一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解
South Africa is the water-lovers' paradise. Whether you want to be by the sea, on the sea or even under it, there are countless ways to get your ocean experience. Almost all of them are located on South Africa's east coast, where the Indian Ocean keeps water warm. Thompson's Bay, Ballito
Drive 40 minutes north of Durban to reach the unique coastal town of Ballito. Popular with holidaymakers, Ballito has a choice of pretty beaches---- and the best for swimming is
Thompson's Bay. This scenic cove (小海湾)is sheltered from the wind and characterized by its calm waters, interesting rocky outcrops and a fascinating geological hole-in-the-wall. There's a walled tidal pool for those who are nervous to swim in the open ocean, making this spot a particularly good choice for families. Umhlanga Rocks, Durban
Located a 20-minute drive from central Durban, the resort town of Umhlanga is an upmarket getaway for vacationing South Africans and visitors in the know. The main Umhlanga Rocks beach boasts safe swimming waters and endless golden sands, again protected by lifeguards and shark nets. A paved walkway provides direct access to the town's beachfront shops, restaurants and bars.
Gonubie Beach, East London
The coastal town of Gonubie is seen by many as a suburb of East London, one of the largest cities of the Eastern Cape. Its picture-perfect beach offers great swimming areas in the open sea. The Gonubie River reaches the sea at this point, too, and offers an alternative bathingspot on days when the surf is bigger than usual. All along the river's green banks, you'll find a series of shaded spots perfect for summer picnics and barbecues.
（1）If you are planning a family trip to South Africa, which beach suits you best? A.Thompson's Bay, Ballito. B.Umhlanga Rocks, Durban. C.Gonubie Beach. East London D.Kelly's Beach, Port Alfred.
（2）What's special about Umhlanga Rocks in Durban? A.It is free for children. B.Its target crowd is the rich. C.It has a walled tidal pool. D.It has pale brown sand.
（3）When meeting violent waves on Gonubie Beach, you can . A.go swimming in the open sea B.go bathing at an alternative spot C.go surfing in the open sea D.go camping by the riverside. 【答案】 （1）A
（2）B （3）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了南非三个著名的海滨旅游景点的信息。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的\to swim in the open ocean, making this spot a particularly good choice for families.\可知\是家庭旅行很好的选择。故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的\a 20-minute drive from central Durban, the resort town of Umhlanga is an upmarket getaway for vacationing South Africans and visitors in the know.\中的%upmarket getaway\意为\高档的度假胜地\，由此可知\Rocks, Durban\适合富人度假。故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的\Gonubie River reaches the sea at this point, too, and offers an alternative bathing spot on days when the surf is bigger than usual.\可知在Gonubie Beach如果风浪太大，景点会给游客提供备用的浴场。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇广告类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
A university in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, has installed facial recognition systems in classrooms to monitor students' behavior, sparking a heated debate online. China Pharmaceutical University recently installed the systems in two pilot classrooms as well as school gates, dormitory entrances, the library and laboratory buildings.
Xu Jianzhen, director of the university's library and information center, told TbePaper.cn that the systems will help teachers check student attendance and monitor behavior during the lectures. \other students to check the attendance for them. Now with facial recognition, that would no longer be a problem,\you all the way through and can tell how long you lower your head, whether you're playing with a smart phone, whether you're dozing off or reading other books,\
The news has raised wide debate on Chinese social media, with many questioning if the cameras will violate students' privacy. A Sina Weibo user said: \not clear whether the systems are developed by the school itself or by third parties. If it is the latter, is there any regulation of security? Where will the information be sent and stored?\ Gan Xiangsi, a senior student from the university, said she welcomed the systems being applied in dormitories and libraries as this can help prevent personal belongings being stolen，but it is not necessary to use such technology in the classroom. \the teacher teaches well，the students will be interested,\she said. \the contrary, this kind of monitoring will make everyone feel resistant.\
China Pharmaceutical University is not the first university to use facial recognition technology on campus. Many universities across the country have installed cameras at campus entrances to ensure safety. But many are also hesitant when it comes to applying such technology in
classrooms.
\National Institute of Education Sciences, told China National Radio. According to Chu, teachers and students who are under observation might not behave as they normally would since they know they are being watched. \should not be installed in classrooms merely for effective teaching purposes,\Chu said, as teachers are also being observed. He agreed that \is an important principle. \state of listening，and teachers may also not perform as well. Then real teaching will not occur,\he added.
（1）Which of the following is NOT the function of facial recognition systems? A.To help check student attendance. B.To help monitor student behavior. C.To help ensure student safety. D.To help protect student privacy
（2）What does the underlined word \ A.abandon B.attend C.dislike D.enjoy
（3）What's Chu Zhaohui's attitude towards installing cameras in classrooms? A.favorable B.indifferent C.unfavorable D.neutral
（4）What's the writer's purpose of writing this passage? A.To introduce the function of facial recognition systems. B.To express his preference for facial recognition systems. C.To express his strong dislike for facial recognition systems.
