形容词
第一章 比较级、最高级变化一览表
规则变化
1. 单音节以及少数双音节的词尾加上 bright （明亮的）— brighter — brightest cheap（便宜的）— cheaper —cheapest clever （聪明的）— cleverer — cleverest cool （凉的）— cooler — coolest dear （贵的）— dearer — dearest fast （迅速的）— faster — fastest great（伟大的）— greater — greatest high （高的）— higher — highest light （轻的）— lighter
— lightest
loud （响亮的）— louder — loudest near （近的）— nearer — nearest poor （穷的）— poorer — poorest quiet （安静的）— quieter —quietest short （短的）— shorter — shortest small （小的）— smaller — smallest soft（柔软的）—softer —softest thick （厚的）— thicker
— thickest
“ er ” “ est ” 构成比较级、最高级：
broad clean cold dark deep few hard kind long low new quick rich slow smart strong
tall warm young
（广阔的） — broader — broadest （干净的）— cleaner — cleanest （寒冷的）— colder — coldest （黑暗的）— darker — darkest （深的）— deeper —deepest （少的）— fewer — fewest
（困难的，硬的）— harder — hardest （善良的）— kinder — kindest （长的）— longer —longest （低的）— lower — lowest （新的）— newer— newest
（快的）— quicker — quickest （富裕的）— richer — richest （慢的）— slower —slowest
（聪明的）— smarter — smartest （强壮的）— stronger — strongest （高的） -taller - tallest
（温暖的）— warmer— warmest （年轻的）— younger — youngest
sweet （甜的）— sweeter — sweetest
weak（弱的）— weaker — weakest -est
2 以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词
（即重读闭音节词） ，双写结尾的辅音字母 er ，
（胖的）— fatter — fattest
big （大的）— bigger — biggest hot （热的）— hotter — hottest sad（伤心的）— sadder — saddest wet （湿的）— wetter — wettest 特别提醒： new, few, slow, clean
fat red
thin mad
（红的）— redder — reddest
（瘦的）— thinner — thinnest （疯的）— madder— maddest
等词含有字母组合，且发的是长元音，不用双写。
3. 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的形容词，加上 able （能干的）— abler — ablest close （接近的）— closer — closest large （巨大的）— larger —largest nice （好的）— nicer — nicest rude （粗鲁的）— ruder — rudest wise （睿智的，聪明的）—
“ r ” “st ” 构成比较级、最高级： brave
（勇敢的）— braver —bravest （好的，完美的）— finer — finest （迟的）— later —latest （成熟的）— riper — ripest （安全的）— safer — safest
wide white
（宽广的）— wider — widest （白的）— whiter — whitest
fine late safe
ripe
strange （奇怪的）— stranger — strangest
wiser — wisest
4. “以辅音字母 +y”结尾的词改 y 为 i ，再加 -er, -est
busy （忙碌的）— busier — busiest dirty （脏的）— dirtier —dirtiest
dry （干燥的）— drier — driest easy（容易的）—easier —easiest funny （好玩的）— funnier
early friendly
（早的）— earlier
（友好的）— friendlier
— earliest — friendliest — heaviest — laziest — prettiest — spiciest
—funniest happy
heavy lazy
naughty pretty spicy
ugly
（开心的）— happier — happiest （重的）— heavier （懒惰的）— lazier （美丽的）— prettier
（辣的）— spicier
healthy （健康的）— healthier — healthiest hungry （饿的）— hungrier —hungriest lucky（幸运的）— luckier — luckiest noisy（嘈杂的）— noisier — noisiest silly （傻的） —sillier
—silliest
thirsty （渴的）— thirstier 5. 双音节、多音节形容词
（调皮的）—naughtier — naughtiest
— thirstiest （丑的）— uglier — ugliest
) ，在单词前面加上
( 即音标中含有三个或三个以上元音音素的词
“more” “ most” 构成比较级、最高级： afraid （害怕的）— more afraid — most afraid beautiful
（美丽的）— more beautiful
— most beautiful
