初中被动语态语法讲解 (一)
语态分类
英语动词有两种语态?，主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受 者。如：
They will build a new bridge over the river.( A new bridge will be built over the river.(
)
)
英语用：助动词be +及物动词的过去分词构成。 (二)
被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化
主要体现在be的变化上，动词的过去分词不变。
列表如下：
一般现在时： ______________ +done 一般过去时： ______________ +done 一般将来时： ________ + done 过去将来时： _________ + done 现在进行时： am / is / are + being + done
过去进行时： was / were + being + done
现在完成时： _________ + done
过去完成时： had + bee n + done
将来完成时：shall / will + have bee n + done
过去将来完成时：should / would + have bee n + done
［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。 (三) 常见的八种时态中的被动语态 1. 一般现在时：
(1) People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice ______________ in the south of the coun try. (2) The school does n't allow us to en ter the chemistry without a teacher.
We _________ mistry lab without a teacher. 2. 一般过去时:
(1) The stude nts did n't forget his less ons easily.
lab
His lessons _____________________ 3. 一般将来时：
(1) They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars ________________ . ____________ (2) They will give ple nty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs ______________ . ________ 4. 现在完成时：
(1) Some one has told me the sports meeti ng might be put off. I _________________ the sports meet ing (2) He has brought his book here. His book __________ here. (四)
含有情态动词的被动语态：
might be put off.
含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词 + be+及物动
词的过去分词”构成。
(1) You must hand in your compositi ons after class.
after class. Your compositi ons （2）He can write a great many
letters with the computer.
A great many
letters ______________________ him. ____________ （五）被动语态的使用
1.
动作的执行者时， 往不用by短语。
当不知道或没有必要指出常用被动语态，这时往
“ Mr. White, the cup __________ （ break） after class. ” 2. 突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短 语。
These records were made by Joh n Denver. The cup was broke n by Paul.
3. 当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，
这时常用in + 名词作状语，而代替by 短语。
These cars were made in Chi na.
be made of、 be made from （六）主动语态变被动语态的方法
（1） 主语
My aunt in vited
me to her dinner party.
谓语 宾语
I
to her dinner
party.
主语 (2)
谓语 宾语
The school
set up a special class to help poor readers
in the school.
1. 把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2. 把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的 be + 过去分词，时态要与原 句保持一致。
3. 把主动语态的主语变为介词 by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动 词之后，by短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态 中用in + 地点名词作状语。
（七）语态转换时所注意的问题
1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保 持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
We have bought a new computer.
A new computer _________ . _________ 2.
含有双宾语的主
初中被动语态语法讲解——课堂教案
