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外文文献及译文
文献、资料题目： ＩNTELLIGENT ＢUILDING ALARM
文献、资料来源: 网络
文献、资料发表(出版)日期：2012,2 院 （部）: 信息与电气工程学院 专 业: 电气工程与自动化 班 级: 电气0８４ 姓 名： 邓红坤 学 号： 2008１2１017 指导教师: 王克河
翻译日期： 2０12、２、2９
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外文文献:
INＴＥLLＩGENT ＢUILDING ALAＲM
BACKGROUNＤ OＦ TＨE ＩNVＥＮＴIOＮ
Thｉs iｎveｎtion relatｅs ｔo ａn intｅlｌigｅnｔ ａlaｒm sｙｓtｅm for 5 ｄeteｃting hａzardｏus sｉtuａtions ｉn ａ buiｌdｉng ｉｎforｍｉng ｂuiｌdiｎg ocｃupants ｏf oｐtimaｌ eｓcａpe routes or suｒvival stｒateｇies ａnd ａsｓｉsｔiｎg ｅmｅrgencｙ ｐersonneｌ ｉn reｓｃuiｎg peopｌe inside the bｕiｌding． Builｄing ｈazａrds, inｃluｄing fiｒｅ, ｅartｈquakes， intrｕderｓ, ｅtc., have the pｏtenｔiａl foｒ
large numbers of casualｔieｓ. Efｆｅctive ｂuilding alａrm systｅms musｔ ｈave the capabｉliｔｙ to pｒocess a ｐlｕraliｔy of iｎput types ｔo dｅｔｅrｍinｅ ｔhe natuｒe of ｔhｅ siｔuａｔiｏn iｎvｏlviｎg danｇer ｔo pｅｒsoｎs in tｈe buildｉng. The bｕiｌding alarｍ system ｍust ａlsｏ have mｏre ｔｈan simple auｄio/vｉｓuaｌ outputs foｒ ｈelpinｇ pｅople in ｔhｅ buildｉng find ｓafe escａpe rｏutes． Ｕｓｅ ｏf thｅ term buiｌｄinｇ ｉｎ this iｎｖeｎtｉon referｓ to anｙ structuｒe ｉnｃludｉｎg, ｂut ｎot ｌiｍitｅd tｏ, ｏｆfice bｕildings， commerｃiaｌ buildings, faｃtｏｒy/ｗａｒehｏｕseｓ， ｒesiｄential homeｓ, eｔc． Aspeｃｔs of buiｌdiｎg alａrm ｓysteｍs are deｓcｒibｅd 2０ in, U.S. Paｔ. Ｎｏs. 3,6８６,4３4； ４,51１,886； ３，634,８46； 4,６１4， 968; 4,775,85３； 5，2６７，18０; 5,281,9５1, each of which is ｉncoｒpｏｒateｄ heｒeiｎ bｙ ｒｅfｅｒenｃｅ.
Ｄeｔｅｃtion of haｚarｄs that may ｅxｉｓt in ａ building is cｒuｃial ｉn the proper functioning of an iｎtｅｌligent building aｌaｒｍ systｅｍ. Current ｓeｎsｏr teｃhnology alloｗs foｒ the ａｃcuｒate ｍonitorｉnｇ ｏｆ many building paｒameｔers ｉｎｃludinｇ, buｔ ｎoｔ ｌiｍited to, carbon monoxide (ＣO）， ｈydrocａrbons, ｔｅmpeｒature, vibration， etc. Ａcｃurate sensor reaｄings usiｎg sopｈistｉｃatｅd ｓenｓoｒ ｔechnoloｇｙ can ｍinimｉｚe the oｃcurreｎce of ｃostly ｆaｌse alarms.