careful （仔细的）— more careful —most careful cheerful （开心的）— more cheerful — most cheerful crowded （拥挤的）— more crowded —most crowded delicious （美味的）— more delicious difficult
（困难的）— more difficult
dangerous （危险的）— more dangerous — most dangerous
— most delicious — most difficult
— most exciting — most expensive
exciting （令人兴奋的）— more exciting expensive （昂贵的）— more expensive frightened （受惊的）— more frightened frightening
famous （著名的）— more famous — most famous
（令人害怕的）— more frightening
— most frightened
— most frightening
hard-working （勤奋的）— more hard-working — most hard-working helpful （有帮助的）— more helpful — most helpful honest （诚实的）— more honest — most honest important （重要的）— more important interesting
— most important
（有趣的）— more interesting—most interesting
— most terrible
polite （有礼貌的）— more polite —most polite terrible （可怕的）— more terrible 特别提醒：以形容前缀
tired （累的）— more tired — most tired
un 构成的三音节形容词不适合上述情况，
如： unhappy-unhappier-unhappiest, untidy-untidier-untidiest
6. 以形容词 +ly 构成的副词要在前面加 特别提醒： early -earlier-earliest
more ， most
Slowly-more slowly-most slowly quickly-more quickly-most quickly
7. 由 ing 分词和 -ed 分词演变过来的形容词 或 most 来表示它们的比较级和最高级。
( 包括不规则动词如 know→ known) 只能加 more
interesting- more interesting excited- more excited
-most interesting
- most exciting
tired- more tired boring-more boring
- most tired
-most boring
不规则变化
bad（坏的）— worse — worst
far （远的）— farther — farthest good（好的）— better (far — best ill （病的）— worse — worst little
（少的）— less — least
many（多的）— more— most much（多的）— more— most
old （年老的）— older — oldest ( old well （好的，身体好的）— 特别提醒：
— further — furthest)
— elder — eldest)
better — best
◇ further 不仅可以指 “距离更远 ”，还可指 “程度更深 ”。记住以下三个词组： further
study( 进修 ) further education(
继续教育 ) further information ( : elder sister(
进一步的信息 )
◇elder 仅用于同辈之间的排行，如
姐姐 ) elder brother (
“更少 ”要用
哥哥 )
◇less 作为 “更少 ”仅用来修饰不可数名词，修饰可数名词表示
fewer 。
第二章
形容词副词比较级较难考点
◇少数单音节词前面加 more, most 构成比较级和最高级，这类形容词一般为表语形容词和由过去分词变成的形容词
afraid -more afraid, most afraid
tired - more tired , most tired glad -more glad , most glad
fond - more fond , most fond bored - more bored , most bored
pleased---- more pleased , most pleased
级和最高
◇ 下 列形容词 和副词的比较 级有两种形式
，即：既
可加 -er/-est
more/most
strict, often, friendly, clever
也可 加
◇ 下列形容词和副词没有比较级和最高 （即表示 “最高程度 ”或 “绝对状态 ”的形容词和副词没 有比较级和最高级） 如：empty, wrong, perfect, unique, extreme, excellent, favourite, true, right, correct, extremely ... ◇比较应在同类事物之间进行。 误： Your English is better than me. 正： Your English is better than mine.
◇比较级前可以有一个表示程度的状语，最常见的三大修饰词是：
以下单词也可用来修饰：
any, far, still, a lot, yet, rather
a little, much, even 。
。
My sister is a little taller than me. Their house is much larger than ours.
另外，名词短语也可修饰比较级，说明程度。
I ’ m three years older than he.
特别提醒： very, quite, too
不可修饰比较级。
◇避免重复使用比 。
： He is more kinder to small animals than I. 正： He is much kinder to small animals than I. ： He is more cleverer than his brother. 正： He is cleverer than his brother.
