2020年高考英语词汇语法专题5：代词易错点解题方法

专题05 代词易错点解题方法（三）

由于代词中的关系代词非常具有特色，所以在此特设专讲。首先我们要知道关系代词又称定语从句

引导词。定语从句是各类从句学习的重点,也是难点。同学们在学习中常遇到一些难题,出现一些错误。 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有6个: that, which, who, whom, whose, as.

5.关系代词引导的定语从句：

1）.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.

2）. whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 注意：关系代词 whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替，也可省略。

The man ( whom / who ) you met just now is my old friend.3）。which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Football is a game which is liked by most boys.主语

4）。that 指人时，相当于 who 或 whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.

5）. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 下面我们看例题：改正下列定语从句中的典型错误： 1. Is this the pen your father bought it for you? [答案]:去掉it。

[解析]:定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当一定的成分。 因此从句中不能再出现与关系词作用相同的代词或名词,以避免重复。 误句中省略的关系代词(which/that)作bought的宾语,故it是多余的。 2. Have you been to the company where she works there? [答案]:去掉there。

[解析]:关系副词已作了work的地点状语。 3. I shall never forget the days when I spent with you. [答案]:将when改为which/that。

[解析]:先行词在定语从句中作spent的宾语,故用which/that,而when在从句中只作时间状语。

4. Is this all what you want to say? [答案]:将what改为that。

[解析]:先行词为指物的不定代词时,其后的定语从句用that来引导,作宾语时也可省略。而what不能引导定语从句。

5. He lived in a house, in front of it he planted some beautiful flowers. [答案]:将it改为which。

[解析]:这是一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句, which在从句中作介词宾语。 6. Mother came back on December 21 when was my birthday. [答案]:将when改为which。

[解析]: which指代时间(December 21)作定语从句的主语。 7. This is the ring for which she is looking. [答案]:将for移到looking之后。

[解析]:look for是固定短语动词,不能够拆开使用。

8. Is this history museum that some foreign friends visited last week? [答案]:在that前加the one。

[解析]:犯这类错误的主要原因是错把this history museum看作是定语从句的先行词。根据句子结构,this history museum应是主句的主语。故应添加一个定语从句的先行词the one作主句中的表语。 9. This is the monitor her English is the best in our class. [答案]:将her改为whose。

[解析]:用whose代替her引起定语从句,修饰先行词the monitor。 10. As you know it, he has left for Australia. [答案]:去掉it。

[解析]:关系代词as作know的宾语,再使用it就重复了。 11. The meeting was put off, that was exactly what we wanted. [答案]:将that改为which。

[解析]:that作为关系代词不能用于非限制定语从句中。此处which指代主句(The meeting was put off)。 12. I don’t like the way which you treat your mother. [答案]: 1)在which前加in。 2) 将which改为that。 3) 去掉which。

[解析]:当先行词the way在定语从句中作状语时,其关系代词可用that/in which或不用。 13. He told the good news to those who was present at the meeting. [答案]:将was改为were。

[解析]:定语从句中的谓语动词,在数和人称上必须与主句中的先行词保持一致。该句的先行词是those, 故应用were。

14. The expert visited our school is from Shanghai. [答案]:在visited前加who。

[解析]:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不能省略。 15. Who’s the old man whom you just shook hands? [答案]:在hands后加上with。

[解析]:定语从句中的关系代词whom作with的宾语,故介词with不能省略。 关系代词专项练习：

1. Such people ________ were invited to the party showed no special interest in the soup he specially made for them, _______ made him upset.

A. who; that B. as; that C. who; which D. as; which 【答案】D..

【解析】最佳答案为D。此题考查such (...) as结构，这里as引导定语从句，as在从句中作主语；which引导非限制性定语从句。

2. The kind-hearted couple decided to adopt the boy ________ parents had been killed in an accident.

A. whose B. who C. with whom D. his 【答案】A.

【解析】最佳答案为A。whose 引导定语从句，修饰先行词the boy。句意：那对好心的夫妇决定收养那个父母在事故中死亡的孩子。

3. Last week our school put on an English play _____ Jim acted an important part.

A. which B. when C. where D. what 【答案】C.

【解析】最佳答案为C。本题考查定语从句。act a part in a play在戏剧中扮演角色。该句中play为先行词，介词in后需用which来引导定语从句，而in which相当于where.

