用在与事实相反的条件句中。
Only if表示“只有”，放在句首时主句的主谓需倒装。
—We will go outing tomorrow if it does not rain.如果不下雨的话，我们明天去郊游。
—He will succeed only if he works hard.他只有努力工作才会成功。
—Only if I get a job will I have enough money to go to school.我只有找到工作才有足够的钱念书。
注意：区分only if\\ if only\\ what if \\even if\\though。 If only 但愿、要是。。。。。。多好呀！表示期盼、遗憾等情感。 What if 如果。。。。。。将会怎么样？表示推测、疑问、担忧等情感。
Even if/ though即便、哪怕。表示推测，但无论这种推测是否发生，主句的行为都将发生或继续。
—What if he tells a lie?他若是说谎怎么办？
—If only the alarm clock had rung.闹钟要是叫了该有多好！
—Even if I have to sell my house I’ll keep my business.即便要卖掉我的房子，我也要坚持我的事业。 例题及说明：
例1：These are the pictures of the hotel_____ we held our annual meetings.(2015) A where B which C that D when
说明：考查定语从句连词。答案：A.where引导定语从句修饰先行词hotel,且在从句中作状语。
【句子大意】这些是我们举办年会的那个宾馆的照片。
例2：I did not notice that my dog was missing_____ a moment ago.(2013) A before B until C to D on
说明：考查not…until的用法。固定用法，所表达的含义为直到…才。答案：B。 【句子大意】直到刚才我才发现我的狗不见了。 例3：The little boy won’t go to sleep his mother tells him a story.(2005) A how B which C that D unless
说明：考查表示条件的连词。答案：D Unless除非、如果不，lest免得。 【句子大意】小男孩不肯睡觉，除非妈妈给他讲故事。 III. 完形与阅读 一、完形填空
完形填空考查的是考生对文章的理解。这也是对考生能否将语言的基本知识运用到实际的阅读当中的一种考查方式。这种理解只要求对文章所涉及的时间的明了，而不涉及深层次的探讨。所以考生一定要明白发生了什么，才能选出正确的答案。完形填空的出题方式是从原文中抽出15个词，以此词为中心给出15组选项，每组四个选项，要求考生根据上下文从中选出正确的词填入空中，以符合原文的意思。
完形填空的做题步骤通常为四步。第一步，细读文章开头。文章开头第一句和第二句很重要，它告诉读者这篇文章是关于什么的。第二步，快速通读全文。这一步要速度快、粗略，目的是了解文章大意，为选择正确答案打基础。第三步，选择正确答案。这一步要求考生随时顾及上下文，一定要根据上下文辨析所给四个选项的词义，选择答案。第四步，通读全文。这次的通读是将所有空填好后的通读，检查所选词是否符合上下文的意思。
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其中的第三步是真正的做题步骤。完形填空的出题方式以词为主，名次、动词的各种形式，以及形容词、副词、介词、连词、代词等。下面就以2009年的真题为例做一个较细致的讲解。 Ⅲ．Cloze(30 points) Directions：For each blank in the following passage，there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet．
Every woman dreams of receiving a huge priceless diamond．Now space scientists 21____ that they have discovered the largest diamond in the universe．But it’s well 22____ the reach of the most loves truck men because it's 50 light years away, to be 23____．
Measuring 2,500 miles across and weighing five million trillion pounds，the rock Was found on Valentine’ s Day 24____ in the core of a white dwarf star, and it has excited the 25____ world. “It’s the mother of all diamonds，”said Travis Metcalfe，26____ led the team of researchers at the Harvard-Smithsonian Centre，“and you would need a jeweler’S loupe(专用放大镜)，the size of the Sun，to 27____ this diamond．”
The largest diamond 28____ on earth was the 3，106-carat(克拉)Cullinan．It Was cut 29____ nine major stones，including the 530-carat Star of Africa，now a part of the Crown Jewels．Diamonds were 30____ discovered in India more than 2,800 years ago．The Ancient Romans 31____ that the stones were broken pieces of stars that had 32____ to earth．In Ancient Egypt，diamonds were used in funerals. In the Middle Ages，men 33____ them to symbolize their courage and strength．The 34____ of giving them as presents dates from 1477，35____ Maximilian，the prince of Austria, gave a diamond ring to Mary of Burgundy．
