自考“英语（二）”复习资料 第一单元
1.常考单词：
goal，objective，accomplish，predict，accompany，implement，tendency，achievement，argue，budget，define，entity 2. 常考词组：
in the way，in part，point of view，contribute to，to apply for，in hand，to turn down 3. 常考句子：
1）A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available.
2）Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance. 3）If there is no choice，there is no decision to be made. 4）For managers every decision has constraints based on politics，procedures，laws，precedents and the like.
5）For example，managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion.
6）Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is best - that is，which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals.
7）In the larger scheme of things，however，increased funding for research to improve the
products might be more beneficial to the organization. 8）Some of these objectives are more important than others，but the order and degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department. 第二单元 1.常考单词：
escape，explode，collapse，shrink，gravity，measurement，basis，launch，convincing，
companion，speculation，swallow，operate，to make use of，a great many，above all 2. 常考句子：
1）Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape. 2）The theory is that some stars explode when their density
increases to a particular point.
3）Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova.
4）If a man fell into a black hole，he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly. 5）It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. 6）On the other hand，scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind. 第三单元 1.常考单词：
weaken deteriorate debate legal request criterion ensure oppose tradition consideration disabled burden vulnerable prohibition sensitive 2. 常考词组：
to debate on to make request for be opposed to to take … into account
3. 常考句子：
1）Affected with a serious disease，van Wendal was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating.
2）Van Wendel's last three months of life before being given a final，lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands. 3）The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown，it starts a nationwide debate on the subject. 4）What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven't the right. 第四单元 1.常考单词：
demestic statistics
diplomat exploit campaign execute convict despite deserving shelf
minimum status deport 2. 常考句子：
1）There are estimated to be more than 20，000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain. 2）Of these 20，000，just under 2，000 are being exploited and abused by their employers.
3）The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media
attention earlier this year in several highly publicized cases. 4）A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder，despite protests form various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established. 5）She used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka.
6）Because she found it difficult to feed her four children，she accepted a job working as a domestic in London. 7）So if they do complain，they risk being deported. 第五单元 1.常考单词：
Musician，rhythmic，distinct，consciousness，originate，readily，instrument，electronic，thereby，passive，participant 2. 常考词组：
to take place to take over to take on in a sense at a stretch to serve as in advance for the sake of 3. 常考句子：
1）The new music was built out of materials already in existence. 2）Folk music，old and modern，was popular among college students.
3）They freely took over
elements form jazz，from American country music.
4）With records at home，
listeners imitated these lighting effects as best they could. 第六单元
1.常考单词：
efficiency increasingly install personnel expose reduction completion specific switch critical intensity scale defective 2. 常考词组：
in that in question plenty of
3. 常考句子：
1）Most of today's robots are employed in the automotive industry，where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies.
2）Robots，already taking over human tasks in the automotive field are beginning to be seen，although
to a lesser degree，in other industries as well.
6）For example，the degree to to approximate to which and the ways in which a school resistance to to cope with 3）The robots used in nuclear power plants handle the
radioactive materials，preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation. 4）Robots differ from automatic machines in that after completion of one specific task，they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one.
5）Engineers skilled in microelectronics and computer technology are developing artificial vision for robots. 6）With the ability to “see”，robots can identify and inspect one specific class of objects out of a stack of different kinds of materials. 7）Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics. 第七单元 1.常考单词：
research attach underlie relevant positive possession desirable relaxation occupation urban acquire participation
2. 常考词组：
be concerned with be relevant to to set … as objective
3. 常考句子：
1）People in advanced industrial societies are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure. 2）The importance people attach to paid holidays and the rapid development of services for mass entertainment and recreation are signs of this increasing concern. 3）The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual.
4）Since leisure is basically self-determined，one is able to take to one's interests and
preferences and get involved in an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction.
