酒精分类、标准及用途
Ethanol classification, standard and
酒精广泛应用于食品、化学、医药、染料等行业，酒精又是十分重要的清洁能源。通常，酒精按含杂质多少分为：无水酒精、食用酒精、工业酒精。
Ethanol widely applies to many industries such as food, chemistry, medicine, dye and etc. In general, ethanol is divided to anhydrous ethanol, edible ethanol and industrial ethanol according to its impurity content.
一、无水酒精Anhydrous ethanol
无水酒精产品质量执行中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T678-2002《化学试剂－无水乙醇标准》。 The product quantity of anhydrous ethanol execute the state criteria of the People's Republic of China GB/T678-2002 < Chemical Reagent- anhydrous ethanol standard>
优级纯 名称 Name Guarantee reagent 乙醇的质量分数 ≥ Mass fraction of ethanol（CH3CH2OH）/% 密度 ~ Density（20℃）/(g/mL) 与水混合试验 Test mix with water 蒸发残渣的质量分数 ≤ Mass fraction of evaporation residue /% 酸度 (以H+计) ≤ Acidity (by H+)/(mmol/100g) 碱度 (以OH- 计) ≤ Alkalinity (by OH-)/(mmol/100g) 水分的质量分数 ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ 合格 Qualified 合格 Qualified 合格 Qualified ~ ~ ≥ ≥ 分析纯 化学纯 Analytically Chemical pure pure Mass fraction of water/% 甲醇（CH3OH）的质量分数 ≤ Mass fraction of methanol（CH3OH）/% 异丙醇[（CH3）2CHOH]的质量分数 ≤ Mass fraction of isopropanol[（CH3）2CHOH]/% 羰基化合物（以CO计）的质量分数 ≤ Mass fraction of carbonyl compound (by CO)/% 易炭化物质 Readily carbonizable substance 铁（Fe）的质量分数 ≤ Mass fraction of ferrum (Fe)/% 锌（Ze）的质量分数 ≤ Mass fraction of zinc/% 还原高锰酸钾物质（以O计）的质量分数/% Mass fraction of reducing potassium permanganate substance (by O) /% 用途：化学试剂、化学原料、防腐剂、消毒、燃料、有机溶剂等。
≤ ≤ ≤ — — — — 合格 Qualified 合格 Qualified 合格 Qualified ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ Application: chemical reagent, chemical material, preservative, disinfection, fuel, organic solvent and etc.
二、食用酒精 Edible ethanol
食用酒精产品质量执行中华人民共和国国家标准GB10343-2002适用于谷物、薯类、糖密为原料，经发酵、蒸馏而制成的含水酒精，为食品工业专用的食用酒精。
The product quantity of edible ethanol executes the state criteria of the People's Republic of China GB10343-2002, which applies to the aqueous ethanol make from grains, yams or molasses as raw material and through fermentation and distillation. It is the appropriative edible ethanol for food industry.
食用酒精《GB10343-2002》标准
Edible ethanol 《GB10343-2002》Standard 一、 感官要求Sense requirements 项目 Item 特级 Extra grade 优级 Fine grade 普级 Common grade 无异臭 no objectional odor 较纯正 Comparative pure 气味 Smell 具有乙醇香，无异味 Has ethanol aroma，no objectional odor 纯净、微甜 pure, subtly sweet 纯正、微甜 pure, subtly sweet 口味 taste 理化要求 Analytical requirements 指标名称 tem 色度 Chroma ≤ 酒精含量 Ethanol content ≥ 硫酸试验 Sulfuric acid ≤ 氧化时间 Oxidation time ≥ 总醛 (以乙醛计) Total aldehyde （by ≤ acetaldehyde 甲醇 Methanol ≤ 正丙醇 Normal propyl alcohol ≤ 异丁醇+异戊醇 Isobutanol + isoamylol ≤ 总酸 (以乙酸计) Total acid (by acetic acid) ≤ 单位 Unit 号 No. %(v/v) 号 No. Min mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l (GB10343-2002) 特级 Extra 10 5 40 1 2 2 1 优级 Fine 10 10 30 3 50 35 2 普级 Common 10 60 20 30 150 100 30 mg/l 7 10 20
酒精分类标准及用途