21．A．admit B．tell C．explore D．reveal 【答案】D
【解析】许多天文学家透露，他们发现了宇宙中最大的钻石。Reveal 透露，泄露正确
22．A．under B．over C．beyond D．within 【答案】D
【翻译】但是，他超出了人类所触及的范围，因为，精确的说，离我们50光年。 【解析】考查介词的区别，A．under“在??之下“ B．over”“ C．beyond D．within; Beyond 超出，超过 正确 23．A．precise B．certain C．clear D．correct 【答案】A
【解析】to be precise 精确的，确切的
24．A．buried B．blocked C．built D．blended 【答案】A
【解析】钻石发现于情人节，他隐藏在白矮星的核内。buried隐藏 ;block堵塞；街区; blend混合
25．A．physical B．scientific C．material D．natural 【答案】B
【解析】联系上下文，可以判断应该是“在科学界引起轰动”。
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26．A．who B．which C．that D．he 【答案】A
【解析】空格前是一个人的名字，故可判断为 who引导定语从句。 27．A．measure B．register C．grade D．weigh 【答案】C
【解析】题中谈到用和太阳一样大的放大镜来鉴定钻石。 Grade鉴定，分等级。 28．A．cultivated B．drawn C．caught D．found 【答案】D
【翻译】地球上发现的最大的钻石是3，106克拉的“库林娜”
【解析】空格后的was是本句的谓语，说明空格中不缺谓语，缺少分词作定语，然后根据句子意思可以选出D
29．A．from B．into C．by D．with 【答案】B
【解析】文中谈到他被切割成9块大石头。Cut??into，“切割”，本题考查动词短语的固定搭配。
30．A．first B．last C．finally D．newly 【答案】A
【解析】钻石最早是2800多年前在印度发现的。 ，根据日常推测及平时积累可以推测出是最早，选first
31．A．questioned B．believed C．suspected D．confirmed 【答案】A
【翻译】 古罗马人相信大石头被打成小星星，落到地球上。
【解析】A．questioned，提问； B．believed“相信” C．suspected “怀疑” D．confirmed“证实”，根据翻译可知应选B 32．A．fallen B．dived C．left D．burned 【答案】A
【解析】本题考查动词短语的固定搭配，fall 降落，飘落 33．A．decorated B．viewed C．took D．wore 【答案】D
【解析】人们佩戴钻石，以此代表勇气和力气。
34．A．practice B．tradition C．habit D．culture 【答案】B
【解析】传统上，把钻石作为礼物始于1477年，当奥地利的王子把一枚钻戒送给勃艮第的Mary时。
35．A．what B．while C．that D．when 【答案】D
【解析】hen 引导时间状语从句时，谓语动词可以是短暂的，也可以是延续的，但while引导的从句必须是延续的。动词give 是短暂性动词。故选when. 二、阅读理解
阅读考查考生在英语阅读时的理解、归纳、推断、引申及对细节掌握的能力。与完形天空相比较，阅读虽不需要句句细读，但更要求考生对所给文章有较深层次、较宽范围的理解和思考。这类题虽不直接考查英语语言基础知识，但考生只有对基础知识有了一定的掌握，才可能对文章有比较完全、正确的理解，而只有对文章有比较完全、正确的理解，方可做出正确的选择。这部分共有5篇文章，
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20道题，每题4个选项。文章的体裁及题材包罗万象。无论出现什么样的文章，考生只掌握一个原则，即只按文章所给信息答题。
阅读类答题的方法比较灵活，但考生应有一定的阅读技巧。所谓阅读技巧是指细读和略读。什么地方需要读，什么地方需要略读，考生可根据所给的题目作出判断。不过，通常情况下，文章的第一段和最后一段对文章中心、作者态度的题很重要。文章的中间部分对有关文章细节的题很重要。各段的中心句对文章整体归纳和对有关文章标题类的题目很重要。
下面就以2011年的真题中的阅读部分的文章为例做比较详尽的解释。
Passage One
June came and the hay(干草) was almost ready for cutting. On Midsummer's Eve, which was a Saturday, Mr. Jones went into Willington and got so drunk at the Red Lion that he did not come back until midday on Sunday. His men had milked the cows in the early morning and then had gone out chatting without bothering to feed the animals. When Mr. Jones got back, he immediately went to sleep on the living-room sofa with the \were still not fed. At last, they could stand no longer. One of the cows broke into the door of the storehouse with her horns and all the animals began to help themselves to the grains.
