课时作业38
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
It is estimated that more than half the world's population is bilingual (双语的), and in an increasingly globalizing world, there are obvious benefits of speaking more than one language. However, for many years, parents were advised not to teach their children to speak more than one language from birth. Learning two or more languages simultaneously (同时) was believed to cause confusion and slow down academic development. While it is certainly true that children who are learning to speak more than one language as their mother tongue will often mix the languages up or speak a little later, these are temporary problems, and there is no reason to avoid teaching a child more than one language.
In fact, there are plenty of reasons to encourage your child to become bilingual from birth. As well as the obvious benefits of being able to communicate with more people, and the possibility of earning more money, children who speak more than one language have been shown to score more highly in achievement tests at school. This is true for mathematics as well as tests of verbal (言语的) skills.
And in later life it has been found that bilinguals, on average, will tend to develop Alzheimer's disease five years later than monolingual speakers. Speaking three or more languages offers even more protection. It seems that the increased number of connections within the brain allows bilinguals to cope better with brain damage.
But is it too late if you haven't already learned a second language in childhood? It used to be thought that the adult brain was very fixed, but recent research has shown that we continue to develop new connections in the brain throughout our lives, meaning that it's perfectly possible to learn another language to a high standard. Older learners are less likely to have native-like pronunciation, but they are better at learning vocabulary as they are able to use far more skills and strategies than children. And learning a language is like using a muscle—the more you use it, the stronger it gets, meaning that you will find your third language easier than your second, and so on.
文章论述了学习双语的好处，如延缓阿尔茨海默症的发生，使学习过程变得越来越容易等。
1．Why shouldn't parents be discouraged from teaching their children to be a bilingual?
A．Children's confusion over two languages will not last long. B．Children will not mistake one language for the other.
C．Parents should begin to teach a second language early. D．Parents' guidance will help children tell two languages apart. 答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的these are temporary problems可知，孩子因学两种语言而感到困惑的情况不会持续太久，因此家长不应该劝阻他们的孩子学习两种语言，故选A项。
2．Which of the following is NOT a possible benefit of being a bilingual? A．A bilingual is less likely to develop Alzheimer's disease. B．A bilingual child may do well in mathematics at school. C．A bilingual will probably make more money.
D．A bilingual child owns relatively good language ability. 答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“And in later life it has been found that...than monolingual speakers.”可知，双语者比只说一种语言的人可能要晚五年得阿尔茨海默病，但这并不能说明双语者不太可能得阿尔茨海默病，故选A项。
3．Compared with children, adult language learners ________. A．are slower at learning a second language B．are more skilled at building vocabulary C．are more likely to acquire a native accent D．are slower at making logic connections 答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Older learners are less likely...and strategies than children.”可知，年龄较大的学习者不太可能学会像母语使用者一样的发音，但他们会在学习词汇方面做得更好，因为他们在这方面比儿童更擅长使用技能和策略，故选B项。
4．What can be learned from the passage?
A．A bilingual child will speak both the languages badly later in his life. B．Learning a second language certainly contributes to your body fitness. C．Connections within adults' brain will permanently stop developing. D．With each language learned, the learning process will become easier. 答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的最后一句可知，学习一门语言就像使用肌肉——你用得越多，它就变得越强壮，这意味着你会发现学习第三语言会比学习第二语言更容易，即随着更多种语言的学习，学习过程将变得越来越容易，故选D项。
B
A letter written by Charles Darwin in 1875 has been returned to the Smithsonian Institution Archives (档案馆) by the FBI after being stolen twice.
“We realized in the mid-1970s that it was missing，” says Effie Kapsalis, head of the Smithsonian Institution Archives. “It was noted as missing and likely taken
by an intern (实习生), from what the FBI is telling us. Word got out that it was missing when someone asked to see the letter for research purposes, and the intern put the letter back. The intern likely took the letter again once nobody was watching it.”
Decades passed. Finally, the FBI received a tip that the stolen document was located very close to Washington, DC. Their art crime team recovered the letter but were unable to press charges because the time of limitations had ended. The FBI worked closely with the Archives to determine that the letter was both authentic and definitely Smithsonian's property.
The letter was written by Darwin to thank an American geologist, Dr Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden, for sending him copies of his research into the geology of the region that would become Yellowstone National Park.
The letter is in fairly good condition, in spite of being out of the care of trained museum staff for so long. “It was luckily in good shape，” says Kapsalis. “And we just have to do some minor things in order to be able to unfold it. It has some glue on it that has colored it slightly, but nothing that will prevent us from using it. After it is repaired, we will take digital photos of it and that will be available online. One of our goals is to get items of high research value or interest to the public online.”
It would now be difficult for an intern, a visitor or a thief to steal a document like this. “Archiving practices have changed greatly since the 1970s，” says Kapsalis, “and we keep our high value documents in a safe that I don't even have access to.”
