初中被动语态语法讲解 (一)
语态分类
英语动词有两种语态?,主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受 者。如:
They will build a new bridge over the river.( A new bridge will be built over the river.(
)
)
英语用:助动词be +及物动词的过去分词构成。 (二)
被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化
主要体现在be的变化上,动词的过去分词不变。
列表如下:
一般现在时: ______________ +done 一般过去时: ______________ +done 一般将来时: ________ + done 过去将来时: _________ + done 现在进行时: am / is / are + being + done
过去进行时: was / were + being + done
现在完成时: _________ + done
过去完成时: had + bee n + done
将来完成时:shall / will + have bee n + done
过去将来完成时:should / would + have bee n + done
[注]被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。 (三) 常见的八种时态中的被动语态 1. 一般现在时:
(1) People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice ______________ in the south of the coun try. (2) The school does n't allow us to en ter the chemistry without a teacher.
We _________ mistry lab without a teacher. 2. 一般过去时:
(1) The stude nts did n't forget his less ons easily.
lab
His lessons _____________________ 3. 一般将来时:
(1) They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars ________________ . ____________ (2) They will give ple nty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs ______________ . ________ 4. 现在完成时:
(1) Some one has told me the sports meeti ng might be put off. I _________________ the sports meet ing (2) He has brought his book here. His book __________ here. (四)
含有情态动词的被动语态:
might be put off.
含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词 + be+及物动
词的过去分词”构成。
(1) You must hand in your compositi ons after class.
after class. Your compositi ons (2)He can write a great many
letters with the computer.
A great many
letters ______________________ him. ____________ (五)被动语态的使用
1.
动作的执行者时, 往不用by短语。
当不知道或没有必要指出常用被动语态,这时往
“ Mr. White, the cup __________ ( break) after class. ” 2. 突出或强调动作的承受者,如果需要说出动作的执行者,用by短 语。
These records were made by Joh n Denver. The cup was broke n by Paul.
3. 当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者,也不是动作的承受者时,
这时常用in + 名词作状语,而代替by 短语。
These cars were made in Chi na.
be made of、 be made from (六)主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1) 主语
My aunt in vited
me to her dinner party.
谓语 宾语
I
to her dinner
party.
主语 (2)
谓语 宾语
The school
set up a special class to help poor readers
in the school.
1. 把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2. 把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的 be + 过去分词,时态要与原 句保持一致。
3. 把主动语态的主语变为介词 by的宾语,放在被动语态里谓语动 词之后,by短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词,在被动语态 中用in + 地点名词作状语。
(七)语态转换时所注意的问题
1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保 持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
We have bought a new computer.
A new computer _________ . _________ 2.
含有双宾语的主
初中被动语态语法讲解——课堂教案
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