Grammar
名词所有格的构成及用法
名词在句中表示所有关系、所属关系、动作执行者及动作承受者等意义时常需用所有格形式。名词所有格也称为属格、主格，它主要包括's所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三种表现形式。
定义：表示有生命的东西的名词及某些表示时间、距离、星球、世界、国家等无生命的东西的名词后加 ’s来表示所有关系，叫做名词所有格。 名词所有格的用法：
一、名词+ ’s （主要用于有生命的事物）
1、单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词在词尾加’s构成所有格
例如：Jimmy’s book（吉米的书）Jane’s schoolbag（简的书包）
Children’s Day(儿童的节日、六一儿童节) Wuhan’s summer is very hot.(武汉的夏天非常热。)
2、复数名词以-s结尾的只需要加’ 构成所有格。
例如：Twins’ father is Mr. Brown. (双胞胎的爸爸是布朗先生。) 二、名词 +of +名词
如果名词是无生命的，我们通常就要用名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系。
例如：A bag of mine= my bag (我的书包) The name of the girl =the girl’s name (女孩的名字) The window of the bedroom = the bedroom’s window(卧室的窗户)
三、特殊所有格
若一样东西为两人共有，则后一个人名用所有格；如果不是两人共有，而是各有各的，则两个名词都用所有格，且其后名词应为复数。
例如：This is Tom and Jim’s room. 这是汤姆和吉姆共有的房间。
These are Tom’s and Jim’s rooms. 这些是汤姆和杰森各自的房间。 步行一个半小时的路程：
四．'s所有格所修饰的词的省略现象
（1）表示诊所、店铺或某人的家等地点名词，其名词所有格后的被修饰语常常省略。
例如： I met her at the doctor's（office）．我在诊所遇见了她。 He has gone to the tailor's（shop）．他到服装店去了。
（2）名词所有格所修饰的词，如果前面已经提到过，往往可以省略，以免重复。例如：
Whose pen is this？It's Tom's．这是谁的钢笔？是汤姆的。
The bike is not mine，but Wang Pinpin's．这辆自行车不是我的，是王品品的。
五． 双重所有格及其用法
's所有格和of所有格两种所有格形式结合在一起，构成\＋所有格\形式，即双重的所有格。它通常表示部分观念，即全体中的一部分，在意义上与\of．．．\相似，它主要修饰of短语之前的那个名词。此外，双重所有格与指示代词连用时，常带有感情色彩，如赞赏、不满、厌恶等。它的主要形式如下： 1． 名词＋of＋名词性物主代词。例如：
a good friend of mine 我的一个好朋友 an interesting story of his 他的有趣的经历 2． 名词＋of＋'s所有格。例如：
He is a friend of my sister's．（＝one of my sister's friends）他是我姐姐的一个朋友 Look at that long nose of Jack's．看杰克的那个长鼻子。（感情色彩） 试比较：
a picture of Xiao Zhang a picture of Xiao Zhang's
3． 不定冠词、数词、某些不定代词（some，any，many，no，few等）以及which等限定词，一般不与形
容词性物主代词或's所有格等一起放在名词前修饰名词，而采用of所有格或双重所有格形式。例如： most of the students 学生中的大多数 three of them 他们中的三个人
第 1 页
I have read some books of his．我读过他的一些书
Which book of Qiong Yao's have you read？你读过琼瑶的哪一本书？ A. 's所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三者之间的细微区别 请仔细比较下面三句话：
1． She is Mary's brother's friend． 2． She is a friend of Mary's brother． 3． She is a friend of Mary's brother's． 人称代词和物主代词
一、 人称代词 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 主格 I you he she it 宾格 me you him her it they them 复数 主格 we you 宾格 us you 人称代词主格：作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。 I am a teacher. You are student. He is a student, too. We/You/They are students. 人称代词宾格作宾语，表示动作行为的对象，一般放在动词后面。 Give it to me. Let’s go (let’s =let us) 二、物主代词 数 人称 类别 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 单数 第一 人称 my mine 第二 人称 your yours his his 第三 人称 her hers its its 复数 第一 人称 our ours 第二 人称 your yours 第三 人称 their theirs 形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名词
而名词性物主代词(mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs则相单于形容词性物主代词+名词,故其后不必加名词。如：
Is this your book? No, it isn’t， it’s hers(her book) ，Jim’s ， Tom’s， Maria’s
练习
一、用适当的人称代词填空：
1. __________ is my aunt. We often visit __________. ( she )
2. China is a developing country. _________is in the east of Asia. ( its ) 3. I own a blue bike. The red one isn’t __________. ( I )
4. These new houses are so nice. __________ are very expensive.( them ) 5. The fishermen caught a lot of fish, didn’t __________? ( them )
