III. Reading comprehension
Passage One
The causes that lead to conditions likely for crime and fights are stronger in urban communities than in country ones. As you know, urban life is more crowded and separate, and almost few people get to know the other people's existence in the city. And it often sets the individual free from the limitations (局限) of city life than the tradition-centered societies did. But more freedom from limitations and controls also gives the people greater freedom to get away from it. And living in the colder, well organized urban area means that ruling orders of action are often guided by the departments far away. The police are strangers carrying out these orders, at worst, a different community and, at best, a same set of subjects. Minor offences in a small town or village are often dealt with without the usage of official police action. As doubtful as such action may seem to be, it results in fewer recorded breaking of the law as compared to the city, however. Although perhaps causing some decision difficulties for the police in small towns, normal and smooth law making is not always acceptable to villagers.
Urban areas with more population, greater wealth, more commercial establishments(设施), and more products of our technology also provide more opportunities for stealing. The people are independent, their money is insured, well-made goods in a large number are beautifully exhibited and easier to carry. 1. The passage mainly tells us that . A) being known to the neighbors increases the danger of being attacked B) there are more crime rates in the urban area than in the country area C) small villages have more minor crimes than urban centers D) there is no way to prevent urban crimes from happening 2. What was the traditional society like?
A) It provided too much freedom of personal movement and travel. B) It provided less freedom for the individual in many situations. C) The technology was not fully used in the traditional society. D) A lot of old traditions passed on to modern society.
3. The phrase \
A) theft B) robbery C) bribery D) murder
4. According to the passage, the crime rate in small villages is . A) higher than that of urban centers B) lower than that of urban centers C) the same as that of urban centers D) now being reduced
5. Which of the following does NOT lead to the high crime rate in urban areas? A) Store window exhibits. B) High level of living. C) Fewer police departments. D) Large population.
Passage Two
Who talks more，women or men? The seemingly conflicting evidence is resolved by the difference between what I call public and private speaking. More men feel comfortable doing \\
Another way of capturing these differences is by using the terms report-talk and rapport-talk. For most women, the language of conversation is primarily a language of rapport: a way of establishing connections and negotiating relationships. Emphasis is placed on displaying similarities and matching experiences. From childhood, girls criticize their friends who try to stand out or appear better than others. People feel their closest connections at home, or in places where they feel at home -- with one or a few people they feel close to and comfortable with -- in other words, during private speaking. But even the most public situations can be approached like private speaking.
For most women, talk is primarily a means to preserve independence and negotiate and maintain status in a hierarchical(等级制度的) social order. This is done by exhibiting knowledge and skill, and by ho1ding center stage through verbal
performance such as storytelling, joking, or conveying information. From childhood, men learn to use talking as a way to get and keep attention. Therefore, they are more comfortable speaking in 1arger groups made up of people they know 1ess well, in the broadest sense, \tuations can be
approached like public speaking, more like giving a report than establishing rapport. 6.A similar term for \A. report-talk B. rapport-talk C. persuasive talk D. women's talk 7.When women talk，they tend to________.
A. admire their friends who stand out B. make others feel at home
C. approach public situations like private talking D. seek close relationship with other speakers 8. Men talk in order to________. A. make new friends B. share experience C. argue with others D. attract attention 9. The purpose of this passage is to _______. A. contrast the male and female talking styles
B. prove that men talk more effectively than women C. analyze why men and women are different
D. draw people's attention to the difference between men and women
10. Which of the following is true? A. Men talk more than women．
B. Men feel more comfortable making a public speech than women. C. Men are more knowledgeable than women． D. Men are more independent than women．
Passage Three
Labor force is defined as being the total number of people who are available to work and earn income. This definition includes everyone who is employed or seeking paid employment, so it includes employers and the self—employed. Labor is one of the country's resources which can be combined with other resources to produce the goods and services wanted by the community. Although the size of the workforce depends a great deal on the size of the total population, there are several other
influences which a1so affect it. The age distribution of the total population has a very marked effect on the available workforce. If the population has a high proportion of very young people or of those too o1d to work, then the available workforce would be lower than if there were an evenly spread age distribution. If the population naturally grows rapidly, i.e. the number of births greatly exceeds the number of deaths, then as a total population increases the proportion in the workforce declines.
