designed。
6．考查副词。句意：一个有效设计的教室图书馆也可以帮助学生轻松地找到书籍，给他们自己的空间去享
受。根据helps students locate books可知此处要用副词。故填easily。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，课堂图书馆为学生提供了大声朗读和讨论的环境，为老师提供了一个完美的机会来对每个学生的阅读进行非正式评估。根据have a discussion 可知此处要用非谓语动词，且discussion与provide之间是主动关系，因此要用现在分词形式，作状语 。故填providing。
8．考查冠词。句意：此外，课堂图书馆为学生提供了大声朗读和讨论的环境，为老师提供了一个完美的机会来对每个学生的阅读进行非正式评估。根据名词assessment可知此处要用不定冠词，由形容词informal /?n?f??ml/是以元音因素开头，可知要用an，表示“一个”。故填an。
9．考查定语从句的关系词。句意：课堂图书馆是师生以读者的身份表达生活的聚集地。此处是一个定语从句，先行词为place ，指地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语，因此要用关系副词where。故填where。 10．考查副词。句意：在这里，阅读是如此令人兴奋和迷人，以至于学生们都迫不及待地去阅读。根据exciting and fascinating that可知此处要用副词so，此处是so…that…“如此…以至于…”的用法。故填so。 Text 2
11．is referred12．associated13．different14．as15．which 16．releases17．causing18．regional19．continually20．a
本文是说明文。文章介绍了全球气温升高导致海平面上升以及人类活动对气候产生的影响。
1.考查动词一般现在时和被动语态。句意：例如，沙漠指的是干燥的气候，因为一年中很少有降水。本段主体时态为一般现在时, 主语A desert不能直接发出refer to（谈及, 说起）的动作, 所以此处用被动, be referred to as（被称作, 被认为是）。故填is referred。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在极地地区，与气候变化相关的全球气温上升意味着冰原和冰川每一季都在加速融化。本句已有谓语“mean”, 此处应为非谓语, 所填词作后置定语, 与逻辑主语形成动宾关系。故填associated。
3.考查形容词。句意：这导致了地球上不同地区的海平面上升。分析句子结构并结合语境可知, 这导致了地球上不同地区的海平面上升。修饰名词regions用形容词，故填difference的形容词形式different。 4.考查介词。句意：再加上气温上升导致海水不断膨胀，海平面上升已经开始因洪水不断增加而破坏海岸线。as a result of 为固定短语, 意为“因为, 由于”。故填as。
5.考查定语从句。句意：造成当前气候变化的主要原因是人类活动，比如燃烧化石燃料，包括天然气、石油和煤炭。分析句子结构可知, 此处考查非限制性定语从句, 先行词为fossil fuels, 指物, 空格处在从句中作主语。故填which。
6.考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：燃烧这些物质会向地球大气中释放温室气体。单个的动名词短语作主
语, 谓语动词用单数, 本段主体时态为一般现在时。故填releases。
7.考查非谓语动词。句意：这些气体将来自太阳射线的热量困在大气中，导致地球平均温度上升。句子主干为These gases trap heat…, 空格处应用非谓语动词, 此处作主句的结果状语, 应用现在分词形式。故填causing。
8.考查形容词。句意：地球变暖影响着当地和区域气候。根据and可知, 空格处与local并列, 故用形容词修饰后面的名词climates。故填regional。
9.考查副词。句意：纵观地球的历史，气候一直在不断变化。此处用副词修饰动词changed。故填continually。 10.考查冠词。句意：当自然发生时，这是一个缓慢的过程，已经发生了数百年或数千年。process是可数名词, 意为“过程, 进程”。此处表示“一个”且slow开头是辅音因素，故填不定冠词a。 Text 3
21．to collect22．seventh23．and24．Compared25．convenient 26．where27．is expected28．on/upon29．more30．the
这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了第七次全国人口普查相关情况。
21．考查动词不定式。句意：从11月1日开始，全国各地都会有人上门来收集个人信息。此处用动词不定式（to do）表目的，指目的是收集个人信息。故填to collect。
22．考查序数词。句意：这是第七次全国人口普查。由句意可知，此处指第七次全国人口普查，用序数词。故填seventh。
23．考查连词。句意：它收集的数据包括姓名、年龄、身份证号码、性别、教育程度、婚姻状况和住房状况。housing situation和name, age, ID number, gender, education, marital status是并列关系，用并列连词and。故填and。
24．考查过去分词。句意：与以往的调查相比，新的方法将方便那些不住在他们正式登记的地方的人，也不想被人口普查人员挨家挨户的调查所困扰的人。本句已有谓语will be且无连词，其它动词用非谓语形式，主语new methods和动词compare是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词表被动，作状语，首字母大写。故填Compared。
25．考查形容词。句意：与以往的调查相比，新的方法将方便那些不住在他们正式登记的地方的人，也不想被人口普查人员挨家挨户的调查所困扰的人。be是系动词，后接形容词作表语，用形容词convenient。故填convenient。
26．考查状语从句。句意：以往的调查相比，新的方法将方便那些不住在他们正式登记的地方的人，也不想被人口普查人员挨家挨户的调查所困扰的人。结合句意和句子结构可知，此处应用where引导地点状语从
句，修饰动词living。故填where。
27．考查时态和语态。句意：预计这些数据将全面反映人口情况——人口规模、结构和分布以及最近的变化。此处缺乏谓语，本文讲的是现在事实，时态用一般现在时，主语The data和谓语expect是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，data是不可数名词，谓语用单数形式。故填is expected。
28．考查介词。句意：人口普查为制定国家发展政策提供了支持，它对我们的生活产生了重大影响。固定搭配have an impact on/upon sth.（对某事有影响），用on/upon。故填on/upon。
29．考查比较级。句意：例如，儿童人数较多的地区可能会得到更多的公立学校资助。由前面的比较级higher可知，此处指“儿童人数较多的地区可能会得到更多的公立学校资助”，用比较级more，表“更…… ”。故填more。
30．考查冠词。句意：这项普查将有助于了解在中国居住的外国人的数量，也可以知道有多少中国人移居其他国家。固定搭配the number of sth.（某物的数量），用定冠词the。故填the。
专题05-备考2024年高考英语考纲内派生词词性转换学与练 - 图文