本文主要讲述了达尔文的一封亲笔信失而复得，现收藏于美国史密森学会档案馆。20世纪70年代中期，这封信疑似被一位实习生偷走，经过FBI和档案馆工作人员的努力，多年后，这一珍贵的历史资料又被找了回来。
5．What happened to Darwin's letter in the mid-1970s? A．It was recovered by the FBI. B．It was stolen more than once.
C．It was put in the Archives for research purposes. D．It was purchased by the Smithsonian Institution Archives. 答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It was noted as missing and...once nobody was watching it.”可知，达尔文的这封信在20世纪70年代中期被偷了不止一次。故选B项。
6．What did the FBI do after the recovery of the letter? A．They proved its authenticity. B．They kept it in a special safe. C．They arrested the suspect immediately. D．They pressed criminal charges in vain.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Their art crime team recovered...and definitely Smithsonian's property.”可知，FBI中负责处理艺术品犯罪的小组虽然找回了那封信，但是因为起诉期限已过，所以不能对罪犯提起诉讼，于是，FBI与史密森学会档案馆紧密合作，以确定这封信是真实的，而且是史密森(学会档案馆)的财产。故选A项。
7．What is Darwin's letter about?
A．The evolution of Yellowstone National Park. B．His cooperation with an American geologist. C．Some geological evidence supporting his theory. D．His acknowledgement of help from a professional. 答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段可知，达尔文写信给费迪南德·范迪维尔·海登博士是为了表示感谢，因为他把后来成为黄石国家公园所处区域的地质研究资料副本送给了达尔文。故选D项。
8．What will the Smithsonian Institution Archives do with the letter according to Kapsalis?
A．Reserve it for research purposes only. B．Turn it into an object of high interest. C．Keep it a permanent secret. D．Make it available online. 答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“After it is repaired, we will take digital photos of it and that will be available online.”可知，当这封信被修复后，会被拍成数字照片，并且人们在网上可以看到它。故选D项。
Ⅱ.七选五
Schools consume a large amount of energy, which has a bad effect on the environment. __1__， there are lots of ways that you can help your school save energy. Look for simple changes your school can make and band together with others to make an even bigger effect.
__2__. Even something as simple as turning off the lights when you leave a room can help to save energy. Turn off the lights in classrooms that are not being used and in other areas, such as empty bathrooms and unoccupied multi-purpose rooms.
Use natural light when the sun is bright. It may not always be necessary for you to have the lights on in your classroom. There may be times of day when the sun is especially bright and enough for what you are doing in your classroom. __3__.
Set up a recycling station at your school. Recycling is a great way to save energy because it reduces the need to produce new materials. __4__， then ask your school principal if you can set one up.
Get others involved. __5__. Either as an individual or as a team, you can create
and put up signs around your school. Try using signs that remind people of things they can do to save energy and also some signs that raise awareness of saving energy.
A．Post signs about conserving energy. B．Whether you are a teacher or a student. C．If your school does not have one.
D．Turn off your computer when it's not used. E．Shut down the lights when rooms are not in use.
F．Other times of day you might only need half of the lights. G．If your school's garbage company offers recycling services. 本文是说明文，从四个方面阐述学生在校园中如何节约能源、保护环境。
1．B 解析：根据句子的结构判断，本句是一个从句，七个选项中只有B、C和G三个选项符合要求。根据语境可知，此处表示“不管你是老师还是学生，总有许多可以帮助你们学校节约能源的方法”。故答案为B。
2．E 解析：本段主要讲述在离开教室等地方的时候关灯以便节约能源。本段中的一些提示词，如“turning off the lights”“Turn off the lights”等也暗示了本题的答案。
3．F 解析：本段主要讲述当教室内光线充足时使用自然光。空前句子中的“times of day”与F项中的“Other times of day”形成对应关系。
4．C 解析：本段谈论在学校内设置回收站回收可循环使用的材料。C选项中的one指代主题句中的a recycling station。
5．A 解析：根据下文的“put up signs”“using signs”“some signs”提示词可以判断答案为A。
Ⅲ.语法填空
China, which is proud of its great inventions in ancient times, has once again shown its ability to change the world with its “four new great inventions”：high-speed rail, mobile payments, bike-sharing and e-commerce. The four innovative (创新的) ways of life were most appealing to youths from 20 countries __1__ (participate) in the Belt and Road Initiative, according to a survey by the Belt and Road Research Institute of Beijing Foreign Studies University.
“The ‘four new great inventions’ are all __2__ (relate) to China's high-tech innovation, __3__ improved the quality of people's lives，” said Wu Hao, executive director of the BRRI. As a huge fan of bicycles, Bernard Schwartlander, World Health Organization Representative in China, __4__ (express) his love for China's shared bicycles, saying that “Shared bikes are bringing cycling back __5__ people's lives and they are making public transport more attractive and convenient.”
Rebecca Fannin, founder and editor of Silicon Dragon, noted that China is beginning to lead in innovation in some ways. “This is partly because China skipped over the PC era and went directly to the mobile. China has the __6__ (large) mobile use in the world.”
With regard to the “four new great inventions”， Charlie Dai, principal analyst
2021届高考英语大一轮复习课时作业38Unit19Language含解析北师大版