＂Eｘpert sysｔｅｍs＂ aｒe beｃomiｎｇ more ｅxtenｓivｅly used as a ｐｒoblem ｓolｖｉｎg ｔoｏｌ． Ａn inｔelligent buiｌdinｇ ａlarｍ can beneｆit from thｅ ｕsｅ ｏf
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exｐeｒt system ｃoｎcepts. Maｎy diffｅｒent ｐosｓｉbiｌitieｓ ｆoｒ ｈａzardｓ, and ｄealｉｎg with thｅm, musｔ bｅ anaｌyｚed tｏ aｄeｑｕateｌy alert ｐerｓonｓ iｎ a bｕilding oｆ dａｎgeroｕs situations. Eｘperｔ systｅms aｒe dｅsiｇnｅd to make ｕse of pooｌeｄ knowleｄge reｓｏurｃes ｆrom a groｕｐ of eｘpｅrienced persons hａｖing wｉth ｃonsｉderａblｅ eｘpｅrience iｎ 40 diverse ｆields rｅｌａting tｏ ｅmｅｒgenｃy sｉtuations inclｕdiｎｇ， but noｔ limited tｏ, fire figｈtｉng， toxiｃ ｆume dｅｔｅcｔion, eａrthquake phｙｓicｓ， huｍａn tｏleraｎce ｔo hａzａｒｄs, medical probleｍs, etc.
＂Fuｚzy ｌoｇｉc\ｌogic ｓystem thaｔ is a superｓet ｏf Boolean ｌogｉc． Since the world iｓ primａrily analog ｉn naｔｕｒe, ４5 maｎy ｓｉｔuaｔions cannot be adeqｕａtely moｄeled usiｎg sｉmple Ｂooleaｎ true／nｏt ｔrue logｉc. Ｓiｍpｌy coｎｃludinｇ thａt ａｎ event, elｅment, or ｃondition ｉs eiｔher \＂ ｏr is not \ｓeldom aｄｅquａte in makｉｎｇ a cｏmplex dｅｃisiｏn. Ｆoｒ eｘaｍpｌe， ｔhｅ teｍpｅｒature iｎ ｏne room of a ｂuiｌdinｇ durｉng a fｉre in the buiｌding cannot simply be ｄｉstinguｉsheｄ as a dangeｒ oｒ ｎoｔ a ｄanｇer. Ｏｔher faｃtorｓ, ｓuch as gas ｃonｃentraｔion， smoke ocｃｕrrenｃｅ and ｄensity, fｌａmｅs, etc., ａlso limｉｔ an aｎalyｓis of ｐｏｓｓiｂle dａｎｇer ｗhｅｎ simplｙ ｃｏｎsｉdeｒeｄ ａs, foｒ iｎｓtａnｃe, ｈｉgｈ dangｅｒ or not ｈigh daｎgeｒ. Fｕｚｚy ｌｏｇic helｐs ｍoｄｅl prｏbleｍs ｉnｖoｌving humanｉｓtic issuｅs by aｌlowing membersｈip ｉn moｒe tｈａｎ one set ａnｄ aｌlowing ａ ｍｅｍbershiｐ transitｉon baｎd from onｅ set to another set．
A preferreｄ alａｒm ｓystem wilｌ hａve the capabiliｔy ｏf transferｒing and processing datａ ｆrｏｍ oｎe, ｍorｅ tｈａn one or many ｉnput devices. Cｕrreｎt ｉnfoｒmation ｎｅtwｏrｋing ｔｅchnoｌogy provides for ｌow ｃosｔ aｎd ｓtanｄａrdized hａrdwarｅ ａnd ｓoｆtwaｒe systems ｗith the pｅｒfｏｒmaｎce capａcity to hａndle many inpｕt and/or outｐuｔ conｎeｃtｉoｎs. Awire oｒ cabｌe ｂased ｃommｕnicａtｉons systeｍ ｗiｌl be ｕsｅd tｏ fａcilitatｅ ｃommunicatioｎs witｈｉｎ a ｓｉｎgle ｂｕｉｌdingｏｒ, also ａ ｐosｓｉbilｉty withｉｎ a ｃluster oｆ buｉldinｇs． Alterｎａｔivelｙ， radio commuｎicatiｏnｓ can be used fｏr a b
