2016届高考英语完形填空议论文与说明文备考范例
完形填空之说明文文体
Step I 说明文类完形填空的命题特点
说明文类完形填空题常就某一个问题从不同的角度来加以说明，文章可以是用来说明某一个存在的社
会现象、一个产品的制作过程、一种产品的使用方法、某个科学成就或人类生活中所面临的某个具体的难题。说明文所呈现的方式较为单一，作者往往一开始就交代说明的对象，然后再从不同的角度进行说明。由于以上特点，这类文章的每一段通常就是其中的一个角度或侧面，所以要注意概括每一个段落的主旨大意，尤其是文章每一段的开头或结尾，作者往往对说明的话题进行概括说明。
Step II 2012·年全国新课标卷的完形填空试题（说明文）
Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks __36__ than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more __37__ than we realize. In fact, non－verbal communication (非言语交际) takes up about 50% of what we really __38__.And body language is particularly __39__ when we attempt to communicate across cultures (文化)．Indeed, what is called body language is so __40__ a part of us that it's actually often unnoticed.
And misunderstandings occur as a result of it.__41__， different societies treat the __42__ between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having __43__ contact (接触) even with friends, and certainly not with __44__.People from Latin American countries, __45__， touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, it's possible that in __46__， it may look like a Latino is __47__ a Norwegian all over the room. The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving __48__.The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep __49__ — which the Latino will in return regard as __50__.
Clearly, a great deal is going on when people __51__.And only a part of it is in the words themselves. And when parties are from __52__ cultures, there's a strong possibility of __53__.But whatever the situation, the best __54__ is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be __55__. 36. A. straighter B. louder C. harder D. further
37. A. sands B. invitations C. feelings D. messages
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38. A. hope B. receive C. discover D. mean 39. A. immediate B. misleading C. important D. difficult 40. A. wep B. far C. much D. long 41. A. For example B.Thus C.However D. In short 42. A. trade B.distance C. connections D. greetings 43. A. eye B. verbal C. bodily D. telephone 44. A. strangers B. Relatives C. neighbours D. Enemies
45. A. in other words B. on the other hand C. in a similar way D. by all means 46. A. trouble B. conversation C. silence D. experiment 47. A. disturbing B. Helping C. guiding D. following 48. A. closer B. faster C. in D. away
49. A. stepping forward B. going on C. backing away D. coming out 50. A. weakness B. carelessness C. friendliness D. coldness 51. A. talk B. travel C. laugh D. think 52. A. different B. European C. Latino D. rich
53. A. curiosity B. excitement C. misunderstanding D.nervousness 54. A. chance B. time C. result D. advice 55. A. noticed B. treated C. respected D. pleased
Step III 解答说明文类完形填空的应试策略 （以2012年完形试题为例）
1．利用说明文的首句查找说明主体
说明文一般开头点题，即作者往往在首句直接提出说明对象。这篇文章的首句为： Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all！故文章说明的主体就是“body language”。 2．把握说明文的两种结构模式
(1)总分式。包括“总—分、分—总、总—分—总”等具体形式。
本篇文章采用“总—分—总”模式，即先说明“body language”的重要性，然后用跨文化交流的一个例子来说明，即“Northern Europeans”和“People from Latin American countries”在交流中的“body language”，最后作总结。
(2)递进式。事理说明文多用递进式结构，一层一层地剖析事理。具体包括：
空间顺序——从上到下、从外到内、从左到右、从南到北、从远到近、从中间到四周、从整体到部分； 时间顺序——按照时间先后顺序来安排，事物都有发生、发展、消亡的过程；
逻辑顺序——有些说明文主要是剖析事理的，在说明时就按照事理的逻辑关系进行安排，或者从主到次、
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从浅到深、从原因到结果，具有严密的条理性。
Step IV 解答说明文类完形填空的3个解题步骤
第一步：通过短文首尾句抓主旨
说明文的篇首会出现话题中心，通过首段可把握文章的主题；而尾句往往是文章的结论或点睛之笔。利用开篇启示作用的首句和总结概括性的尾句可以概括出本篇文章的大意：身势语在交际中的重要性，并举了一些相关的例子。
第二步：填空时关注段落或意群间的内在联系 文章第一段可以分为三个意群。
第一个意群为前两句，提出“body language”的重要性超过了语言，故__36__题自然成为louder； 第二个意群第3、4句，从专家的角度列举论据；
第三个意群为5～13句，其中心内容为：Indeed, what is called body language is so __40__ a part of us that it's actually often unnoticed. And misunderstandings occur as a result of it.；然后以8～13句的具体事例说明中心内容。
在第一段说明“body language”在交际中的重要作用的基础上，第二段提出了解决“misunderstanding”的方法，即第三段的最后一句：treat others as you would like to be __55__。 第三步：重览短文，查缺补漏
通读文章，检查思路是否顺畅及有无逻辑关系错误，同时填补遗留的空缺。
step V 应用体验---------(2013·安徽高考)
If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why. Do you need it for a ___36_____ reason, such as your job or your studies?___37____ perhaps you’re interested in the ___38____ ,films or music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a ___39____ of the language.