D.To introduce people's different attitudes to facial recognition systems. 【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）C （4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了江苏省南京市的一所大学在教室里安装了面部识别系统来监控学生的行为，这在网上引起了激烈的争论。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Xu Jianzhen，director of the university's library and information center, told TbePaper.cn that the systems will help teachers check student attendance and monitor behavior during the lectures.”该校图书馆信息中心主任徐建振告诉TbePaper.cn，该系统将帮助教师检查学生出勤情况，并监控学生在课堂上的行为）排除A和B；根据倒数第二段中的“Many universities across the country have installed cameras at
campus entrances to ensure safety.”全国许多大学都在校园入口处安装了摄像头，以确保安全排除C。D选项“帮助保护学生的隐私”不是面部识别系统的功能，故选D。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“or asked other students to check the attendance for them.”或者让其他学生帮他们签到。可知上文意思是过去，一些学生只是签到，然后逃课。\的意思是放弃，抛弃，故选A。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的 \should not be installed in classrooms merely for effective teaching purposes,’ Chu said, as teachers are also being observed.“不应该仅仅为了有效的教学而在教室里安装摄像头，”朱说，因为老师们也在被观察。）由此推断出，朱朝晖对在教室里安装摄像头持不赞成的态度，故选C。
（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“A university in Nanjing, Jiangsu province，has installed facial recognition systems in classrooms to monitor students' behavior, sparking a heated debate online.”江苏省南京市的一所大学在教室里安装了面部识别系统来监控学生的行为，这在网上引起了激烈的争论。可推断出，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍人们对人脸识别系统的不同态度，故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
I visited Elba last June, joining Mary and John on a bicycling vacation. They made the arrangements for the car, hotel and bicycles. I studied the history of the island, which of course particularly features Napoleon.
Napoleon (now I know) picked Elba as a place for peace when he was forced to give up the throne (王权) as Emperor of France in 1814. Far from being a prison island, Elba is beautiful with towering mountains, thick forests and sweeping bays and beaches.
It is also an island filled with treasure. Very early on this island, locals discovered rich deposits of iron. Soon outsiders, too, discovered the iron and 150 other valuable minerals on this little piece of land. Long before Etruscans and other Greeks set foot on it, Dorians had moved in by the tenth century B. C. and were mining the island. The Romans ruled next, obtaining the minerals and building grand houses overlooking the sea. From the twelfth century until the nineteenth, the island was traded back and forth and was passed to France in 1802. Then came Napoleon, the new ruler of Elba.
I was eager to visit his house in Portoferraio. The Emperor lived with his court and his mother, but his wife, Marie Louise had ensconced herself in the splendid Viennese palace of her father, Emperor of Austria. She lived safely there and showed little interest in visiting her husband in his mini-kingdom. Apparently, Napoleon wasn't troubled much by this. He was too busy riding everywhere on horseback, building roads, modernizing agriculture and, above all, sharpening his tiny army and navy into readiness for his escape.
In the formal gardens behind the house it seemed to me that I could imagine the exiled (流放的) conqueror's anxious thoughts. He might gaze over where I stood now, toward the lighthouse
of the Stella fort, the sandy bay, and across it, the green mountains of the Tuscan coast. Napoleon spent only ten months here before making his victorious return to France and the throne. （1）What did the author do for the visit to Elba?
A. He did research on its past. B. He arranged transportation. C. He planned bicycling routes. D. He booked accommodation. （2）Who might be the earliest outsiders to Elba according to the text?
A. Napoleon and his army. B. Etruscans and other Greeks. C. Dorians. D. Romans. （3）What does the underlined word \ A.Settled. B.Locked. C.Cured. D.Controlled.
（4）What came to the author's mind during his visit to Napoleon's gardens? A.Beautiful views on Elba. B.Terrible living conditions on Elba. C.Napoleon's ambition to regain power. D.Hardship of Napoleon's return to France. 【答案】 （1）A （2）C （3）A （4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了对拿破仑曾经流放地Elba岛的参观之旅，作者介绍了Elba岛的历史背景与拿破仑在岛上的生活事迹。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“I studied the history of the island, which of course particularly features Napoleon.”可知作者为了Elba的此次拜访对它过去的历史做了一些学习和研究，故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Long before Etruscans and other Greeks set foot on it, Dorians had moved in by the tenth century B. C. and were mining the island.”可知早在伊特鲁里亚人和其他希腊人踏足该岛之前，多里安人在公元前10世纪就已迁入该岛，并在岛上采矿。故Dorians可能是最早到Elba的外来者，故选C。
（3）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“She lived safely there and showed little interest in visiting her husband in his mini-kingdom.”可知Marie Louise住在Viennese很安全，对去她丈夫的小王国探视毫无兴趣。live对应上文的ensconce，意思为“定居；安置”，故选A。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“In the formal gardens behind the house it seemed to me that I could imagine the exiled (流放的) conqueror's anxious thoughts.”可知在房子后面的花园里，作者仿佛能想象出那个被流放的征服者的焦虑的思想。即作者在参观拿破仑的花园时想到了拿破仑对重新掌权的野心。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，而选出正确答案。
2020-2021高考英语备考之阅读理解压轴突破训练∶培优篇
