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英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 简单句的五个基本句型 ?主语 + 不及物动词
She came.. She likes English.
?主语 + 及物动词 +宾语
?主语 + 系动词 +主语补语 ?She is happy.
?主语 + 动词 +间接宾语 +直接宾语 ?She gave John a book. ?She bought a book for me.
?主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补语 ?She makes her mother angry.
?The teacher asked me to read the passage. ?( There +be There lies a book on the desk. 主谓宾
?名/代--动词--名/代 ?we-- saw --you. ?we-- did --the work. ?主系表
?名/代-系动词-形容次/名词/代词 ?you are beautiful ?you seems worried. ?you are a stufent.
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?相同点都三部分,主语也一样. 不同动词和系动词,时态一样,否定式不同.动词加助动词,系动词不用. 表语可以是形容词,宾语不行. 只有宾语有补足语 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:
?主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
?1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 ?如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)
?2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。 ?如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)
?3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。
?如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)
4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 ?如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)
?有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。
?如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)
?有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)
6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。 如:He works hard .(他工作努力)
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7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。
?如:They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / ? He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / ?The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)
8☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。
?如:Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里?)
1. 主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east (名词) He likes dancing. (代词)
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe.(不定式) What he needs is a book.(主语从句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) (一)指出下列句中主语的中心词
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here.
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
谓语(predicate):是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。
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