Part 1. Warming up
1. In pairs discuss what they have in common. common adj. 共同的，普遍的；常见的 常用结构：
in common 共有，公用(在句中多作状语）
have nothing/little/a lot/something in common (with) sb.与某人没有/许多/有些共同之处 in common with 和……一样 common sense/knowledge 常识 common welfare 公共福利
Jane and I have nothing in common.=I have nothing in common with Jane. 我与简毫无共同之处。 In common with many young people, he prefers pop songs.和许多年轻人一样，他喜欢流行歌曲。 2. Work out a list and compare it with your partner. compare...with/to...把。。。和。。。作比较
Compare this with/to that, and you'll find which is better.把这个和那个比较，你就知道哪个更好了。
注意：（1）compare...to...还有“把。。。比作。。。”之意，不可用compare...with...替换。 Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.莎士比亚把世界比作一个舞台。
（2）过去分词短语compared with(与。。。相比）作状语时，可与compared to替换。
Compared with/to most children,she was indeed very unfortunate.与多数孩子相比，她确实很不幸。 3.calculate v. calculate on/upon be calculated to do
be calculated for适合于，为。。。而设计
Mary always calculates the cost of goods before she buys them.玛丽总是在买东西之前先估算好价钱。 Mr.Li calculated that it would take him three hours to get to Shenzhen.李先生估计他要花三个小 We cannot always calculate on/upon other's help .我们不能总是指望别人的帮助。 What I said yesterday was not calculated to hurt you.昨天我说的话不是有意伤害你的。 Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending 1. Although I was young I could simplify difficult sums. sum n. 金额; 款项; 总数; 算术题 常用结构：
in sum 简言之; 总而言之 sum up/sum sth. up 总结；概括
He was fined the sum of 200$. 他被处以200美元的罚金。 The sum of 5 and 3 is 8. 5加3的和是8。
To sum up, there are three main ways of solving the problem.概括起来说，这个问题主要有三种解决办法。
In sum, the plan failed.总之，计划失败了。
2.I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.我发育缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯·巴比奇才把我制 成了一台分析机。
（1）“It took/was+一段时间+before从句”是一个固定句型,意“过了……后才…”。 用于这类句型时的结构还有： 2）before （ ①It didn't take/was long (或一段时间) before...过了
不久（一段时间）就……
要过很久（一段时间）才…… 或一段时间) before...②It will take/be long ( ③It won't take/be long (或一段时间) before...不久（一段时间后）就会…… 3.By the 1940s I had grown as large as a room.... “by+时间名词”意为“到。。。为止”
By the time he came back we had had our dinner. 等他回来的时候我们已经吃完晚饭了。 He has finished his work by now. 到目前为止，他已经做完他的工作了。
We'll have graduated from high school by next June.到明年六月份我们就中学毕业了。 4. As time went by, I was made smaller.
在本句中, as用作连词,引导时间状语从句,表示“随着…”, 而with 用作介词, 后接名词短语,形成with结构。
Eg： ⑴随着时间的流逝，他们变成了好朋友。As time went by, they became close friends. As time went by,…=With time going by,....
⑵随着他长大，他对一切都失去了兴趣。As he grew up, he lost interest in everything. go by
(1)(时间)过去，逝去 As time goes by, my memory seems to get worse. (2)从……经过 Did you see a boy go by on a bicycle?
(3)按照，遵循 Don't go by that old map.别参照那张旧地图。
（4）以……来判断 You can't always go by appearances.你不能总是以貌取人。 （5）（机会）等失去；轻易放过（一次好机会）Never let a good opportunity go by. go over 检查，复习 go out 出去，熄灭 go through 遭受，经历 联想拓展
go against 违背；对……不利
go without 勉强维持，凑合;没有……而将就 go in for 爱好；参加；从事 go over 复习;仔细审查
go ahead 进行；发生；（尤指经某人允许）开始做 go through 通过；经历，经受；查看，调查 go out 出去；熄灭 5.As a result I totally changed my shape.
