17.【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term resting. Instead, she is earning ￡6，500 a day as 62.________ model in New York. 【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。根据句意和语境可知，萨拉只是纽约众多模特中的一个，是泛指；而且model的第一个音素是辅音音素，故用不定冠词a。
18.【2017·浙江卷6月考】For Pahlsson, its return was 65.________ wonder. 【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。此处a wonder表示“一个奇迹”，所以需要不定冠词a。
19.【2017·全国卷Ⅰ】There has been a recent trend in the food service industry towards lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62.________ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. 【答案】effects
【解析】考查名词复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些意料之外的副作用”，根据前文的some可知副作用有很多，故填effects。
20.【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometres and allowed people to avoid terrible 61.________ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work. 【答案】crowds
【解析】考查名词复数。伦敦人口众多，导致路面交通拥堵，于是修建地铁。用crowds这一复数形式，表示不断涌现的人群，用来形容人口稠密。
21. 【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】This development was only possible with the 69.________ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. 【答案】introduction
【解析】考查名词。该词在此作with的宾语，意思是“引入方法、手段”等。由于其后带有介词of，故只能用introduction。
22.【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】She is determined to carry on with her 66.________ (educate)．
She has turned down several 67.________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. 【答案】education
【解析】考查名词。前面是形容词性物主代词her，故用名词形式。 【答案】invitations
【解析】考查名词复数。根据句意“她拒绝了几个邀请”可知，此处需要填名词，而且invitation是可数名词，前面有several修饰，故用复数形式。
23.【2017·浙江卷6月考】Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56.________ (carrot) and was about to throw them away. 【答案】carrots
【解析】考查名词。根据a handful of可知，应该有一把小胡萝卜，所以用carrot的复数形式。
24.【2016·全国新课标II】。Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 42 (achieve). Recent 46 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. 【答案】achievement
【解析】考查名词。横线前面有介词of，横线上要使用名词achievement作为of的宾语。句意：首先处理重要的事情，那么你会有成就感。 【答案】studies
【解析】考查名词单复数。本句的谓语动词是show，说明主语是复数名词studies。
25.【2016·全国新课标III】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 48 (develop) of chopsticks. 【答案】development
【解析】考查词性转换。the＋名词＋of，意为“……的……”，这里指“筷子的发展”，故填development。
III.短文改错
1.【2019·新课标I卷·短文改错】Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me. 【答案】 Suddenly
? football fell just in front of me and almost hit me. a【解析】考查冠词。名词football为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现，故在football前加a；考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。
2.【2019·新课标III卷·短文改错】Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style. 【答案】 an→a
【解析】考查冠词。unique为辅音音素发音的单词，用不定词时需用a。故将an改为a。
3.【2019·新课标I卷·短文改错】All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent for football.
【答案】player改为players。
【解析】考查名词的数。player（运动员）为可数名词，此时all（所有的）后需要用player的复数形式。故将player改为players。
4. 【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】Since I was a kid, I`ve considered different job I would like to do. 【答案】job改为jobs
【解析】考查名词。本句中的different表示“不同的”，后面的名词job应该使用复数形式，故job改为jobs。 5. 【2019·新课标III卷·短文改错】I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city. 【答案】city → cities
【解析】考查名词的数。many修饰可数名词的复数。故将city改为cities。
6.【2018·全国I】During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. 【答案】countryside前加the
【解析】考查冠词。去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。 6.【2018·全国II】As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not let me. 【答案】把the改为a。
【解析】考查冠词。这里表示“作为一个孩子”，a用在表示泛指的单数名词前，the表示特指。故把the改为a。
8.【2018·全国III】I had done myself homework but I was shy. 【答案】myself改成my，或改为定冠词the
【解析】考查代词错误。句意：我已经完成了自己的作业。表示“我的”用my不用myself，或改为定冠词the也可以。
9.【2018·全国I】Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. 【答案】chicken改成chickens
【解析】考查名词复数。他们拥有一个大的独立住宅，还养了许多只鸡。根据前文的dozens of可知，其后用名词复数形式。
10. 【2018·全国II】When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. 【答案】考查名词。
【解析】名词作定语，往往表明被修饰名词的时间、地点、类别、目的或用途、材料或来源等。名词所有格作定语则强调与被修饰的词的所有关系或表示逻辑上的谓语关系。此处表示“星期五晚上”，并不是所有关系，故把Friday’s改为Friday。 【答案】考查名词单复数。
【解析】all表示三者或三者以上，后用名词复数。故把sort改为sorts。
11. 【2018·全国III】The classroom is a place for learning and that include leaning from textbooks, and mistake as well.
【答案】include改成includes
【解析】考查主谓一致。that作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数includes。 【答案】mistake改成mistakes
【答案】考查名词单复数。错误不是一个，所以要用复数mistakes。 12.【2017·全国卷Ⅰ】I still remember how hard first day was. 【答案】first前加the或my
【解析】考查冠词或物主代词。“我”依然记得第一天是多么艰难。句中特指开始学驾驶的第一天，所以在first前加上the，也可以加上my。my first day表示“我(学驾驶)的第一天”。故在first前加the或my。
13.【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】They live far from the school，and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.
【答案】第一个a改为an或one
【解析】考查冠词用法。名词hour虽然是辅音字母开头，但发音为元音，用an或one均可。
14.【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. 【答案】picture前加this/the
【解析】考查限定词。根据语境可知这张照片是上文提到的照片，是特指，故需要用限定词this/the修饰。 15.【2017·全国卷Ⅰ】The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！” 【答案】word改为words
【解析】考查名词复数。教练一直喊“加速”“减速”“左转”。 word表示某人说的话时是可数名词，故将word改为words。
16.【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】Beside，they often get some useful informations from the Internet. 【答案】informations改为information
【解析】考查不可数名词。information为不可数名词。
17.【2016·全国新课标I】短文改错（10 分）
My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time. 【答案】the →a 考查冠词。
【解析】固定短语：in a short time在短时间内。
18.【2016·全国新课标II】短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） But in that case, we will learn little about world. 【答案】about后加the 考查定冠词。
【解析】在英语中定冠词the通常表示特指，本句中the修饰world表示特指这个世界。 19.【2016·全国新课标I】My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. 【答案】honest→ honesty
【解析】考查名词。此处是指诚实是他成功的秘诀，用名词形式。 而形容词honest意思是“诚实的”，是指人的性格特点。
20.【2016·全国新课标II】If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden you view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.
【答案】 knowledges改为knowledge
【解析】考查名词单复数。本句中名词knowledge是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
2020年高考英语精选考点专项突破1 冠词和名词(含答案解析)