◇比 要符合 ， 在同一范 内比 ， 避免将主 含在比 象中， 需使用 other 来排除自身。
： China is larger that any country in Asia.
正： China is larger than any other country in Asia. ： John studies harder than any student in his class.
正： John studies harder than any other student in his class.
正： John studies harder than any of the other students in his class. 正： John studies harder than anyone else in his class. ◇比 要遵循前后一致的原 ，注意前后呼 。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
◇序数 通常只修 最高 。
Africa is the second largest continent.
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. This is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson.
that, those, one, ones ◇ 避免重复，我 通常用名
代替可数名 复数。 those
数和不可数名 ， 名 。
The weather in China is different from that in America. The book on the table is more interesting than that( A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.
代替前面出 的名 。 that 代替可数
one 既可指人又可指物，只能代替可数
或 the one)on the desk.
： In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than it of Shanghai. 正： In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai. ◇“否定
+ 比 ”相当于最高 。
----Wait until we get a satisfactory reply, will you? ----I couldn't agree more. The idea sounds great to me. Nothing is so easy as this.
=Nothing is easier than this.
=This is the easiest
thing.
◇比 前一般不加冠 。但表示两者中 突出者，且比 后又有名 或出 了 of the two ， 比 前一定要加 the 。 He is the taller of the two. Of the two jobs 比 ：
Which is larger, Canada or Australia?
Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters.
◇不含 than 的比 前可加不定冠 修 ，构成“ a/an+ 比 + 数可数名 ”表示“一个更??的人 / 物”。
， he chose the harder.
Which is the younger one, Lily or Lucy?
Why don’ t you use a sharper knife? ◇比
He is taller than I/me.
◇ 避免重复，比 中同 的 用助
你 什么不用一把更 利的刀呢？
than 后 用人称代 的主格，但非正式 体中常用 格。
do, does, did
替代。
I spend less time doing homework than John does. She tells more funny jokes than we do.
以下内容不是初中教学的重点， 供拓展之用。 ◇形容
most 前面没有 the ，不表示最高 的含 ，只表示“非常”
。
It is a most important problem.=It is a very important problem. ◇倍数表达法
▲ A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B. The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one. 座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高） Asia is four times as large as Europe.
Your school is three times bigger than ours. times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用
/ 座新楼比那座旧楼大（高）三倍。
洲是欧洲的四倍大
/ 洲比欧洲大三倍。
▲ A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. ▲ A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.
你 的学校比我 的学校大三倍。用
twice 或 double.
第三章 形容词副词比较级最高级重点句型归纳
◇句型一：形容 或副 比 □注意事 ：
句型 比 的最基本句型。只要看到 He is taller than I am.
+than ?
than ，即可确定前面使用比 。
The boy does his homework more carefully than the girl. ◇句型二： less + □注意事 ：
句型表示“不如、不及”
，特 需要注意的是，
less 本身就是 little
的比 ，后面必
跟形容 的原 ，否定就造成了比 的重复使用。 This computer is less expensive than that one. ◇句型三： as + 形容 或副 的原 □注意事 ：
句型表示 比的两者程度相当， （如
be，感官
as 之 必 跟形容 或副 的原 ，决不能使用比 。
as 前的 ，如果是系
等），那么就用形容 的原 ，
此外， 要确定使用形容 是副 。确定的依据就是根据第一个
look, sound, smell, taste, feel
如果前面的 是一般的 ，那么就必 用副 的原 修 。 This lesson is as easy as that one.
Lucy talks with old people as politely as her sister. 特 提醒： as? as 之 也可以跟名 ，句型如下：
☆ as + 形容 + a/an + 数名 +as He is as kind a person as his father. I can carry as much paper as you can.
他和他爸爸一 都是善良的人。 你能搬多少 ，我也能。
☆ as + many/much+ 不可数名 / 可数名 复数 +as
+ as
形容 的原
+ than
(word完整版)英语常见形容词及比较级、最高级变化一览表.docx
