高一英语重点语法知识预习（外研社版 必修1-4）
【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
重点语法知识预习
［学习过程］ 一、一般现在时
often, every day / week / month / year等时间状语连用。 [例句] He often does his homework in his study. 2. 表示主语现在的特征、性格和状态。 [例句] The dictionary belongs to me.
3. 表示客观规律或科学真理、格言, 以及其他不受时间限制的客观存在。 [例句] The moon goes around the sun.
4. 在有连词if, unless, before, as soon as, when, once, however等引导的时间、条件和让步状语从句中, 用一般现在时表将来。
[例句] If you work hard, you won’t fail in the exam.
二、一般过去时
1. 表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 [例句] She went to the zoo yesterday.
2. 在时间、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。 [例句] He said when she came he would tell her.
三、现在进行时
1. 表示现在 （说话瞬间） 正在进行或发生的动作。 [例句] He is reading a newspaper now.
2. 表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作 （说话时动作不一定正在进行）。 [例句] What are you doing these days?
3. 表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等, 常与always, constantly, continually等副词连用。
[例句] He is always thinking of others.
4. 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。常限于go, come, leave, start, arrive等表“移动”、“方向”的词。
[例句] He is coming to see me next week.
四、过去进行时
1. 表示过去某时正在进行的动作。
[例句] He was sleeping when Mary came to see him.
2. 动词go, come, leave, arrive, start等的过去进行时常表过去将来时。 [例句] She said she was going to Beijing the day after tomorrow.
五、一般将来时
1. 表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态, 常与usually, always, sometimes,
1. 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态, 常与表示将来的时间状语连用。 [例句] I don’t know what will happen in the future. 2. 常用来表示将来时的结构包括：
（1） shall / will + 动词原形：（单纯） 表将来, 一般不用于条件句。 （2） be going to + 动词原形：（计划）打算做……。
（3） be about to + 动词原形：即将或正要去做某事,通常不与时间状语连用,但可与when引导的从句连用。
（4） be to + 动词原形：预定要做……。
（5） be doing 表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作,常与go, start, set out, leave, reach, arrive, return, come, move等表位移的动词连用。
六、现在完成时
1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 [例句] —Have you had your supper yet? —Yes, I have just had it.
2. 常与介词for, during, in, within, over等引导的时间状语连用, 表示过去的某一行为一直延续到现在。
[例句] I haven’t seen my English teacher for a long time.
3. 表示反复或习惯性的动作, 常与several times, once, twice, frequently等频度副词连用。 [例句] I have been to the USA several times. 4. 表示从过去到现在没有发生过的动作。 [例句] I haven’t swept the floor for a week.
5. 用在时间、条件状语从句中, 表示从句动作先于主句动作完成。 [例句] I’ll tell him after you have left.
6. 在“最高级+ 名词”或在“这是第几次…”之后跟定语从句，从句用现在完成时。 [例句] ①This is the third time I have been there. ②This is the best tea I have ever drunk.
七、过去完成时
1. 表示在过去某一时刻以前已经开始并一直延续到这一时刻、或是在此刻前已经完成的动作。
[例句] By the end of last term, we had learned 1,000 English words.
2. 有些动词 （如： hope, think, expect, mean, intend, suppose, want等） 的过去完成时可表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图。 [例句] I had hoped to see more of Beijing.
◆动词时态应注意的几点
1. 瞬间性动词的一般现在时和现在进行时常用来表示将来的动作。例句： ①The film begins in a minute.
②My uncle is leaving tomorrow morning.
2. 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例句： ①Every time I listen to that song, I’ll think of my old friend. ②If you do that, I shall be very pleased. ③They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed.
3. 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别：一般过去时和现在完成时都表示过去所发生的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的影响、结果等，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用；一般过去时只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系,因而它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：
—Have you finished your work? —Yes, I have.
—When did you finish it? —I finished it last summer.
◆直接引语与间接引语转换时应注意的几个问题： 1. 人称的变化 2. 时态的变化 3. 时间状语的变化 4. 地点状语的变化 例句：
①Xiao Yi said, “I want to go to the park this afternoon.”
→Xiao Yi said （that） he wanted to go to the park that afternoon. ②Bob said, “We’ll have a meeting here tomorrow morning.”
→Bob said （that） they would have a meeting there the next morning.
◆定语从句中关系代词只能用that和不能用that的几种情况：
只能用that的情况 1. 先行词是不定代词。
例句：Please tell me everything that happened to you.
2. 先行词被形容词最高级、序数词或only, last, same, very等修饰。 例句： ①This is the most interesting movie that I have ever seen.
②This is the only book that I read during the summer holiday.
3. 先行词既包括人又包括物。例句：She talked about the writer and his works that interested her.
不能用that的情况 1. 非限制性定语从句中。
例句：He said he could speak three foreign languages, which is not true. 2. 先行词本身是that。
例句：I have that which you gave me. 3. “介词+ 关系代词”结构。
例句：The person to whom I talked just now is Tom.