（1）total adj. 总的；全部的；整个的 n．总数；合计 v．总数为；合计为 totally adv. 完全地；整个地 in total 总共；总计(＝totally) （2）as a result 结果；因此 as a result of 由于；作为……的结果 result in (＝cause)导致；致使
result from (＝be caused by) 起因于；因……而引起 with the result that 结果是。。。。
努力终归成功。6](1) Hard work ____________ success.即学即练[ (2) Success _____________ hard work.成功来自于努力工作。
(3)He was ill. ____________________， he didn't go to school.他生病了。因此，他没去上学。 (4)___________________________ his illness, he didn't go to school.由于生病，他没去上学 （5）The farm was flooded, with the result that most of the harvest was lost.农场被淹，收 成
损失了一大半。
results in results from As a result As a result of 联想拓展
as a consequence 结果 in consequence 结果 in consequence of 由于
6.Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told！随着时间的推移，我的记忆能力发展得如此之快，就像一头大象一样，我从来不会忘记告诉我的任何事情！
拓展：(1)当 so.../such...位于句首时，句子要部分倒装,但 that 后的从句不用倒装。 So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.那个标记非常小，我几乎看不见它。 So hard does he work that he seldom goes home.他工作那么努力，几乎不回家。 (2)so...that...中的主句和从句的主语是同一个，that 从句也可改为 as to do 形式。 The old lady was so kind that she led me to the hospital.
＝The old lady was so kind as to lead me to the hospital.这个老太太是那样好心，她把我领到了医院。 (3)so that 连在一起用，可引导结果状语从句，也可引导目的状语从句。so that引导目的状语从句时，从句中常使用 can/could/may/might/will/would/should 等情态动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用 can和 may等
词，在 so that前可以有逗号，意思是“因此；所以”。
He hurried up so that he could catch the train.他匆匆赶路为的是赶上火车。 (对比：He hurried up so that he caught the train. 他匆匆赶路，结果赶上了火车。) (4)not so+adj./adv. (as...)
It didn't take so long as we expected.
I haven't enjoyed myself so much for a long time.我很长时间没有这么高兴过了。 高手过招 单项填空
—What a beautiful day!
—Yes, it's that I'd like to take a walk. （2009·12·陕西西安检测） A. such nice weather B. so a nice weather C. too nice weather D. nice weather so
解析：选A。因为此处weather是中心词，但它为不可数名词，所以不能加冠词。 [即境活用1](1)______about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.
A．So curious the couple was B．So curious were the couple C．How curious the couple were D．The couple was such curious
解析：考查 so...that...引导结果状语从句，且 so...放于句首时，句子部分倒装。 答案：B
(2)Most children need encouragement in time of failure ______ they can cheer up again. if
．D because ．C in case ．B so that．A． 解析：考查 so that 引导目的状语从句。 答案：A
7. But I was always so lonely standing there by myself, until in the early 1960s.... 当not until 引导的时间状语位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。如：
Not until he lost the game a second time did he realize his fault.直到他再次输了比赛他才意识到他的失误。
8．Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.无论如何，我的目标是为人类提供高质量的生活。
（1）anyhowadv.（也作anyway）不管怎样，无论如何；反正；即使如此 “粗心地，随意地”，作此意讲时，只能用 anyhow。 联想拓展
somehow adv. 以某种方式, 用某种方法；不知怎么地 somewhat adv.有点，稍微
He told me not to buy it, but I bought it anyhow.他告诉我不要买它，但不管怎样，我还是买了。 It may snow, but anyhow I will go to the town.可能要下雪,但无论如何我都要进城。
We must get the work finished somehow by tomorrow morning.我们必须设法在明天早上以前把工作做完。
Somehow we lost our way.不知怎么地我们迷路了。
My jacket is somewhat like yours.我的夹克与你那件有点相似。 完成句子
①我对这个工作有点厌倦了。I am tired of this work. ②不知怎么地,他害怕她。 he was afraid of her.
