本科论文
目 录
摘 要 .................................................................................................................... I Abstract..................................................................................................................... II 引 言 ................................................................................................................... 1 1我国医疗过失认定标准 ......................................................................................... 3
1.1我国医疗过失认定标准 ................................................................................ 3 1.2医疗过失认定标准 ........................................................................................ 3 2我国医疗过失认定标准在司法实践中存在的问题 ............................................. 7
2.1我国法律规定的医疗过失认定标准适用困难 ............................................ 7 2.2医疗人员欠缺规范的注意义务 .................................................................... 7 2.3法官医疗专业性影响裁量的准确 ................................................................ 8 3国外关于医疗过失认定标准的立法例或实务见解 ........................................... 10
3.1英国和美国的立法例或实务见解 .............................................................. 10 3.2日本的立法例或实务见解 .......................................................................... 10 3.3德国的立法例或实务见解 .......................................................................... 11 4我国医疗过失认定标准的完善 ........................................................................... 12
4.1完善以医疗当时临床医疗水平的相关规定 .............................................. 12 4.2建立统一的医生注意义务标准 .................................................................. 14 4.3合理分担医疗损害风险责任 ...................................................................... 15 结 论 ................................................................................................................. 16 参考文献 ................................................................................................................. 17 致 谢 ................................................................................................................. 18
本科论文
摘 要
在我国医疗纠纷案件每年都在快速增长,对社会产生了负面影响,这一现象让法学界关注并探讨法律如何更好解决这一类案件。医疗损害的相关内容在侵权法第七章中有特别规定。但是,在实践中,医疗损害案件的判决仍然存在适用上的难题,时常引起医患纠纷,对社会产生不好的影响。
本论文共分四个部分,第一部分是对我国医疗过失认定标准进行了研究,关于医疗过失认定的标准,从相关规定来看,主要在于其是否依法履行了医护人员的注意义务。对这个问题的学术观点可归纳为具体标准以及抽象标准。第二部分是提出了司法实践中存在的问题,就比如,法条中仅用“当时”来界定,而相关法律规范或司法解释中却没有对如何界定该标准的规定,给具体案件的适用带来了困难。第三部分是分析了英美、日本、德国等国家和地区的医疗过失认定标准,第四部分是对我国学术界关于医疗过失认定标准的讨论,提出了完善的建议。由于医学本身的复杂性和特殊性,完善认定标准时不仅要确认当时的医疗水平,而且还要确认其个人医疗技术水平等相关因素。
关键词:医疗过失;认定标准;医疗注意义务;医疗损害
本科论文
Abstract
Medical disputecases in China are growing rapidly every year, which has a negative impact on society, which makes the legal profession pay attention to and explore how the law can better solve this kind of case. The relevant content of medical damage is specifically provided for in Chapter 7 of the Tort Law. However, in practice, the judgment of medical damage cases still has the difficult problem of application, which often causes medical-patient disputes and has a bad impact on society.
This paper is divided into four parts, the first part is to study the standard of medical negligence determination in China, the standard of medical negligence determination, from the relevant provisions, mainly lies in whether it fulfills the duty of care of medical personnel according to law. The academic view of this problem can be summed up as concrete and abstract standards. The second part is to put forward the problems in judicial practice, for example, the law is only defined by \ine the provisions of the standard, to the application of specific cases brought difficulties. The third part is to analyze the standard of medical negligence determination in Britain, America, Japan, Germany and other countries and regions, and the fourth part is to discuss the standard of medical negligence determination in our country's academic circles, and put forward some suggestions. Because of the complexity and particularity of medicine itself, it is necessary to confirm not only the medical level at that time, but also the relevant factors such as the level of personal medical technology.
Keywords: medical negligence; identification criteria; medical care obligations; medical damage
本科论文
引 言
医疗的进步和法律维权意识的增强,社会有关于医疗损害的诉讼增多,社会对医患矛盾的关注越来越多。在我国的医院与患者的产生纠纷,常常表现为医生的在对患者手术操作时非正常的失败造成患者受伤,医疗机构的管理缺位,对各种安全隐患视而不见,医疗护理活动未依法进行等。医护人员在医疗病人前,隐瞒患者目前的病情,不将病情详细情况告知患者就进行医疗行为,也未告知患者医疗后可能面临的因治疗产生的不良结果等。医生应全面、真实地告知患者及患者家属疾病相关情况,然而医生患者常常因为缺少沟通让医患纠纷时常发生。
在医患关系紧张中国如何处理好医患纠纷这一复杂的案件,医疗过失的认定标准是解决案件的关键。医疗过失的认定标准,目前各国学界有许多精辟的学说。医疗过失的认定主要取决于医护人员是否依法履行注意义务。我国学术界可以概括为两种标准:具体的标准和抽象的标准。医疗过失的认定,在我国,主要是根据医务人员是否尽到了注意义务,即取决于“当时医疗水平”。但由于目前只有一些法规,还没有具体的规定,造成了法官审理案件时法律适用上的很难抉择。例如,医护人员的注意义务的规定比较复杂、混乱、无系统化。又如法官在判断医疗过失时缺乏医学相关的专业知识最终导致法官过于依赖专家鉴定意见,在司法审判大多以专家意见为依据,没有发挥自由裁量权。
既维护患者的权益又维护医护人员的权益,需要全社会的共同努力我国保险中有医疗过失险,但尚未得到普及和法律确认,没有成为维护双方权益的一种途径。如法律能予以确认这一险种,医疗风险的责任保险将在一定程度上具有强制性。那么这一险种也将会普及开,成为维护医患纠纷当事人的一种救济途径,也将减少医疗诉讼案件。如果医疗机构在开展诊疗活动前给诊疗投保,可以有效分散风险责任,减轻医护人员风险责任负担。再借助国家的力量和社会公益帮助。重大难以治疗的疾病,医生可以放心的全力治疗,患者也会更相信医生,这将极大的减少医疗纠纷,让社会更和谐。