Sometimes a population is described as aging, which means that the birth rate is either falling or growing very slowly, and as people retire from the workforce there are insufficient numbers of young people entering it to replace those who are leaving it. The population is top-heavy(头重脚轻) with older people. So the percentage of the population in the workforce declines when there is either a rapid increase in births or a falling birth rate.
The age distribution of the population has several important effects on the
economy. If the population is aging and there is an increase in the number of people retiring without a corresponding increase in the number entering the workforce, this raises the problem of the ability of the economy to provide a reasonable 1evel of social services to the retired group. If the aged are to be cared for in special homes, finance must be avai1able for that purpose. If the size of the workforce is small
relative to the total population, then the government tax revenue is relatively low and either the government has less money available to it or the workforce members have to be taxed more heavily.
11.Labor force is referred to as ____________
A. people who are available to work and earn income B. self-employed people only
C. only those who are looking for an employment D. only the employers
12.According to the passage, which of the following factors is NOT mentioned as an influence on the size of the workforce? A. The size of the population.
B. The age distribution of the population. C. The national economy.
D. The number of births and deaths.
13.The conclusion which can be drawn safely from the second paragraph is that ________.
A. a population growth from natural increase leads to a greater proportion of the workforce
B. a large population does not necessarily mean a higher proportion of workforce C. the larger the number of the aged in a population, the higher the proportion of the workforce
D. if the population has an evenly spread age distribution, the workforce will be lower 14.When a population is said to aging,____________.
A. there are more people retiring than those entering the workforce. B. the birth rate must be growing
C. there should be an oversupply of workforce D. young people outnumber old people
15.The population which is top-heavy with older people exerts pressure on ________ A. the employers B. the self-employed C. the young people D. the economy of the country
Passage Fore.
The age of space science began less than thirty years ago. But already people have made great discoveries and have done exciting things. They have walked in
space, visited the moon, and lived in space laboratories for long periods of time. Some scientists are now working on ways to make it possible for people to live on other planets. They are trying to solve problems of living in space, even though they don't yet know what all of the problems will be. For example, they don't yet know what problems people would have if they loved being weightless for several years.
If you were a space traveler you might have to spend several months, or even years, in a spaceship. While you were in the ship you wouldn't live as you usually do. You might have to find new ways to spend your time. Your body would have to adjust to different conditions. And you would have some problems that you never think about here on Earth. For example, you would have to have a huge supply of food with you because you can't go to the supermarket when you're halfway to another planet. You also would need fresh water and a way to get rid of waste. In fact, there would be many problems to solve in order to live in space.
16. According to the passage, which of the following is not true?
A) if you were a space traveler, you had to live in a spaceship for some time B) scientists have solved problems of living in space
C) while you were in the ship you wouldn't live as you usually do D) scientists are finding ways to make people live on other planets
17. The sentence \
(Line6- 7, Para. 1) is probably, closest in meaning to . A) people who were light had many problems B) many people who loved to be very light C) many problems people would face in space D) weightless people who loved to have problems
18. The phrase \ A) a large amount of food B) a huge piece of food
C) the food that is largely supplied on the market D) the food at the supermarket
19. While you were in the spaceship, you would NOT A) need fresh water and a way to get rid of waste B) have some unusual problems
C) go to the supermarket when you were halfway to another planet D) find new ways to spend your time
20. It can be concluded from the passage that . A) life in space was interesting and exciting
B) there would be many problems if you wanted to live in space C) if you were a space traveler, you had to stay in space D) it was easy to enjoy oneself in space
Passage Five
The best example of how associations influence eating is that we often eat not because we're hungry but because it's \because our friends are eating.
More evidence that associations influence eating comes from marketing and advertising pressures to sell foods by offering huge servings. For example, movie theatres offer an extra large box of popcorn(爆玉米花)，which, at almost 900 calories, is equivalent to a major meal. Health professionals warn that as children, adolescents(青少年),and adults learn to prefer large portions and tasty foods high in fat, sugar, and calories, there has been a corresponding increase in rates of being overweight(from 25% in 1988 to 35% in 1998).Researchers are especially concerned about the continued rates of overweight and obesity(肥胖) in children since childhood obesity is very difficult to treat and an obese child has a high probability of becoming an obese adult with the associated health risks we discussed earlier.
大学英语(本科) 18本科各专业复习资料