③他无论如何也不能使她信服。He couldn't convince her . ①somewhat ②Somehow ③anyhow
（2）of＋n.结构中的名词是抽象名词时，相当于其名词所对应的形容词的意思，说明被修饰词具有某种特征或属性。常用的名词有：use, importance, help, value, interest, benefit 等。这些名词前可用 great, no, little, some, any, not much 等修饰，以表示不同程度。
The camel is of great help to the Arab.(＝The camel is very helpful to the Arab.)骆驼对阿拉伯人有很大帮助。
of＋n.结构中的名词表种类、数量、度量等时，表示不同的人或物的共同特征，此时名词前通常有冠词。常用的名词有：size, type, kind, price, height, depth, length, weight, age, shape, colour 等。
The two are of an age, but are of different height. 即学即用
Excuse me,could you tell me the way to the British Museum? — m a stranger here. —Sorry,I' . —
D.No problem C.Never mind A.Thanks anyway B.It doesn't matter
解析 A.不管怎样，还是要谢谢你。B.没关系。C.不要紧；不用担心。D.没问题。句意为：——打扰了，你能告诉我去大英博物馆的路吗？ ——抱歉，我在这儿是个陌生人。 ——不管怎样，还是要谢谢你。
[即境活用2] You will find this map of great ______ in helping you to get around London. usefulness
．D value ．C cost ．B price ．A．
解析：be of great value＝be very valuable “很有价值”。 答案：C
Part 3. Learning about Language
1.make full/he best use of 充分利用 make good ues of 好好利用 2.develop an interest in 对。。。感兴趣（interest为名词） 3.be crazy about 对。。。着迷
4.By the time I was sixteen, my dream had come true. come into reality成为现实
5.The company has given its computers away to a local school. give away
(1)赠送; 赠予She decided to give these old clothes away.她决定把这些旧衣服送给别人。 (2)分发，颁发
The headmaster gave away the prizes at the school sports day.校长在校运动会那天颁发了奖项。 （3）泄露，暴露She gave away state secrets to the enemy.她把国家机密泄露给了敌人。 （4）失去; 丧失 You've given away a good chance of success.你失去了一次成功的良机。 gave out 分发，发出（气味、热等）；发表，公布；用完，耗尽，筋疲力竭 Part 4. Using Language
1.Before you listen, discuss in pairs what IT consists of. consist vi.组成；在于；一致
Our class consists of 60 students. 我们班由60名学生组成。（consist of 无被动形式，也不用于进行时）
consist in 在于 Happiness consists in appreciating what you have.知足者常乐。 consist with 与。。。一致 Theory should consist with practice.理论应与实践相一致 2.take advantage of sb./sth利用；占便宜
He never helps me without trying to take advantage of me. 他每次帮我都想占我便宜。 即境活用6 I hope that full advantage is ________ of our library. A．made B．claimed C．taken D．brought
[解析]take advantage of 利用，为固定搭配。[答案]C
3.On the football team I'm a striker so I have to be able to run very fast.我在足球队中是前锋，所以我需要跑得非常快。
on 表示“是。。。的成员，在。。。供职”
He is on the People's Daily. 他在《人民日报》报社里工作。 on 还可表示“在活动中”，“处于。。。状态中”
on holiday 在度假 on leave 休假 on business 出差 on fire 着火 on strike 在罢工
4.I have learned to signal to my teammates in computer language to give me the ball.... signal
n. 信号；手势；声音；暗号
v. 发信号；用信号传达；用信号与……通讯 常用结构：
a signal of/for sth.……的信号
signal (to）sb./sth. to do sth. 向某人发出做某事的信号
他示意服务员把菜单拿过来。He signaled (to) the waiter to bring the menu. signal(sb.) that...示意…… signal with ...用……发信号
A red light is usually a signal for/of danger.红灯通常是危险的信号。
西柏坡精神论文党的建设论文发扬西柏坡精神