Most people learn best using a variety of ___40____, but traditional classes are an ideal（理想的）start for many people. They ___41___ an environment where you can practice under the ___42___ of someone who’s good at the language. We all lead ___43___ lives and learning a language takes __44___. You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a ___45___. It doesn’t matter if you haven’t got long. Becoming f
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luent in a language will take years, but learning to get by takes __46____.
Many people start learning a language and soon give up. “I’m too __47___,” they say. Yes, children do learn languages more __48___ than adults, but research has shown that you can learn a language at any ___49___. And learning is good for the health of your brain, too. I’ve also heard people ___50___ about the mistakes they make when ___51___. Well, relax and laugh about your mistakes __52____ you’re much less likely to make them again. Learning a new language is never ___53___. But with some work and devotion, you’ll make progress. And you’ll be ___54__ by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in ___55___ own language. Good luck!
36.A. technical B. political C. practical D. physical 37. A. After B. So C. Though D. Or
38.A literature B. transport C. agriculture D. medicine 39.A view B. knowledge C. form D. database 40.A paintings B. regulations C. methods D. computers 41.A. protect B. change C. respect D. provide 42.A. control B. command C. guidance D. pressure 43.A. busy B. happy C. simple D. normal 44.A. courage B. time C. energy D. place 45.A. theory B. business C. routine D. project 46.A. some risks B. a lot less C. some notes D. a lot more 47.A. old B. nervous C. weak D. tired 48.A. closely B. quickly C. privately D. quietly 49.A. age B. speed C. distance D. school 50.A. worry B. hesitate C. think D. quarrel 51.A. singing B. working C. bargaining D. learning 52.A. if B. and C. but D. before 53.A. tiresome B. hard C. interesting D. easy 54.A. blamed B. amazed C. interrupted D. informed 55.A. their B. his C. our D.your 提示： 读懂文章是关键
1．文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章就学习外语的原因、方法以及外语学习与年龄、犯错误之间的关系等进行了讨论。
2．文章脉络：探讨学习外语的原因→探讨学习外语的方法→探讨学习外语与年龄、犯错误之间的关系→总结：努力、坚持学就有会有所收获。
step V 随堂即时训练
Children have lost touch with nature and the outdoors in just one generation! Recently a campaign encouraging children to put away __1__ and play outside has been organized. The campaign, said to be the biggest __2__， has been launched with the __3__ of a documentary film, Project Wild Thing. It tells the story of
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how, __4__ an attempt to get his daughter and son outside, film－maker David Bond __5__ as marketing director for nature.
The call to renew a __6__ with nature comes from about 400 organizations, from playgroups to the National Health Service. Children are being __7__ to take back their “wild time”， __8__ 30 minutes of screen use for outdoor activities. The organizers __9__ that giving up 30 minutes of television and computer games each day in exchange for outdoor play will increase the __10__ of fitness and alertness and improve children's well－being.
According to the chairman Andy Simpson, right now, time spent outdoors is __11__， activity levels are declining and the ability to identify common species has been __12__.
“With many more parents becoming __13__ the dominance (统治地位) of screen time in their children's lives, and growing scientific evidence that a decline in __14__ time is bad news for the health and happiness of our children, we all need to become marketing directors for nature. We want parents to see what this magical wonder product does for their kids' development, independence and creativity, by giving wild time a __15__，” said Mr. Simpson.
In Mr. Bond's opinion, the reasons why kids, __16__ they live in cities or the countryside, have become __17__ from nature and the outdoors are complex. “We need to make more space for wild time in children's daily routine, __18__ this generation of kids to have the sort of experiences that many of us took for granted. It's all about finding __19__ on your doorstep and discovering the sights, sounds and __20__ of nature — maybe in a back garden, a local park, or just green space at the end of the road.” 1. A. subjects B. screens C. stages D. scenes 2. A. ever B. likely C. then D. even 3. A. outcome B. direction C. exposure D. release 4. A. by B. on C. for D. in
5. A. behaves B. acts C. treats D. regards 6. A. connection B. commitment C．contract D. campaign 7. A. pulled B. forced C. urged D. warned 8. A. providing B. taking C. swapping D. preparing 9. A. allow B. admit C. acquire D. argue 10. A. amounts B. levels C. degrees D. standards 11. A. down B. up C. over D. off 12. A. developed B. shown C. tested D. lost
13. A. delighted with B. guilty of C. concerned about D. desperate for 14. A. free B. active C. spare D. normal 15. A. go B. bit C. look D. fit 16. A. while B. though C. as D. whether
17. A. escaped B. disconnected C. suffered D. protected 18．A. freeing B. forbidding C. seeking D. serving
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2016届高考英语完形填空议论文与说明文备考范例