4. The boss, _____company Ma King worked ten years ago, looked down upon women.

A. in which B. in that C. in whose D. whose

【答案】C.

【解析】最佳答案为C。whose company Ms. King worked in是一个定语从句，修饰boss。本句中介词in提到关系代词前。

5. Hangzhou, _______ we paid a visit last spring, is one of the most beautiful cities in China.

A. which B. where C. to there D. from which 【答案】B.

【解析】答案为B。pay a visit to ... 参观 / 游览（某地），where we paid a visit last spring是非限制性定语从句，补充说明Hangzhou的情况，其中，where相当于to which。

6. Many people like to chat online, _______, as most of them think, they can express themselves freely. A. which B. there C. that D. where 【答案】D.

【解析】答案为D。where引导定语从句，修饰先行词online；where在从句中作地点状语，意思是“在网络上”。as most of them think作插入语。

7. This is an important subject ______ we might argue for a long time.

A. about it B. with which C. about which D. with it 【答案】C.

【解析】答案为C。argue (with sb.) about / over sth. 关于某事与某人争吵。本句为包含定语从句的主从复合句，介词about提到了关系代词前。

8. These old pictures bring to their mind the college days ______ they spent together, ____ life was hard but happy. A. which; when B. when; which C. which; which D. when; when 【答案】A.

【解析】which引导定语从句修饰days，因为从句中spent是及物动词，所以选which作宾语。when也引导定语从句，修饰days，因为句子结构完整，所以when在句中作时间状语。答案为A。

9. The reason _______ he gave for his second visit to the city was simply ______ he admired the sights here so much.

A. why; that B. why; why C. which; that D. which; why 【答案】C.

【解析】答案为C。which在定语从句中作gave的宾语; 第二空的that引导表语从句。 10. A new type of car is on sale on the market, _____ makes it attractive to young people. A. its low price B. what low price

C. the low price of which D. the low price of it 【答案】C.

【解析】答案为C。 该句是由which引导的非限定性定语从句，which代替先行词a new type of car，C选项相当于whose low price。

11. It is in the factory _______ you're going to pay a visit to ______ this kind of computer is made.

A. /; that B. where; that C. /; where D. that; which 【答案】A.

【解析】答案为A。第一空考查定语从句的引导词， 先行词是物，可用that或which,因为在从句作to 的宾语，that和which可省略；第二空为强调句的引导词，只能用that。

12. She brought with her three friends, none of ________ I had ever met before. (2009年高考全国卷Ⅰ)

A. them B. who C. whom D. these 【答案】C.

【解析】答案C。考查关系代词。分析句子结构可以看出“none of ______ I had ever met before”是非限制性定语从句，修饰three friends。Of是介词，之后要用表示人的关系代词whom。句意是: 她带来了三个朋友，没有一个是我以前见到过的。

13. Mr. Wilson has been to many cities in China, ______he thinks, Shanghai has impressed him most.

A. with which B. in which C. of which D. on which 【答案】C.

【解析】答案为C。根据句子结构可看出是对定语从句的考查，which指代先行词cities，of which表示范围，“在去过的城市中”。

14. You can hardly imagine the rate ________ his car has been running on the freeway.

A. with which B. to which C. at which D. for which 【答案】C.

【解析】答案为C。“介词 + 关系代词”引导定语从句，at which中的which指代前面的rate，它前面一般加介词at表示“以……速度”。

15. Sometimes our success depends on ______ we are lucky or not and sometimes it depends on the manner ______we conduct our life.

A. whether; of which B. whether; in which C. that; by which D. that; for which 【答案】B.

【解析】答案为B。第一空构成whether ... or not 结构，表示“是否……”；第二空缺定语从句的引导词，该定语从句的先行词是表示方式的manner，而表示“以某种方式”用in a manner，所以第二空应用in which。