5）Basically，such attitudes amount to a recognition that leisure is an important area of life and a belief that Leisure can and should be put to good use.
encourages participation in games，sports and cultural pursuits are likely to contribute to the shaping of leisure attitudes on the part of the students. 7）Schools usually set as their educational objective the attainment of a balanced development of the person. 8）The more seriously this is sought，the more likely positive attitudes towards leisure as well as academic work will be encouraged. 第八单元 1.常考单词： flight negotiation transport overcome internal external rhythm feasible assumption promote 2. 常考词组： effect on to blame… on to advantage now that out of step to leave … alone 3. 常考句子： 1）The problem of Jet Lag is one every international traveler comes across at some time. （para.1） 2）The effects of rapid travel on the body are actually far more disturbing than we realize. （para.2） 3）He later blamed his poor judgement on Jet Lag. （para.3） 4）Now that we understand what Jet lag is，we can go some way to overcoming it.（para.4） 5）The other belongs in our internal clocks which，left alone，would tie the body to a 25 hour - yes，25 - rhythm.（para.5） 6）In time the physiological system will reset itself，but it does take time. （para7） 7）One reason for this discrepancy is that different bodily events are controlled by different factors. （para.8） 8）It is not feasible to wait four days until the body is used to the new time zone. （para.9） 第九单元 1.常考单词： classify approximate proportion appreciation acknowledge alter lengthen wealthy neglect expectation 2. 常考词组：
attribute … to 3. 常考句子： 1）Nation classified as “aged” when they have 7percent of more of their people aged 65 or above. （para.1） 2）The nearer a society approximates to zero population growth，the older its population is likely to be - at least，for any future that concerns us now. 3）The older you are now，of course，the greater this proportion will be，and greater still if you are a woman. 4）If you are now in your thirties，you ought to be aware that you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest of your life after the age of 60. 第十单元 1.常考单词： election vote certainty loyalty decline democrat strategy pursue impact headquarters economy stir congress representative 2. 常考词组： to identify……as impact on 3. 常考句子： 1）Candidates try to project a strong leadership image. （para.4） 2）Whether voters accept this image，however，depends more on external factors than on a candidate's personal characteristics. （para. 4） 此句注意主语从句作主语。 3）A year later，with the nation's economy in trouble，Bush's approval rating dropped below 40 percent. 4）Candidates are particularly concerned with winning the states which have the largest population. 5）Clinton received only 43 percent of the popular vote in 1992，compared with Bush's 38 percent and Perot's 19 percent. 第十一单元 1.常考单词： disorder irrelevant misleading irresponsible eventual replace partly undergo suitable to do research into be central to be irrelevant to to aim for 2. 常考句子：
1）The use of animals has been central to the development of anaesthetics.
2）Animal research is
irrelevant to our health and it can often produce misleading results. 3）People and animals are different in their reactions to drugs and in the way their bodies work.
4）It would be completely irresponsible and unethical to use drugs on people that had not been thoroughly tested on animals. 5）The eventual aim of computer modeling is to reduce the number of animals used in experiments.
6）Many other new techniques are now available that enable more research to be done in the test tube to see if chemicals produce harmful biological effects.
7）The number of animals used in laboratory tests has declined over the last 20 years.
8）This is partly due to alternatives and partly to the fact that experiments are better
designed so fewer need to be used. 9）Professor David Morton of the department is involved in animal research and is concerned with reducing animal suffering as much as possible. 10）This includes keeping them in more suitable cages.
include 后面接动名词作宾语。 11）In the US，one experiment in nerve regeneration involves cutting a big nerve in a rat's leg. involve 后面接动名词作宾语。 12）When it comes to research into heart disease and its effects on the body，or diseases of the brain for example，we do not have adequate substitutes for the use of animals.
When it comes to 当提到 … 的时候
第十二单元 1.常考单词：
symptom intellectual detail initial
inventor confront sensitivity reflection
creativity character trace modest investment to substitute … for be contrary
to to put off be confronted with to gaze at be unaware of to impress…on be free from be beneficial to 2. 常考句子： 1）At its best，daydreaming was considered a compensatory
substitute for the real things in life.
2）There are always those who would substitute fantasy lives for the rewards of real activity.（para.2）
3）Most people suffer from a lack of daydreaming rather than an excess of it. （para.2）
4）Not only are they less able to deal with the pressure of day-to-day existence，but also their self -control and
self-direction become endangered. （para.2）
5）But its beneficial effects go beyond this. （para. 3）
Go beyond 表示“超越 …，不仅仅是 … ” 6）Historically，scientists and inventors are one group that seems to take full advantage of relaxed moments.