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ｕiｌｄｉng alarm sysｔem, ａｖｏiding a failｕre ｏｒ ｍiｓcommｕnｉｃaｔion duｅ tｏ damage tｏ cａbles iｎ a hａrｄwired alarm sysｔeｍ. ＳＵＭMＡＲY OF TＨE IＮVENTIＯＮ
The present inventｉｏn ｐrovidｅs for ａｓsistｉng peｏplｅ ａt ｒisk, ｉnclｕdinｇ eｍergenｃy pｅrsｏｎｎel, inｖoｌved in danｇerous ｓituaｔiｏｎｓ suｃh as tｈosｅ created by fiｒeｓ iｎ ｂuｉldｉngs， ｅaｒthquaｋｅｓ affｅcｔiｎg a builｄiｎｇ, buｉldiｎg cｏllａpｓe, ｔｏｘic fumes in a building, prｅsｅncｅ ｏf air borne bacteriａ in the hｅating, ｖentilation， and aｉr condｉtioninｇ ｓｙstｅm （HVAC)， ｔerrorisｔ attaｃｋs， ｏr ａｎy ｏthｅｒ dａｎgerｓ tｈat may ｅxｉｓｔ in a builｄinｇ， boaｔ, plａｎe， traiｎ, or otｈer struｃｔure. Sensｏr uniｔs aｒｅ lｏcatｅd in a pｌｕrality ｏf loｃatiｏns throughout a structｕre to providｅ adｅquate sensｏｒ inpuｔ anｄ oｕtｐut coveragｅ for ｔhe structuｒｅ． Ｔｈｅ sensor uniｔ ｏr pｌurａlitｙ of senｓor units ａre aｃtivated ｔo sａｍpｌe a ｖａriｅtｙ of envirｏnmentａl factors. Ｔhｅ seｎsｏr ｏｕtpｕt signalｓ ｂroａｄｃast to a centｒaｌ poｉnt moniｔｏred by softwarｅ and/or emergencｙ perｓoｎnel. Collected infｏrmａtioｎ ｉnclｕdeｓ； ｌocaｌized tempeｒatｕrｅ, sｍokｅ levelｓ in the ｓtｒucｔure, toxic gas lｅvｅls, ｃriｔically siｇnificanｔ sｏunｄs (including speｅch), optical ｉnfｏｒmatiｏｎ， ｌocａｔｉｏn posiｔｉon of hazardｓ aｎd sensｏr units, ａnd ｏｔhｅｒ types of ｕｓeful ｉnfｏrmaｔioｎ. Ｅxpｅrt sｙsｔｅｍ sｏfｔwarｅ, rｕｎniｎg oｎ a coｍputｉng deｖiｃe or CPU， proceｓｓes the souｒce cｏllected daｔa to assist the ｅmeｒｇeｎcy pｅｒsonneｌ in deterｍinｉnｇ thｅ beｓｔ ｐlan oｆ aｃｔｉon ａｎｄ implｅmｅntatｉon ｏf the plan for the saｆety of ｐersons in ｔhe ｂuilｄing． Senｓor ｕnits are attached to waｌls, cｅiｌingｓ, ｃａｂiｎets， and ｏｔher lｏｃatiｏｎs appｒoｐriatｅ for sensor coｖeraｇe ｏf a ｐarticuｌar area. The sensoｒ unit ｉs ｅquiｐｐed wiｔh the neｃeｓsａｒy traｎｓdｕcers to ａlｌoｗ for tｈe deｔｅction of tempｅｒatuｒe， smokｅ levｅlｓ, toxiｃ cheｍical levelｓ, anｄ the like iｎ a pａrticulaｒ area of ａ bｕｉlding. Sｏme ｏf thｅ seｎsoｒｓ wiｌl be common to all aｐplｉcatｉoｎs, bｕt ｓome wｉｌl ｂｅ apｐlｉｃａｔiｏn ｓｐecifｉc． Fｏｒ eｘaｍpｌｅ, all ａpplications will havｅ a ｓｅｎsｏr fｏr detｅcｔing tempｅｒａturｅ
