2018高考英语：有动词提示的短文语法填空解题技巧讲解和选编题附解析 高考英语语法填空******有提示词的解题技巧 括号内提供的是动词 首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后根据以下两点进行思考。
①若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态。如： Actually I believed I would work for a few years，get ________(marry)，stay home and raise a family，so I didn’t think the job I took mattered that much.
这个小题主要考查单句层次上的语法结构。该题的关键是判断宾语从句中有4个谓语动词，在从句中作并列谓语。 I believed I would work for a few years... I would get ________(marry)．.. I would stay home... I would raise a family... 答案 married
很清楚，get married在句子中与I would构成“主系表”结构。get married强调一种已婚的状态，相当于be married。如果没有get在前面，只能填入marry作谓语。显然语言的形式要结合上下文语境综合考虑，才能符合交际的需要。
②若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词；若是非谓语动词就要确定是v.－ing形式，－ed形式，还是不定式。确定的方法主要有： 作主语或宾语，通常用v.－ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况。如：
...but it is not enough only ________(memorize)rules from a grammar book. 答案 memorizing
分析这个句子的成分可知，应该是memorizing...作真正的主语，前面的it是形式主语。
作伴随状语，通常用分词，若与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词(v.－ing)；若是被动关系，用过去分词(done)。如：
________(see)from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. 答案 Seen
从句中“is”可判断句中已有谓语了，表明句子不缺谓语，可知所给提示词“see”在句中应该是不作谓语的动词形式，即非谓语动词形式；此时就可以利用三个步骤来分析决定用哪一种非谓语形式了：第一，“see”的逻辑主语就是句子的主语“the south foot of the mountain”；第二，“the south foot of the mountain”和“see”之间是被动关系；第三，动词的过去分词表示被动关系，因此应填“Seen”。
It rained heavily in the south，________(cause) serious flooding in several provinces. 答案 causing
从句中“rained”可判定句子已有谓语了，说明所给提示词“cause”在句中作非谓语，“cause”与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，即“大雨导致洪涝”；现在分词表示主动关系，因此应填“causing”，作结果状语。 优秀选编题 A
(2016·山东日照市高三第一次模拟考试)
For many young people，going to university is one of the most important
__1__(stage)of their lives.It is the time when young people will move out of __2__(they)home to live with other people，often strangers.__3__(especial)in the US，people often travel very far __4__ home to study.It is a time to be __5__(independence)．
At university，you will __6__(teach)by lectures and professors who are leading figures in their study.The opportunity to learn from and to discuss with them is __7__ drives some people to apply to university.Students are required to choose a major that they wish to study.Apart from the __8__(academy)benefit，life at university also can allow students __9__(develop)their interests in many fields. Therefore，university is a place __10__ you attain knowledge，to develop your values and to accept those who may be different.
1．stages [考查名词。在英语中one of后要加可数名词的复数，故用stages。] 2. their [考查代词。由于空格后是名词home，故根据句意其前面要用一个形容词性物主代词，故用their。]
3．Especially [考查副词。分析句子结构和句中的成分，可知此处要用一个副词来修饰整个句子的内容，故填Especially。 ]
4．from [考查介词。在英语中，far from是固定搭配，意思是：远离……。] 5．independent [考查形容词。根据句意，可知此处要用一个形容词作表语表示状态，故填independent。]
6．be taught [考查动词语态。根据句意，由于主语是you，与teach之间是被动关系，而在空格前是助动词will，故用be taught。]
7．what [考查名词性从句。分析句子结构，可知这是一个表语从句，从句中缺少主语，根据句意可知要填what。 ]
8．academic [考查形容词。由于空格后的benefit是一个名词，故其前面要用一
个形容词修饰它，故填academic。]
9．to develop [考查动词不定式。在英语中，allow sb to do sth是固定搭配，意思是“允许某人做某事”。]
10．where [考查定语从句。分析句子结构，可知这是一个定语从句，从句中的主干成分没有残缺，由于先行词是表地点的place，要填关系副词where。] B
(2016·山西省四校联考)
What defines a healthy city? Is it a place with a lot of open spaces __1__ people can exercise and enjoy the fresh air? A place with little or no pollution? A place in which people can __2__ (free) socialize and express their ideas? Perhaps, it's all that plus more. Other considerations are the availability of health and fitness facilities, an excellent healthcare program and sincere efforts by __3__ local government to actively promote health and wellness among its citizens. Of all the cities in the world, one of the top six __4__ (healthy) cities is Copenhagen, Denmark. Copenhageners love to walk. Foot traffic accounts __5__ 80% of all traffic in the Copenhagen city center. Those who prefer it can also bike. It is estimated that more than a third of all work trips in Copenhagen __6__ (carry) out on a bike. As for the climate here, the city does not have the blessing of pleasant weather all year round. __7__ everything starts to freeze, it turns several city squares into huge skating fields. The frozen parts of the city also make __8__ easier for residents to skate around. The city also has museums and art galleries for the kids and __9__ (grown-up). It has the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts and the Royal Library housed in a rather grand building __10__ (call) the Black Diamond. 1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9．________ 10.________
【参考答案】语法填空
语篇解读：本文讲述了世界上最健康的六大城市之一——哥本哈根。 1．where 分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为open spaces，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。
2．freely 修饰动词短语“socialize and express their ideas”，应用副词freely。 3．the 根据语境可知，此处表特指。
4．healthiest 此处表示“最健康的六大城市之一”，应用形容词最高级。 5．for 步行占交通总量的80%。account for“占(一定数量或比例)”，是固定短语。
6．are carried work trips与carry out之间存在动宾关系，空处应用被动语态；根据文章的整体时态可知，空处应用一般现在时；由“a third of all work trips”可知，空处应填are carried。
7．When/As 当开始上冻的时候，一些城市广场就变成了巨大的溜冰场。When/As“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句。
8．it 本处it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是to skate around。 9．grown-ups 本处and连接两个并列的名词kids和grown-ups。 10．called call与被修饰的名词building之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语。
C
(2016·湖北省八校高三第一次联考)
China will allow all couples to have two children，__1__(give) up its decades－long
2018高考英语—有动词提示的短文语法填空解题技巧讲解