6. Ling Ling is a girl. ____ studies in a primary school. ______ brother lives with ____ and helps ____ with______ lessons. ( she )
7. Mike is my classmate. ____ is good at English . ( his )
8. Kate wants a glass of milk. Will you pass it to ____ ? ( she )
第 2 页
9. What’s the weather like today ? ____ is cloudy. ( its ) 二、用形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词填空
1. I ate all ____ sandwiches yesterday.( I ) Can I have one of ____ ? ( you )
2. George has lost ____ ( his ) pen. Ask Mary if（是否）she will lend him ____ . ( she ) 3. Jack has a dog and so have I. ____ ( he ) dog and ____ ( I ) had a fight (打架). 4. The teacher wants you to return that book of ____ ( he )
5. Mr. and Mrs. Green and a friend of ____ are coming to see us. ( they ) 6. We are going to Paris to stay with a French friend of ____ . (we ) 三、用括号中的适当形式填空
1.Are these ________（you）pencils? Yes, they are ________（our）. 2.—Whose is this pencil? —It’s ________（I）. 3.I love ________（they）very much. 4.She is________（I）classmate.
5.Miss Li often looks after________（she）brother. 6.—Are these ________（they）bags ？
—No, they aren’t ________（their）. They are ________（we）
1 Neil’s mother is calling him from the UK.
Call 动词 叫，呼唤 例： 马上叫个医生来。 称……为 例：他的朋友叫他鲍勃。 名词 打电话，通话 例：Tim,有你的电话
2 Mr Wu is asking Amy which things belong to which people.
belong to 意为“属于……”，后接某人或人称代词宾格。如： This key ring belongs to me. 这个钥匙圈是我的。
注意：belong to 后不能使用名词所有格或物主代词，且belong to不可用于进行时。
如：这车属于她。
3 They’re all over the place. all over 遍及 遍及全中国 遍及全世界 瞧。大厅里到处都是瓶子。
Integrated skills
1 Here is the poster.
以here开头的句子，如果主语是名词，则用倒装语序，连系动词是用is还是are取决于后面的名词是单数还是复数。例：有张卡片给你。
注意：当主语是代词时，不用倒装语序。
Here they come. 他们来了； here it is 它在这里； here you are 给你
2 Go to Huangji Palace to see works of art at 11 a.m. Works of art 艺术品
Work 作品，著作 可数名词 工作、劳动 不可数名词（与job） 4 It’s about 40 minutes by bus.
It is +所需时间+（from S to B ）by +交通工具/on foot 表示“（从A地到B地）距离”句型。 也可表示成： It is +所需时间名词的所有格+walk/ride/drive (+from A to B) 例： 从苏州到南京开车大约两个小时。（两种方式）
第 3 页
Study skills
1 However, the words are not equally important. 然而，单词并不都同等重要。
However副词，不过，然而 有转折的含义 可位于句首、句中或句末，用逗号将句子分隔。 But连词，可位于句首、句中， 后面连接一个句子时无需逗号。 例： 我的房间虽小，但是很舒服。
2 I am talking about a bookshop , not another kind of shop.
Another 另一个，再一个 后接可数名词单数，通常指用于三者或三者以上人或物中的另一个。 区分 other, the other, others, the others, another other
the other others the others another
例如：——Oh, the traffic is so heavy. ———Let’s change _______ route to the airport. A other B others C the other D another
Task
1 I’m going to show you around my hometown. show sb around 带领某人参观
show 及物动词 给….看 给某人看某物
名词 展览 展出 花展
例 Peter will _____ you _____ the building and you can meet everyone. A lead to B show around C compare with D brush off 2 can smell the flowers and hear the birds. 我可以闻花香听鸟儿唱歌。
（1）smell 动词，意为“闻；嗅”，后接名词作宾语。如： Smell it and tell me what it is. 你闻闻看，告诉我是什么。 （2）smell 还可以用连系动词，后常接形容词作表语。如： Do these flowed smell sweet? 这花闻起来香吗？ （3）hear sb do sth 意为“听见某人做某事”。如：
I often hear her sing in the room. 我经常听见她在房间唱歌。 （4）hear sb doing 意为“听见某人在做（一个正在进行的动作）”。如： I heard someone laughing in the room. 我听见隔壁房间里有人在笑。
除hear外，see、watch、feel、notice 等动词也有同样的用法。 例： The air ____ fresh after the rain. And the sky is blue. A feels B tastes C smells D sounds 3 Sometimes we row a boat there.