Take advantage of 利用
7）Whenever confronted with a task which seemed too hard to be dealt with，he would stretch out on his laboratory sofa and let fantasies flood his mind. （para.7） 8） Picture yourself as winning and that will contribute remarkably to success. The important thing to remember is to picture these desired objectives as if you had already attained them. 第十三单元 1.常考单词：
compel voluntary undertake coincide manual
efficiency compulsion division eliminate boring amusement so far as …knows to coincide
with attitude toward to go in for
2. 常考句子： 1）He cannot be really happy if h is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing.
2）Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends，not on the job itself，but on the tastes of the individual who undertake it.
3）The difference does not，for example，coincide with the difference between a manual and a mental job. 4）So that it is natural for him to imagine that the fewer hours he has to spend laboring，and the more hours he is free to play，the better.
第十四单元
1.常考单词：
device compassion grab belonging threatening convince foster persuasion avail suspect
profound to convince sb. to do sth. to comment on 2. 常考句子： 1）It was a microcassette found in Kathleen Weinstein's shirt pocket that not only led police to her alleged killer but also
revealed the New Jersey teacher to be a woman of extraordinary courage and compassion.
本句是个强调句，另外注意 found 的用法 2）It was there，police believe，that Weinstein was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag. 本句是强调句。 3）Weinstein's body，with hands and feet bound，was discovered by a hiker on March17.
4）But before she died she somehow slipped the microcassette into her pocket without her killer knowing it. 第十五单元 1.常考单词：
solely content sensible persist vital logic evaluate raw ultimate functional
extension undue concrete conquer error prolong technician proof possess to pull down to mistake…for to distinguish between to come to terms with to end in to reflect on to come about to speculate on 2.常考句子： 1）Electronic brains can reduce the profusion of dead ends involved in vital research.
2）Nor do they connect a man to 37.as a whole 总的来说，作为 85.at the moment 此刻，目前 the things he has to be connected 一个整体 38.as far as 86.at the rate of 以……速度或比to - the reality of pain in others. 就……而言，至于 率 注意本句的倒装形式。并且注意 39.as far as…be concerned 87.at the same time 同时，然“ connect … to ”表示“把 … 就……而言 40.as 而，不过 88.at the sight 与 … 连接起来”。 follows 如下 of 一看见就 3）The reason these matters are 41.as for 至于，关于 89.at times 有时候 important in a computerized age is 42.as if 好像，似乎，仿佛 B that there may be a tendency to 43.as long as 只要，如果，既 1.back and forth 来回地，反复mistake data for wisdom. 然，由于 44.as regards 地 2.back up 支持 本句中注意“ tendency ”后面在……方面，关于 3.bear… in mind 记住 要接动词不定式作定语。