Sensor technology
A sensor is a device which produces a signal in response to its detecting or
measuring a property ,such as position , force , torque , pressure , temperature ,
humidity , speed , acceleration , or vibration .Traditionally ,sensors (such as actuators
and switches )have been used to set limits on the performance of machines .Common
examples are (a) stops on machine tools to restrict work table movements ,(b)
pressure and temperature gages with automatics shut-off features , and (c) governors
on engines to prevent excessive speed of operation . Sensor technology has become an
important aspect of manufacturing processes and systems .It is essential for proper
data acquisition and for the monitoring , communication , and computer control of
machines and systems .
Because they convert one quantity to another , sensors
often are referred to as
transducers .Analog sensors produce a signal , such as voltage ,which is proportional
to the measured quantity .Digital sensors have numeric or digital outputs that can be
transferred to computers directly .Analog-to-coverter(ADC) is available for
interfacing analog sensors with computers .
Classifications of Sensors
Sensors that are of interest in manufacturing may be classified generally as
follows:
Machanical sensors measure such as quantities as
positions ,shape ,velocity ,force ,torque , pressure , vibration , strain , and
mass .
Electrical sensors measure voltage , current , charge , and conductivity .
Magnetic sensors measure magnetic field ,flux , and permeablity .
Thermal sensors measure temperature , flux ,conductivity , and special heat .
Other types are acoustic , ultrasonic , chemical , optical , radiation , laser ,and
fiber-optic .
Depending on its application , a sensor may consist of metallic , nonmetallic ,
organic , or inorganic materials , as well as fluids ,gases ,plasmas , or
semiconductors .Using the special characteristics of these materials , sensors covert
the quantity or property measured to analog or digital output. The operation of an
ordinary mercury thermometer , for example , is based on the difference between the
thermal expansion of mercury and that of glass.
Similarly , a machine part , a physical obstruction , or barrier in a space can be
detected by breaking the beam of light when sensed by a photoelectric cell . A
proximity sensor ( which senses and measures the distance between it and an object or
a moving member of a machine ) can be based on acoustics , magnetism , capacitance ,
or optics . Other actuators contact the object and take appropriate action ( usually by
electromechanical means ) . Sensors are essential to the conduct of intelligent robots ,
and are being developed with capabilities that resemble those of humans ( smart
sensors , see the following ).
This is America, the development of such a surgery Lin Bai an example, through
the screen, through a remote control operator to control another manipulator, through
the realization of the right abdominal surgery A few years ago our country the exhibition, the United States has been successful in achieving the right to the heart
valve surgery and bypass surgery. This robot has in the area, caused a great sensation,
but also, AESOP's surgical robot, In fact, it through some equipment to some of the
lesions inspections, through a manipulator can be achieved on some parts of the
operation
Also including remotely operated manipulator, and many doctors are able
to participate in the robot under surgery Robot doctor to include doctors with pliers,
tweezers or a knife to replace the nurses, while lighting automatically to the doctor's
movements linked, the doctor hands off, lighting went off, This is very good, a
doctor's assistant.
Tactile sensing is the continuous of variable contact forces , commonly by an
array of sensors . Such a system is capable of performing within an arbitrary
three-dimensional space .has gradually shifted from manufacturing to
non-manufacturing and service industries, we are talking about the car manufacturer
belonging to the manufacturing industry, However, the services sector including
cleaning, refueling, rescue, rescue, relief, etc. These belong to the non-manufacturing
industries and service industries, so here is compared with the industrial robot, it is a
very important difference. It is primarily a mobile platform, it can move to sports,
Sensor technology