It was just then that Mr. Jones woke up. The next moment he and his four men were in the storehouse with whips in their hands， whipping in all directions. This was more than the hungry animals would bear. Together, though nothing of the kind had been planned beforehand，they jumped upon their masters. Mr. Jones and his men suddenly found themselves being struck with the horns and kicked from all sides. The situation was quite out of their control. They had never seen these animals act like this before. This sudden rebellion of the creatures，which they were used to beating and whipping just as they chose，frightened them. After only a moment or two， they gave up trying to defend themselves. A minute later all five of them were in full fright down the road with the animals running after them joyfully. 36. The four men did not feed the cows because_______. A. they had not cut the hay yet B. Mr. Jones wasn't at home C. they did not have time to feed them D. the cows had fed themselves 37. The cows broke into the storehouse because______. A. they did not like their masters B. Mr. Jones forgot to lock the door
C. they were kept in the cow-house too long D. they were too hungry to wait for the feed
38. What did the five men finally do with the cows? A. They chased and drove the cows away. B. They continued beating the cows. C. They gave up defense and ran away. D. They gave ·in and fed the cows.
39. We can learn from the passage that______. A. the cows often ran out to look for food
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B. the cows often had fights with their masters C. Mr. Jones and his men often beat the cows
D. Mr. Jones and his men often forgot to feed the cows
36.【解析】事实细节题。由第一段第二句和第三句可知，由于Mr. Jones不在家，他的员工没有喂奶牛饲料， 故选B
37.【解析】事实细节题。由第一段最后三句可知答案为D。
38.【解析】事实细节题。由第二段最后两句可知，这五个人不得不放弃反抗，选择逃跑，故选C。
39.【解析】推理判断题。由第二段倒数第三句“…Which they were used to beating and whipping…”可判断，平常他们经常拿鞭子抽打牛，故选C。 Ⅳ. 补全对话和短文写作 一、补全对话
补全对话是考查考生英语口语的能力。这部分的考题是以对话的形式检验考生是否能在特定的语境中比较得体地表述自己的意思。补全对话的特点是注重交际，强调口语化。考查话题基本都是涉及日常生活场景。这类考题要求考生掌握日常生活中的口语常用语，并能灵活运用。这部分考题的出题方式是给出一段五个空的完整对话，并配有八个选项，要求考生根据对话内容选出五个填入空中，使其对话意思完整。对话的场景通常是问候、 打电话、邀请、感谢、帮助、出游、咨询等。
对话的补全也要根据上下文的意思，考生在做此类题时不能忽视上下文及整体对话的内容和意义。做这类题时，首先要判断场景。根据场景选择相应的词组或短语，例如电话用语就与其他场景不同。第二是感受语气。对话中常常会有表示不同语气的词或短语，例如表示委婉、着急、感激、安慰等。第三是注意上下文的连接。在答题过程中，考生往往会有一个词组可以填几个空的错觉，这就要好好感受对话的连贯性，以及其是否符合逻辑。对话的结构通常很紧密，一句扣一句，先说什么、后说什么还是比较明显的。所以只要考生认真体会，就会选择出正确的答案。
下面就以2008年真题中的补全对话部分为例做详细解释 V. Daily Conversation （15 points）
Directions: Pick out five appropriate expressions from the eight choices below and complete the following dialogue by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Jessica: I′m so excited! We have two weeks off! What are you going to do? Natasha: 56 . I guess I′ll just stay home. Maybe I′ll catch up on my reading. 57 ? Any plans?
Jessica: Well, my parents have rented an apartment in California. I′m going to take long walks along the beach every day and do lots of swimming. Natasha: 58 !
Jessica: 59 ? My parents will be happy to have you with us. Natasha: 60 ? I′d love to! 56.【答案】 I′m not sure.
【解析】 上一句说到有假期；这个空之后的那句中，有一个词（guess …）可以暗示出答案。
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2016 成人高考复习资料（专升本 英语）