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buｔ some may ｃontain transducｅｒs foｒ tｈe detectiｏn of gasoｌiｎe or othｅr combustible hydrocarbｏnｓ at a refiｎｅry thａt woulｄ nｏt be ｎeｃｅssａry aｔ othｅｒ buildiｎgs wｈｅre tｈese fｌammａble ｇasｅs are not prｅsent．
Tｈｅ senｓｏr ｕnit ｍay ａｌsｏ coｎtａiｎ an analｏg or digiｔal camｅrａ． Thｅ ｃamｅra cｏnsｔantly monitoｒs the viciniｔy oｆ tｈｅ caｍｅra for ｄatａ useful to emerｇenｃy persoｎｎel. Ｃｏｍｐutｅr ｖision ａlgoritｈmｓ are ｅmpｌｏyed ｔo mａke determinations oｆ tｈe ｔyｐe ｏf hazａｒｄs existing in the camｅrａ's viciｎity ｏr help dｅterminｅ ｔhe presence oｒ ａbsｅncｅ of people in ｖiｅｗ of tｈｅ camerａ. A cａmera rｅspｏnｄｉng to oｔher non－ｖisｉbｌe ｗavelｅngths of light, such as infrared, caｎ ｈelｐ ｄetermine the ｔyｐｅ aｎd ｌocａtion oｆ flameｓ, hot spots, peoｐle， ｅtｃ．
Ｔhe sensor uｎｉt may ａlｓo ｃontain a ｍicｒophone for audiｏ input． Iｎ some hazardouｓ condiｔions， ａudｉo cues mａy bｅ of great ｂeｎefit ｆor emergencｙ ｐeｒsonnel in ｄeterｍｉnｉnｇ tｈｅ type and loｃation oｆ ceｒtaｉn types ｏf hazards. For exａｍpｌe， if one ｏｒ mｏｒe ｐｅoplｅ ｈaｖe taｋen contrｏｌ of the buiｌding througｈ ｔｈe use of fｉrearms， the lｏｃatiｏｎ of assａilants ｃaｎ be ｄetermined tｈrouｇh sｏｕｎｄs and nｏiｓeｓ produced by tｈe attaｃkerｓ． Mｕltiｐlｅ sensｏr uｎits pick up a ｓouｎｄ, poｓsibｌy ａ gunshot, at differｅnｔ locatiｏns aｎd ｃａn, thrｏugｈ ｔhｅ uｓｅ oｆ signal prｏcessing alｇｏrithms, ｄetermiｎe tｈｅ loｃatｉoｎ of thｅ ｆireａrm.
A mｉｃroｐhｏne maｙ ａlsｏ \ｐickｕp\ｕmａｎ ｓpeeｃh to bｅ pｒocessｅｄ by ｓpeecｈ ｒecoｇnitiｏｎ aｌｇｏrithms. Spｅech rｅcｏgnitｉoｎ algｏritｈmｓ ｈavｉnｇ ａ sｐｅａkeｒ indepenｄｅnt capability, ａllow voices to be reｃognｉｚeｄ witｈout prior spｅeｃｈ reｃoｇnitiｏn ｉnpｕt ｔraiｎｉｎg. For ａ limｉteｄ vocabulary systｅm, a ｓpeaker ｉndependent sｐｅｅch ｒeｃognition is reａlｉｚablｅ witｈ currｅntly available tｅchｎｏlogy. Bｕilｄing resideｎtｓ anｄ visitｏrs caｎ ｂｅ ｔrained on the sｐｅech ｒecogniｔion ｓysｔｅm， to obtain ａ workiｎg knowｌｅdｇe ｏｆ the ｗoｒds knoｗn bｙ the sｐeeｃh ｒｅcｏgnition cｏmｐonenｔ oｆ the inｔelliｇent ｂuiｌding alaｒm syｓｔｅｍ in thａt buiｌｄiｎg．
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外文文献及翻译格式模版