Sometimes 副词 有时 == at times
区分 sometimes、 some times、 sometime、 some time sometimes some times sometime some time
5 They are all friendly.
friendly 形容词 友好的 对某人友好be friendly to sb. ===be kind to sb
第 4 页
be friendly with sb “和某人关系好”或“某人要好”，指的是两者的关系
6 I hope you can come and visit soon!
Hope及物动词 希望，用于表示可能实现的愿望，其后接动词不定式做宾语，即hope to do sth ,表示希望做某事。 若要表达“希望…….”， 则需要用“hope that +从句” wish也是希望、祝愿的意思。
wish 做动词 祝愿某人某事 wish sb sth ；
希望（某人）做某事wish (sb) to do sth ； 表示难以实现的愿望 wish that + 从句 。
做名词 常用复数，表示祝愿。 向你致以美好的祝愿！
根据句意及相关提示写出正确的单词
1. Some farmers in my town r___________ cows and make a lot of money. 2. –What do you think of the cake? --It s___________ good. 3. How fast he is d___________ the car! It’s so dangerous.
4. On ___________(woman) Day, my mother often goes shopping with her friends. 5. We must learn to read our books ____________(quiet) in the library. 6. I often go to the shopping mall with my parents __________ (two) a week.
7. These ___________ (student) hometown is near the capital of _________ (they) country. 8. The girl in a white dress is a friend of _________ (he).
用括号中所给词的正确形式填空 1.. Mr Li teaches _____________(I) English. 2. Mr Li teaches ______________(I) sister English.
3. __________(they) are our teachers. Where are __________(you)? 4.Her shoes are next to __________(I). ___________(she) are very nice. 5.______________(Simon) father is good at English.
6.---Where is Mike? ----He is in our Maths____________(teacher) office. 7.My favourite festival is________________(child) Day. 8.Excuse me, but I can’t find ____________(man) room. 9.Can you tell me the way to_________________(people) Park? 10.I will tell ______________as soon as ____________(he) comes back. 11.____________loves ___________(she) notebook very much.
12.We want to borrow_______________storybook from______________(you). 1.It takes about twenty minutes______________(get) to the center of the town. 2.Why not____________(visit) our local theatre with us?
3.We’re happy___________(invite) you to a farewell party for our friends. 4.Does your brother enjoy____________(eat) Chinese food? 5.---________you__________(try) to learn Beijing opera?-----Yes, I am. 6.What will you do when you_____________(be) free tomorrow?
第 5 页
7.There ___________(be) a new bridge over the Changjiang River in several years. 1. Listen, someone_________(sing) Beijing opera in the park.
2. ---_______they_______(have) a Christmas party next week? ---Yes, they are. 3. Our school________(plan) a trip every term. This term we_______(go) to Suzhou. 4. Who would like to teach us_________(ride) a horse in the summer camp.
5. If Frank__________(not come) tomorrow, we_________(have) to ask someone else for help. 6. Does your mother make you__________(play) the piano for a long time every day? 7. How lond does it take them___________(drive) to the park?
1. I don’t know which Chinese restaurant ______________ (choose).
2. March ___________ (come) before April. Everybody ___________ (know) that. 3. Please don’t drink or eat when ___________ (take) the underground. 4. How many cinemas are there in the town? It’s hard ____________ (say). 5. How long does it take ___________ (fly) to Beijing from Wuxi?
6. If Frank _________ (not come) tomorrow, we _________ (have) to ask someone else for help. 1. I think it’s a wonderful place _________________(visit).
2. Would you please _________________(not talk)with the old people loudly ? 3. I have a lot homework ____________________(do). 4. It’s so sunny, I think it________________(not rain).
5. I often hear the birds _______________(sing) in the tree.
第 6 页
2019牛津译林版7BUnit3语法及知识点语文