另外 45.as soon as 一 …… 就 4.because of 因为，由于 “ mistake … for ”表示“把 … 错46.as such 像这样的，就这点而论 5.before long 不久 认为 … ” 47.as though 好像，似乎，仿佛 6.long before 很久以前 4）For the danger is not so much 48.as to 至于，关于 7.beyond （all） doubt 无疑 that man will be controlled by the computer as that he may imitate it. 词组按照第一个词的字母顺序排列。动词不定式前的符号to均略去，形容词前面也不加系动词be A 1.a few 几个 2.a good deal 许多 3.a good many 许多 4.a great amount of 大量的 5.a great deal 大量的 6.a great many 很多 7.a little 一些，一点点 8.a lot of 许多，大量的 9.a number of 若干，许多 10.a variety of 种种，若干不同的 11.above all 首先，首要 12.according to 根据 13.after all 毕竟，终究 14.ahead of 在……前 15.all at once 突然 16.all but 几乎，差一点，除了……都 17.all in all 总的说来 18.all of a sudden 突然 19.all over 到处，遍及 20.all right 行，可以 21.all the better 更好，愈加 22.all the more 更加，愈加 23.all the same 仍然，尽管如此 24.all the time 一直，始终 25.all together 同时，一起 26.along with 与……一道，与……同时 27.among other things 除了其他方面，此外 28.and so forth 等等 29.and so on 等等 30.and the like 等等，诸如此类 31.anything but 除……外什么都 32.apart from 除去，撇开，除……之外 33.as a matter of fact 事实上，其实 34.as a result 作为结果，因此（插入语） 35.as a result of 作为……的结果 36.as a rule 通常，一般来说
49.as usual 照理，像平常一样 50.as well 也，又，同样地 51.as well as 除……之外（也），既……又 52.as yet 到目前为止，到当时为止 53.aside from 此外，除……还有 54.at a disadvantage 处于不利地位 55.at a guess 凭猜测 56.at a loss 困惑不解，茫然不知所措 57.at a stretch 连续不断地 58.at a time 同时，一次 59.at all 丝毫（不），一点（不） 60.at all costs 无论如何，不惜任何代价 61.at all events 不管怎样，无论如何 62.at all times 时常，有时 63.at any rate 无论如何，至少 64.at best 最多，充其量 65.at ease 舒适 66.at first 起初，最初 67.at first sight 一眼看去 68.at first thought 乍一想 69.at hand 在附近，近在手头 70.at intervals 不时，处处 71.at large 普遍地，一般地，自由地 72.at last 最终，终于 73.at least 至少，起码，无论如何 74.at length 终于，详细的 75.at most 至多，不超过 76.at no time 从不，决不 77.at once 立刻 78.at present 现在，目前 79.at one time 曾经，有一时期 80.at random 随机地，任意地 81.at sea 在海上，在航海中，迷惑，茫然 82.at what 而且 83.at the cost of 以……为代价 84.at the mercy of 受……支配，受……控制 8.beyond question 毫无问题，无可争辩 9.both…and （两者）都 10.break away 破除，脱离 11.break down 把…分解为 12.break in 打断（说话），闯进 13.break into 强行进入 14.break…into 分成（部分） 15.break off 弄断，打断 16.break out 突然发生，爆发 17.break through 突破，打通 18.break up打碎， 结束，驱散，散开，分解 19.bring…into effect 使…发 生作用 20.bring…into play 发挥，发扬，调动（积极性等） 21.bring about 带来，造成，引起 22.bring down 降低，减少，击落 23.bring forward 提出（建议论据等）把…提前 24.bring out 使显现，显示，生产，使产生 25.bring over 把…带来，使转变 26.bring up 抚养 27.build up 建立，增强 28.but for 倘没有，要不是 29.by accident 偶然地 30.by all means 尽一切办法 31.by and by 不久，迟早 32.by chance 偶然 33.by far 最， …得多 34.by hand 用手，用体力 35.by means of 通过，利用，用… 36.by mistake 错误地 37.by nature 生来，天生，就其本性而言 38.by no means 决不 39.by reason of 由于 40.by the way 顺便（说），附带地说 41.by virtue of 借助，由于 42.by way of 经过，经由，通过…方法 C
