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工程热力学课后题答案

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R8.314??0.297?kJ?kg.K??M28

p1V?2.0?0.1??106?1.5m???21.09?kg?3RgT10.29?10??230?273?Rg?(1)

77Rg??0.297?1.04?kJ?kg.K??2255cV?Rg??0.297?0.742?kJ?kg.K??

22Q?mcV?t?21.09?0.742??750?230??8.137?103?kJ?cp????mcp?t?21.09?1.04?750?230??1.141?104?kJ?(2)查得

Cp,m?a0?a1T?a2T2a0?27.3146,a1?5.2335?10?3,a2??0.42?10?8n?M21.09??0.7532?kmol?m282222211111Q??nCV,mdT?n??Cp,m?R?dT?n?nCp,mdT?nR?dT?n?a0?a1T?aT2dT?nR?Taa??2?n?a0T?1T2?2T3?TT1?nR?T2?T1?23??1?0.7532?[27.3146??1023?503???5.2335?10?3?2110232?5032????0.42??10?8?10232?5032?0.7532?8.314??1023?503?]?9.005?103?kJ?3??????????nCp,mdT?Q?nR?T12?9.005?103?0.7532?8.314??1023?503??1.226?104?kJ?(3)查得

cpcV23002300?1.045kJ?kg.K?,cp?0.748kJ?kg.K?,cV75007500?1.092kJ?kg.K??0.796kJ?kg.K?3Q?mc?t2p0.t2?ct1p0.t1?21.09??0.796?750?0.748?230??8.962?10?kJ??

???mcpt02.t2?cpt01.t1?21.09??1.092?750?1.045?230??1.22?104?kJ?精品资料

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(4)查得

cpcVt2t1t2t1?1.032?0.00008955t?1.032?0.00008955??230?750??1.120?kJ?kg.K???cpt2t1t2t1?Rg?1.12?0.297?0.823?kJ?kg.K??Q?mcV.?t?21.09?0.823??750?230??9.026???mcptt12.?t?21.09?1.12??750?230??1.228?104?kJ?

11. 某氢冷却发电机的氢气入口参数为

pg1?0.2MP,at1?40?C,出口参数为

pg2?0.19MP,at2?66?C。若每分钟入口处体积流量为1.5m3,试求氢气经过发电机后的热力学

能增量、焓增量和熵增量。设大气压力为(1)按定值比热容计算;

(2)按平均比热容直线关系式计算。 解

pb?0.1MPa。

Rg?

R?4.157?kJ?kg.K??M?8.314p1?pb?pg1?0.1?0.2?0.3?MPa?p2?pb?pg2?0.1?0.19?0.29?MPa?

p1qV10.3?106?1.5qm???0.3459?kgmin?

RgT14.157?103??40?273?(1) 按定值比热

77Rg??4.157?14.55?kg?kg.K??22cV?cp?Rg?14.55?4.157?10.39?kJ?kg.K??cp??U?qmcV?t?0.3459?10.39??66?40??93.44?kJmin????qmcp?t?0.3459?14.55??66?40??130.9?kJmin??T2p2?60?2730.29????S?qm?cln?Rln?0.3459?14.55ln?4.157ln???0.4504?kJ?K.min??pg??T1p1?40?2730.3???精品资料

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(2)按平均比热容的直线关系式

cpcV

66?C40?C66?C40?C?143.3?0.0005945??66?40??14.39?kJ?kg.K???10.12?0.0005945??66?40??10.18?kJ?kg.K??t2t1?U?qmcV?t?0.3459?10.18??66?40??91.55?kJkg?

?t2T2p2???S?qm?cln?Rlng?pt1Tp1?1??66?2730.29???0.3459??14.39ln?4.157ln??0.4459?kJ?K.min??3130.3??12. 利用内燃机排气加热水的余热加热器中,进入加热器的排气(按空气处理)温度为300为80??C,出口温度

C。不计流经加热器的排气压力变化,试求排气经过加热器的比热力学能变化,比焓变化和比熵的

变化。

(1)按定值比热容计算; (2)按平均比热容(表)计算。 答案

(1)

?u??157.9kJkg

?h??221.0kJkg?s??0.4866kJ?kg.K?(2)

?u??162.1kJkg

?h??225.3kJkg?s??0.4966kJ?kg.K???600kPa,600C100kPa,300C,略去动能、位能变化,

13. 进入气轮机的空气状态为,绝热膨胀到

并设大气温度为

T0?300K,试求:

(1)每千克空气通过气轮机输出的轴功; (2)过程的熵产及有效能损失,并表示在T?s图上;

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(3)过程可逆膨胀到100kPa输出的轴功。 解 (1)

ws???h?h1?h2?cp?t1?t2??1.004??600?300??301.4kJkg

(2)

?sg??s?cplnT2p573100?Rgln2?1.004ln?0.287ln?0.0913?kJ?kg.K?? T1p1873600i?T0?sg?300?0.0913?27.39?kJkg?

熵产?sg及有效能损失i如图3-36中阴影面积所示。

(3)

k?10.4????kkRgT1??p2??1.4?0.287?8731.4100????351.4?kJkg? ?wsh?wt?1?????1???????600??k?1??p1??1.4?1??????14.由氧气、氮气和二氧化碳组成的混合气体,各组元的摩尔数为

nO2?0.08mol,nN2?0.65mol,nCO2?0.3mol

试求混合气体的体积分数、质量分数和在

p?400kPa,t?27?C时的比体积。

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n??ni??0.08?0.65?0.3??1.03?mol?0.08?0.078n1.03nN0.65xN2?2??0.631n1.03xCO2?1?xO2?xN2?1?0.078?0.631?0.291xO2??Meq??xiMi?0.078?32?0.63?28?0.291?44?32.94?gmol?wO2?wN2?xO2MO2MeqxN2MN2Meq??0.078?32?0.07632.940.631?28?0.53632.94nO2wCO2?1?wO2?wN2?1?0.076?0.536?0.388Rg,eq?v?R8.314??0.252?kJ?kg.K??Meq32.940.252?103?300??0.0189m3kg3400?10Rg,eqTp??w?

Rgk?115.试证明:对于理想气体的绝热过程,若比热容为定值,则无论过程是否可逆,恒有 式中:T1和T2分别为过程初终态的温度。

证明 对于理想气体的绝热过程,有

?T1?T2?

w???u??cV?T?cV?T1?T2?

??cp?cV?Rg???cpcV?kcV?Rgk?1Rgk?1

w??T1?T2?

证毕

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工程热力学课后题答案

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________R8.314??0.297?kJ?kg.K??M28p1V?2.0?0.1??106?1.5m???21.09?kg?3R
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