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车前子降糖活性部位的化学成分研究
作者:彭庆华 韩竹箴 童仁超 胡信权 杨启明 祁萌 石燕红 王峥涛 杨莉 来源:《中国中药杂志》2017年第21期
[摘要]该文研究车前子降糖活性部位的化学成分。前期研究表明车前子60%乙醇提取物对高脂饲料诱导糖尿病模型小鼠的血糖及糖耐量具有一定改善作用。该文进一步应用硅胶、ODS、Sephadex LH20柱色谱,中压制备液相、薄层制备等色谱技术对车前子的60%乙醇提取物进行化学成分研究,共分离了8个化合物,并根据化合物的理化性质结合应用波谱技术鉴定了化合物结构,分别为车前子萜A(1)、iridolactone(2)、pedicularislacton(3)、rehmaglutin C(4)、京尼平苷酸(5)、phydroxylphenylglycerol(6)、4(2羟乙基)1,2苯二酚(7)、3buten2one4[3(βDglucopyranosyloxy)4hydroxyphenyl](8)。其中,化合物1~5为环烯醚萜类,6~8为酚酸类。其中化合物1为新的天然产物,化合物2~4,6,8为首次从车前科植物中分离得到。
[关键词]车前子; 化学成分; 降糖活性; 环烯醚萜; 酚酸类
[Abstract]The chemical constituents of Plantaginis Semen with hypoglycemic effect was
investigated in this paper The previous results of the in vivo hypoglycemic effect showed that 60% ethanol extract of Plantaginis Semen decreased the levels of FBG and improved the glucose tolerance in high fat diet(HFD)induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice Then, in the present study, the above potential bioactive extract was separated and purified by silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH20 column chromatography, medium pressure liquid chromatography(MPLC)and preparative HPLC The structures of isolated compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analyses Eight compounds were obtained and identified as 4, 4a, 5, 7atetrahydro7(hydroxymethyl)cyclopenta[c]pyran3(1H)one(1), iridolactone(2), pedicularislacton(3), rehmaglutin C(4), geniposidic acid(5), phydroxylphenylglycerol(6), 1, 2benzenediol4(2hydroxyethyl)(7), and 3buten2one4[3(βDglucopyranosyloxy)4hydroxyphenyl](8) Among them, compounds 15 were iridoids, and 68 were phenolic acids Compound 1 was a new natural product, and compounds 24, 6 and 8 were isolated from the Plantaginaceae family for the first time.
[Key words]Plantaginis Semen; chemical constituents; hypoglycemic; iridoid; phenolic acid
车前子为历史悠久的常用中药,始载于《神农本草经》,为车前科车前属植物车前Plantago asiatica L.或平车前P. depressa Willd.的干燥成熟种子 [1]。性寒,味甘,具有清热,利尿通淋,渗湿止渴,止泻,明目,祛痰的功效,常用于热淋湿痛、水肿胀满、暑湿泄泻、目赤肿痛和痰热咳嗽等症状。全国各地均有分布,主产于江西、河南。目前,国内外对车前子的研究表明其主要的化学成分有环烯醚萜类、苯乙醇苷类、黄酮类、生物碱类、多糖类以及三萜类、甾醇类化合物等[24]。本课题组在前期药理研究中发现车前子具有良好的降糖活性,车前