1.call for 要求；邀请 5.dig into 深入钻研 句来代替等等。比如：这个由 10人组2.call off 取消 6.dig out 发掘出，发现 成的委员会一致支持这一决定。 3.call on 拜访，访问 7.do away with 废除 The panel/committee/board 4.call up 打电话；召集；使想起 8.do one‘s best 尽全力；尽量 consisting of / 5.can not help but 禁不住 9.do with 处理；忍受 which was composed of 6.carry on 经营；进行；继续 10.do without 没有…也行，将就 which was made up of 7.care for 照顾；喜欢 11.draw in 进站 which consist of 8.carry off 拿走 12.draw on 吸收；依靠；临近 10 members supported the 9.carry out 执行，贯彻；进行 13.draw up 起草，制订 decision with one voice /all 到底 10.carry over 14.drop by 顺便访问 supported the decision . 延期；运输 15.drop in 顺便访问 3.注意书写和卷面整洁
11.catch one‘s breath 喘息；16.drop off 减弱 这个问题本来可以不提，但常常屏息 12.catch one‘s 17.drop out 退出 被考生忽略。有的考生在考试中信手 eye 引人注目 18.due to 因为 写来，一些不良的书写习惯也带了进
13.catch sight of 看见，发现 E 来，例如“r”“V”，不分，“i” 14.catch up with 赶上 15.check in 办理登记手续 16.check out 办理结帐手续 17.cheer up 高兴，振作起来 18.chear up 清理 19.come about 发生 20.come around 顺便过来 21.come into force 开始有效 22.come into play 开始起作用 23.come into power 上台；开始掌权 24.come off 从…离开；进行 25.come on 来吧 26.come out 出版，发表 27.come round 顺便过来 28.come though 经历 29.come to 苏醒，共计 30.come to terms with 达成协议 31.come true 实现 32.come up 出现 33.come up against 碰到 34.come up to 达到 35.come up with 追上，提出 36.comment on 对…评论 37.concerned with 关于；涉及；忙于；关心；关切 38.contrary to 与…相反 39.convict…of 证明…有罪，宣判…有罪 40.cope with 对付；处理 41.count on/upon 指望，依靠 42.cover up 掩饰，掩护 43.cut down on 减少对…之消耗量 44.cut in 打断，插嘴 45.cut off 切去，割掉；切断；使孤立 46.cut out 删掉 47.cut short 缩短，打断…（谈话） D 1.day by day 日复一日 2.deal with 对待，处理 3.die down 枯萎，凋谢 4.die out 消失，灭绝 1.each other 彼此 2.either…or 或者…或者， 不是…就是 3.end in 以…告终 4.end up 结束 5.even if 即使 6.even though 即使 7.every now and then 时时，不时的 8.every other 每隔一个 9.except for 除了…外；除去；撇开 自考“英语（二）”汉译英应试技巧 1.事先筹划，再来做题
在翻译每一个句子时，一定要事
先筹划：先要想好译成什么样的英语
句子结构，是简单句还是复合句，或
者是强调句、倒装句。如果选用了复
合句，那么要明确哪部分是主句，从
句采用的形式，是定语从句、状语从
句还是其他的从句。在一个句子内，
主语是什么，谓语用什么时态，是主
动还是被动，要不要虚拟语气，这些
都要事先筹划好。然后动笔进行翻译。
遣词造句过程中，要格外注意一些细
节问题：1）仔细斟酌、选用最能确切
表达原文意思的英文单词或词组；2）
名词的复数形式，动词的不规则变化，
主谓语的一致性：3）单词的拼写，标
点符号，大小写，冠词的使用等。任
何一个细节注意不到都可能出错丢
分。
2.灵活处理，提高把握
在翻译过程中，有时可能碰到一
些英语单词不会写，这时千万不能灰
心丧气，甚至放弃整个句子。这时可
以寻找意思相近而自己熟悉的词或词
组来代替。最好不要把那个词空着，
更不要用汉字去替代。
对句子的结构同样也可以灵活处
理，有些没把握的结构，可以用比较
有把握的结构来代替。例如，复合句
没有把握，可以用两个简单句来表示；
分词做状语没有把握，可以用状语从
“l”，不分……，有的常常遗忘标点 符号，从而造成不必要的丢分。 在对此题进行备考复习时，首先对以往做过的“汉译英”作业进行复 习，特别是作业中的错误之处，要进行思考，以求提高水平和技巧。 其余的，则可和总复习一起进行，如语法复习、课文复习、单词复习等。但在复习过程中，对一些重点句、重点语法现象，除了记忆之外也要往“汉译英‘这方面想一想，自己给自己提问题：若要考汉译英，这部分可能出什么类型题？这样就会印象更深。 从最近几年的考试情况来看，汉
译英主要包括定语从句、形容词或副
词的比较级、被动语态、虚拟语气、
it作形式主语或形式宾语、强调句型
等。当然，汉译英的目的是将汉语的
句意用规范的英语表达出来，用什么
语法结构和词语是手段问题，只要译
文的句意与原文一致，不出现重大的
语法错误，拼写正确，就符合翻译的
要求。
五、英译汉（Translation from
English into Chinese） 应试技巧
1.准确理解
1）了解英汉表达手段的重大差别
A）英语习惯用被动语态，而汉语
习惯用主动语态。汉语句子时常没有
主语，而英语句子除了个别特殊情况
（如祈使句、感叹句）以外，不能没
有主语。所以，在翻译时，-定要把握
英汉两种语言的不同表达习惯，既要
忠实于原文，又要符合汉语的表达习
惯。
例如：Something must be done to
protect our environment from
further pollution.
（必须采取措施，使我们的环境
免受进一步的污染。）
B）英语习惯用从句（长句），而
汉语习惯用单句（短句）。在考试中
要善于运用分译法，用汉语的短句来
表达英语长句的内容。
自考本科英语二复习资料
