第2讲 句法类
句法类错误主要考查三大从句和特定句式，相对来说难度较大，我们建议在解题流程的第2、3步去解决，另外考生在平时练题中应多加分析句子、多积累固定句式，熟悉三大从句的用法及特点。
1 固定句式或特定句型考点
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. 答案 去掉much
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I have grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.
答案 and→but
对于固定或特定句式，最有效的途径就是多积累多记忆。例如，强调句式“it be ... that ...”，“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”句式，并列句式“not only ...
but also ...，neither ... nor ...，either ... or ...”等，这些都是高考的常考点，考生必须熟记于心。
2 主谓一致 考点1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning
from textbooks, and mistakes as well. 答案 include→includes
2．(2016·浙江高考)He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us. 答案 was→were
3．Tom, as well as his children, are to visit Beijing this summer. 答案 are→is
4．I, who is your teacher, will do my best to help you.
答案 is→am
．判断主谓语是关键1．
(1)可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数。
(2)动词－ing形式、不定式或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。 注意：名词性从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词应用复数。
(3)就近原则常见的有：either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ..., there be等。
(4)就远原则常见的有：with, along with, together with, as well as, but, except, besides, including, in addition to, rather than等。 (5)在倒装句中要找出句子的主语从而判断谓语动词的单复数。 (6)定语从句中的谓语动词要与定语从句所修饰的先行词保持一致。 2．附加成分是难点
对于分隔现象，可利用“减—减”原则：先从整体上把握主干，再去掉句子中的插入语、附加成分等分隔干扰部分，使结构简化。
3 从句中关联词的误用 考点1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking
by the school playground. 答案 where→when
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them. 答案 what→that/which
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life. 答案 where→when
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. 答案 that→which
5．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. 答案 that→where
6．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.
答案 去掉where或where→that
(1)对于定语从句要熟知：①只能用which的情况(非限制性定语从句和介词后)；②关系代词和关系副词如何区分(看先行词在定语从句中所作成分，作状语时用关系副词，其他成分用关系代词)。
that另外名词性从句中要知道对于状语从句或名词性从句可从语意或成分上去判断，(2)．
和what的区别(that只起连接作用，不作成分；what既起连接作用又作成分，含义上等于“名
词＋that”)。
4 句子结构的对等性、逻辑性等 考点(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the words, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！”
答案 Turning→Turn 所在。
引号中的直接引语为三个祈使句，是平行关系，注意到结构上的对等性，就可以成功找出错误
过关检测(限时：20分钟)
(2019·新余二模)I have a lovely white dog called Qiu Qiu. She is a nice “girl”， but sometime she makes me angry. One day, my grandmother was sewed a pair of trousers with a needle in the living room. Before a while, my grandmother went to the kitchen, left the trousers with the needle on the table. The needle had fell on the floor. Qiu Qiu saw the needle and begin to chew it. When my grandmother got back, she was frightening. Immediately she asked me to have a look. I held Qiu Qiu and managed to get the needle out her mouth. When all this was over, I held her tightly in my arm and said, “Poor little girl! You might have died！” However, the little dog just stared at me innocent. 答案：
I have a lovely white dog called Qiu Qiu. She is a nice “girl”， but sometime
①sometimes
she makes me angry. One day, my grandmother was sewed a pair of trousers with a
needle
②sewing
in the living room. Before a while, my grandmother went to the kitchen, ∧ /left
the
leaving③After④and
trousers with the needle on the table. The needle had＼ fell on the floor. Qiu
Qiu saw
⑤
the needle and begin to chew it. When my grandmother got back, she was frightening.
⑦frightened⑥began
Immediately she asked me to have a look. I held Qiu Qiu and managed to get the
needle
out ∧ her mouth. When all this was over, I held her tightly in my arm and said, “Poor
⑧of⑨arms
little girl! You might have died！” However, the little dog just stared at me innocent.
⑩innocently
(2019·兰州高考诊断考试)Now I'd like to share with you a strange experience I had a month before. It may sound funny, and it's true. After a day's hard work I went
2020高考英语大二轮复习冲刺经典专题语法部分专题二短文改错第2讲句法类教学案
