考点规范练32(选修7 Unit 2)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Robots have proven very useful in different situations.But those robots are small remote-controlled tanks with a mechanical arm,and they can get hung up on narrow stairwells(楼梯井) and are stopped by ladders.“A lot of the places where you do
disaster recovery are only accessible for people,”says Marc Raibert,the president of Boston Dynamics,which is providing advice and help for Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA)—the scientific research department of the U.S. military(军队)—to create the most advanced robots on earth.“If you’re a humanoid—a machine or creature with the appearance and qualities of a human—access can be increased and you can use available tools.”In the future DARPA hopes,a humanoid robot will be able to drive trucks,and enter power plants.
That future is a long way off.Simple movements like squatting(蹲) are almost impossible for something with metal parts and skin that cannot bend,says
Raibert.Still,recent progress is impressive enough that the military has begun to bet on legged bots.The Office of Naval Research is working with Virginia Tech on a humanoid firefighting robot,and Dynamics showed off two of its latest
projects:Cheetah,a four-legged robot capable of running 28 miles per hour,and the Legged Squad Support System,a big and awkward headless robot funded by DARPA and the Marine Corps to help carry things in places like mountain areas.
“Half the land on earth is too rough,sandy,or rocky for wheeled things,”says Raibert.“Humans and animals can go to those places.They are the only examples of successful systems that do what we’re trying to do.”
None of the walking robots is meant to fight.They’re designed to put out fires and clean up industrial accidents.But they are all funded by the military.“I’m well aware of how the world works,”says Dennis Hong,founding director of Virginia Tech’s robotics lab.“Robots for me are tools to help society,not to fight in wars.But once a technology leaves our lab,there’s no way to control how people can use it.” 1.In Marc Railbert’s opinion,robots need to be designed like humans to . A.accomplish complex tasks B.be controlled efficiently C.survive disasters D.appear friendly
2.Which of the following is most likely to be Cheetah?
3.The underlined word “They”in Paragraph 3 most probably refers to . A.Cheetah and the Legged Squad Support System B.humans and animals C.wheeled things D.legged robots
4.How does Dennis Hong feel about using robots in wars?
A.Surprised. B.Cautious. C.Uninterested. D.Helpless.
B
When it comes to preschool education,there are two lines of thought.One says that preschoolers need to be taught early academic skills in order to get a leg up on future school achievement.Another says the focus should be on social and emotional development.But,new research from Penn State University says a high quality preschool program should do both.
Karen Bierman,Penn State Professor of Psychology,and her team studied 350
preschoolers.Half were taught the traditional curriculum(课程).The other half were given the basic curriculum as well as social and emotional teachings.
The results show that the half students taught with a curriculum that includes social lessons,such as sharing,listening,and self-control,score higher in both the social and academic areas of school readiness that the other half students.
The other finding is that when you work on both academic and social-emotional skills,you get stronger gains in both areas.“You get the combined power when you put both together,so neither area is weakened,”she says.
Clearly,knowing how to share,develop healthy friendships,and learn side-by-side with others is important to a child’s academic achievement in the
classroom.But,Bierman says the importance of social and emotional education goes beyond that.Preschool is prime time for the development of self-regulation,which not only tells a child not to hit another child,but also tells a child how to set
personal goals and focus himself enough to follow through with those goals.And the ability to regulate behavior is what helps children get motivated at school.“When they get upset,bored,or frustrated,it doesn’t defeat them,”she says.
Goal-oriented(面向目标的) and motivated learning is best taught in
preschool,Bierman says,when the prefrontal part of the brain,which controls decision-making,is at the height of development.“First grade teachers can teach letter
names,but preschool is when that behavior is peaking and language is just beginning to develop,”she says.
5.Karen Bierman and her team carried out the research by . A.tracking 350 preschoolers for years
B.separating children into two equal groups C.working out a high quality preschool program
D.analyzing the importance of social and emotional teaching
6.The underlined words “prime time”in the text probably refer to . A.the best time B.the only time C.the earliest time D.the suitable time
7.According to the text,self-regulation can help children . A.be willing to study B.become emotionless C.memorize letter names D.learn language quickly
8.What’s the best title for the text?
A.Preschool learning:more than ABCs and 123s
B.Karen Bierman:freeing kids from boring learning
C.Learning self-regulation in preschool:why it matters?
D.Academic and social-emotional skills:which is more important? Ⅱ.七选五
Five simple things that are actually complex
The proof for “1+1=2”is 300 pages long
1. In the early 20th century,Bertrand Russell wanted to prove that mathematics worked,so he decided to start with the simplest concept and prove
1+1=2.However,it took the mathematician and philosopher 372 pages of complex sums. Defining the word “the” is really difficult
The word “the”is one of the most common words in English.2. For
example,why do we say,“I have the flu,”but not“I have the headache?”In the Oxford English Dictionary,there are almost two dozen different ways the word can be used in a sentence correctly: Yawning
Some people say we yawn to keep us alert(警觉的) by taking in
oxygen.However,various experiments have shown that yawning actually cools down the brain.3. As for why yawning is contagious(感染性的),no one knows that either. Left and right have been confusing philosophers for years
Would you explain the concept of left and right in terms of your relative
position to a well-known landmark(地标性建筑)?4. It’s a question that has been puzzling philosophers for years because,without a point of reference,it’s difficult to define what left and right actually are. 5.
You’d think that the reason we enjoy things is because it feels good in some way,but it’s only half the story.There’s a famous experiment where wine experts were fooled into thinking a cheap bottle of wine was an outstanding one just by
switching the labels.Their enjoyment of the product wasn’t based on appreciation of wine—it was based on the fact that they were told it was good wine. A.What you feel may not be the truth.
B.We enjoy things for reasons other than enjoyment.
C.But what if you were talking to one who couldn’t see?
D.We all know that one plus one equals two,but do you know why?
E.In fact,there is no universally agreed theory for why we actually yawn. F.Maybe you’d refer to the move of the Earth or something comparably huge. G.Most of us have probably never stopped to think about how strange a word it actually is. Ⅲ.书面表达
假设你是李华。你的美国同学戴维曾在中国与你一起学习了半年,但回国后就失去了联系。请你给他的爸爸史密斯先生发一封邮件,感谢戴维对你英语学习的帮助,询问他的近况和联系方式并邀请他在春节期间来中国旅游。
注意:1.词数100左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.邮件的格式已给出,不计入总词数。 Dear Mr.Smith,
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
?导学号95480051?
高优指导(全国通用)2017高考英语一轮复习 考点规范练32 unit 2 robots 新人教版选修7