◆现在完成进行时与现在完成时进行的比较：
1. 强调动作还未结束时, 多用现在完成进行时；强调动作的结果时, 多用现在完成时。例句：
①I have been painting the paining. （强调“一直在画”这个动作） ②I have painted the painting. （强调“画完了”这个结果）
2. 有些动词不能用在现在完成进行时中，但可用在现在完成时中。如：have, love, see等。
例句：
①She has had a cold for a week.
②They have loved each other for three years. ③I have seen this movie.
-ing形式：
1. having done
having done是非谓语动词中-ing形式的完成式,而doing则是其一般式,它们都与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,只是doing与句中谓语动词同时发生或基本上同时发生；having done则表示动作或状态发生在句中谓语动词之前。 [例句]
①Hearing the news, they got excited. （hear 和get excited这两个动作几乎同时发生） ②Having arrived at the top of mountain, they took a rest. （arrive 发生在take a rest之前） 2. 动词后接动词的-ing形式和不定式有些动词后既可接动词的-ing形式也可接to do形式作宾语，但意义有所不同。 [例如]
① forget / remember / regret doing sth. 表示动作已经发生；
forget / remember / regret to do sth. 则表示该动作未发生。 ② mean to do sth. 表示“打算做某事”；
mean doing sth. 表示“意味着做某事”。 ③ try to do sth. 表示“设法尽力做某事”；
try doing sth. 表示“试着做某事”。
④ stop to do sth. 表示“停下来接着做另一件事”；
stop doing sth. 表示“停止做某事”。
⑤ go on to do sth. 表示“（做完某事）接着做另一件事”；
go on doing sth. 表示“继续做同一件事”（= go on with sth.）。 ⑥ can’t help to do sth. 表示“不能帮助做某事”；
can’t help doing sth. 表示“情不自禁地做某事”。
3. have/has been doing
have / has been doing是现在完成进行时的构成，强调动作的延续过程，动作可能还在进行。而have / has done是现在完成时的构成，强调动作的结果，该动作通常已经结束。 [例句]
①I have written a book. （动作结束）
②I have been writing a book. （可能未写完，侧重最近一直忙于写书）
【模拟试题】
一、单项填空
1. The headmaster called Tom to his office because he had been in the exam . A. caught cheating C. catching cheating
B. caught to cheat D. catching to cheat
D. fixed ; to
2. The time he for the trip is not suitable any of us . A. made ; to B. fixed ; for C. gave ; with 3. —What do you think of what he did in class ?
—Why he did it was my imagination .
A. beyond
A. must drop
B. through
C. above
D. over
4. My watch is nowhere to be found . I it when I was on the bus .
B. can’t have dropped
C. have dropped D. must have dropped 5. —May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five o’clock tonight? A. will have gone C. should have gone A. is
A. But for A. hand couple of weeks .
A. let out B. took care 10. —Go for a picnic this weekend , OK ? A. I couldn’t agree more C. I believe not
C. made sure
D. made out
B. are B. Only if B. reach
B. had gone D. has gone C. am C. If only C. space
D. have D. If D. distance
—I’m sorry . Mr. Williams to a party long before then .
26. Forty percent of the population of the U.S black. 7. the party , we would never have today’s happiness .
8. Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within of little children.
9. He accidentally he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn’t been home for a
— , I love getting close to nature .
B. I’m afraid not D. I don’t think so
11. On news today , there were reports of heavy snow in that area . A. the ; the B. the；不填 C. 不填；不填 D. 不填；the 12. It was a pity that the great writer died his works unfinished .
A. for A. get down to
B. with B. get out
C. from C. get back for
D. of D. get over
13. The final examination is coming up soon . It’s time for us to our studies . 14. Having been attacked by terrorists , . A. doctors came to their rescuer C. an emergency measures was taken A. to smell
B. smelling
B. the tall building collapsed D. warnings were given to tourists C. smelt
D. smell
15. The flowers sweet in the garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
二、完型填空
No man can change the weather. Nobody can control the weather. But if we 1 correctly the signs around us we can 2 what the more changes in the weather will be . This way of telling what the weather will be like the following day or two is called weather forecasting.
For many centuries and in all countries people have 3 the weather and tried to 4 weather forecasting.
Sometimes 5 objects such as hills and tall trees seem to be very clear and near. This is a 6 of much water vapor in the 7 and therefore rain will probably come.
Rings round the sun are a sign of coming rain. Many people feel in their 8 the coming
of wet weather. Their joints (骨头节) ache . Some birds fly 9 as fine weather is coming but they fly near the ground if 10 or stormy weather is 11 the way. It is probably because of the insects which they are hunting 12 they fly 12 .
If you see a rainbow during rainy weather , this is a sign that the weather will become clear and fine . Such 14 always come in the evening . If the stars 15 clearly at night , then fair weather will 16 . If a fog appears in the morning just about sunrise , then the day will be warm . Instead , if a fog appears in the evening the next day will bring wet 17 .
If the sunset is mostly red in 18 then the following day will be fine . If a rainbow appears in the morning, rainy weather will probably come .
