The truth will not be known for years. But bank’s shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains。
To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America’s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions。 36. Bankers complained that they were forced to
[A]follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules [B]collect payments from third parties
[C]cooperate with the price managers [D]reevaluate some of their assets 37.According to the author, the rule changes of the FASB may result in [A]the diminishing role of management [B] the revival of the banking system [C]the bank’s long-term asset losses [D]the weakening of its independence 38. According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB’s attempt to [A] keep away from political influences [B] evade the pressure from their peers [C] act on their own in rule-setting [D]take gradual measures in reform 39、The author thinks the banks were“on the wrong planet”in that they [A]misinterpreted market price indicators [B]exaggerated the real value of their assets [C]neglected the likely existence of bad debts [D]denied booking losses in their sale of assets
40、The author’s attitude towards standard-setters is one of [A]satisfaction [B]skepticism [C]objectiveness [D]sympathy Part B Directions:
For Questions 41-45,choose the most suitable paragraphs from the first A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to from a coherent text Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which dose not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)
[A] The first and more important is the consumer’s growing preference for eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year Europe compared with growth in
retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative。
[B] Retail sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limit success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need。
[C] Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer rather than the seller to decide what to buy. At any rate this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold。
[D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits there by. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals import differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too。
[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined—France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent morn-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as “horeca”：hotels, restaurants, and cafes. Overall, Europe’s retail wholesale market, but the figures, when added together, masks two opposing trends。 [F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom in 2000-more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to considerate。
[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retails and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains。 41 → 42 → 43 → 44 → E → 45 Part C Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 Points)
One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly one economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and , if its stability depends on its intensity, they are entitled to continuance
When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and if we happen to love it. We invert excuses to give it economic importance At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing。(46)Scientists jumped to the rescure with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect the insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them the evidence had to be cambric in order to be valid。 It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet. (47)but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right regardless of the presence of absence of economic advantage to us。
A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds(48)Time was when biologists somewhat over worded evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak or that they prey only on “worthless species”。
Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economic –minded foresters they grow too slowly or have too low a sale vale to pay as imeber crops (49)In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced ,the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason。
To sum up, a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50)It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. Without the uneconomic pats。 Section III Writing Part A 51.Directions:
You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization, you should conclude the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative。 You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “postgraduate association\。 Part B 52.Directions:
Write an essay of 160200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) give your comments。
You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET2.(20 points) 2010英语真题参考答案 一、完型填空
1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.C 6. B 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.D 11.C 12.A 13.A 14.D 15.B 16.A 17.D 18.C 19.B 20.D 二、阅读理解 Text2 CDCBD Text3 BDACC Text4 AACCD 三、新题型
41.B 42.F 43.D 44.G 45.A 四、翻译
46.科学家们贸然拿出一些看似站不住脚的证据来补救，其大意是：鸟类不能控制害虫的话，害虫就会把我们人类吃掉。
47.但是至少我们几乎承认了这样一种观点，那就是不管鸟类的生存对我们是否有经济利益，它们都有与生俱来的生存权利。
48.曾几何时，生物学家们总是重申这样的事实：这些生物通过捕食弱小的生物来维系健康的生物链，或者说它们只不过是在捕食无价值的物种。
49.在欧洲，生态林业较为发达，那些无商业价值的树种被视为天然森林群落的成员，应该得到合理保护。
50.这种体系通常忽视并最终导致很多陆地上物种的灭绝，这些物种往往是没有商业价值但却对陆地生态系统的健康运行至关重要。 五、Writing 小作文
An Announcement Jan. 9, 2010
International Conference on Globalization, from March 3rd to 10th, will be held at Tsinghua University. We, the Postgraduates’ Association, are entitled to organize this conference. Thus, we are badly in need of volunteers to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs, including reception, distribution of documents, technical support, etc。
Students who have previous experience as volunteers are preferred. Basic knowledge in computer, fluent oral English and an amicable personality are some of the qualities we desire. Volunteers shall be available for at least 3 days without absence during the conference。
If you are interested and willing to have a whole new experience in this semester, please do not hesitate to send your resume to liming@hotmail.com before Jan. 20th. Your applications are welcome。 Postgraduates’ Association 大作文
As is vividly betrayed in the drawing above, a hotpot is boiling with various forms of both domestic and alien cultures, which could be categorized as literature, moral values and performing arts. What is indicated in the drawing does reflect a fact and is most thought-provoking。
The connotation of the drawing can be interpreted as following. China launched Reform and Opening-up in 1978, which has promoted the rapid growth of national economy. The development of economy has brought about the great changes of culture, especially the traditional culture. At present, Chinese and Western cultures conflict with each other but also merge into a unique form to a certain degree. In the highly-integrated world today, no country is an isolated island. Every nation is faced with miscellaneous alien culture. China needs to assimilate a good deal of foreign progressive culture。
As far as I am concerned, some necessary measures should be taken. On one hand, more efforts must be made to popularize cultures worldwide. On the other hand, a nationwide education campaign should be launched among people, especially the young, so as to cultivate an appropriate sense of cultural concept. Only in these ways can we make greater contributions to the world cultural heritage。
2010年考研英语一真题及参考答案