Most of the 19 sayings have been made by people who have used their 20 , and brains to make weather forecasting . 1. A. see 2. A. tell 3. A. studied 4. A. do 5. A. small 6. A. sight 7. A. air 8. A. legs 9. A. high 10. A. wet 11. A. by 12. A. that 13. A. high 14. A. as 15. A. twinkle 16. A. begin 17. A. day 18. A. edge 19. A. above 20. A. bodies
三、阅读理解
（A）
There are three branches of medicine . One is called “doctor medicine” , or “scientific medicine”. Scientific doctors try to observe sicknesses , look for logical patterns , and then find out how the human body works . From there they figure out what treatments may work . This kind of medicine is believed to date from the 4th century BC. Although nowadays it is successful , in the ancient world this approach probably did not cure many patients .
A second kind of medicine is called “natural cures,” of “folk medicine ,” in which less educated people try to cure sicknesses with various herbs . These folk healers also use observation and logic , but they are not so aware of it . They try things until they find something that seems to work , and then they keeping doing that . Folk medicine flourished long before the development of
B. look B. speak B. learned B. make B. away B. sign B. sky B. arms B. low B. dry B. in B. which B. low B. rainbows B. appear B. stop B. weather B. surface B. below B. hands
C. read C. talk C. searched C. carry C. near C. mark C. heaven C. skins C. near C. rainy C. for C. where C. fast C. weather C. bright C. continue C. hour C. center C. important C. eyes
D. take D. point D. researched D. send D. distant D. shape D. earth D. bones D. far D. sunny D. on D. when D. slow D. day D. seem D. be D. time D. color D. interesting D. legs
scientific medicine and was more successful in ancient times than doctor medicine .
The third kind is called “health saps,” or “faith healing.” Sometimes this may be as simple as touching the holy man and being immediately healed . Other times , a magician may make you a magic charm , or say a spell , to cure you . Some religious groups organize special healing shrines for the sick . In these places people rest , get plenty of sleep , eat healthy food , drink water instead of wine , and exercise in various ways . They also talk to the priests and pray to the gods . If you are feeling depressed or you have been working too hard , going to these places may be just the right thing to make you feel better .
1. The author’s primary purpose in this text is to______.
（B）
Net library is a library that lends out digital books. It treats a digital book like a paperback copy. It charges libraries per book per copy and gives publishers a cut of the total income.
From the consumer’s point of view, this means that if more than five people want the latest Danielles Steel romance novel, other people who request that book will get a message saying the title is unavailable. It’s a model many publishers seem to have embraced. More than 350 gave the company rights to hand out their digital works, and McGraw Hill Corporation and Houghton Mifflin Corporation have out money in the company. The California public libraries and about 1,800 others across the US are trying out the Net Library services.
Some librarians criticize the New Library model. Stanford University librarian Michael Keller argues that the company is creating an unnatural fear of digital works, which is contrary to the ideas of the Internet.
Keller and some other librarians argue for the e-book vision set forth by Ebrary. Ebrary is starting a service that lets us users read books for free.
But it will charge about 25 cents a page when a person tries to print out the material or a copy and paste it into a different file or tries to download a copy onto a computer.
B. argue for the importance of medicine in health care C. describe different types of medicine
D. show the crucial role religion plays in medical treatment 2. According to the text , which of the following statements is true ? A. Natural cures worked better than scientific medicine in ancient times . B. People who practice folk medicine need lots of formal education on herbs . C. Folk healers choose different herbs to cure diseases without any sound basis . D. The success of folk medicine led to the development of doctor medicine . 3. Doctor medicine .
A. has been practiced for around 1,600 years B. has a longer history than folk medicine
C. was very successful in curing sickness in ancient times D. bases its treatments on observation and logic
4. According to the text , which of the following is not used in health saps ? A. Magic power . C. A healthy life style .
B. Various herbs . D. Religious faith .
A. compare the educational background of three different types of patients
Christopher Warnock, chief executive of Ebrary, believes most consumers won’t want to buy entire books, only the parts that interest them.
“There’s not really a lot of good in owning an electronic file and having to store it and manage it. It doesn’t make sense,” he said.
5. The word “embraced” in the third paragraph means __________________.
A. tried out something hard C. taken something willingly
B. disliked something badly D. held something tightly
6. From the second paragraph we can see consumers __________________. A. complain about the limited number of the new books B. don’t care if they are charged money C. don’t like other people borrowing books D. enjoy the service of the Net Library
7. How do publishers get money from the net Library? A. They get the money from the readers.
B. They get the money by cutting the cost of the books.
C. They get the money from selling their books to the Net Library. D. They share the money with the net library. 8. What does the last paragraph mean?
A. It’s reasonable to charge the consumers money for copying some pages. B. There is no need for consumers to have a whole book. C. Net Library is not a good way for the consumers. D. Ebrary is not a good library for the consumers.
试题答案
一、单项填空 1—5 ABADA 6—10 BABAA 11—15 BBABB
二、完形填空 1—5 CAABD 6—10 BADAC 11—15 DABBA 16—20 CBDAC 三、阅读理解 1—4 CADB 5—8 CADB
高一英语重点语法讲解(外研社版)
