译林版小升初英语知识
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-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
小升初英语知识点
1、名词复数规则
(1) 一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
(2) 以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches (3) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
(4) 以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives wolf-wolves
(5) 不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, Chinese-Chinese, Janpanese-Japanese
不可数名词没有单复数之分。
2、名词所有格
(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格:
a) 单数后加 ’s ,如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’,如: his friends’ bags c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s,如: children’s shoes 并列名词中,如果把 ’s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如: Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车 要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’s Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车
(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系:如: a picture of the classroom , a map of China
3、冠词:不定冠词、定冠词 基本介绍:
a) 不定冠词:a / an (元音因素开头的可数名词前用an) 注意: a unit / an uncle
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an art lesson / b) 定冠词:the the egg the plane 定冠词的用法:
a. 特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk. b. 复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new. c. 谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school. d. 在序数词前: John’s birthday is February the second. e. 用于固定词组中: in the morning / afternoon / evening 不用冠词的情况:
a. 专有名词前:China is a big country.
b. 名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等: This is my baseball.
c. 复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers. d. 在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday. e. 一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.
f. 球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.
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* 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well. g. 学科名称前:My favorite subject is music. h. 在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li. i. 固定词组中:at noon at night by bus 4、代词:人称代词、物主代词 人称代词 物主代词 主格 宾格 第一 人称 第二 人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 I(我) we(我们) you(你) you(你们) he(他) 第三 人称 it(它) it its(它的) their(他们的/她们的/它们的) 单数 she(她) me us you you him her my(我的) our(我们的) your(你的) your(你们的) his(他的) her(她的) 复数 they(他们/她们/它们) them
5、数词:基数词、序数词 基数词 (1)1-20
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty (2)21-99:先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。
23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one 序数词
(1)一般在基数词后加th
eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth (2)不规则变化
eg.one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth
(3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th
eg.twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth 基数词转为序数词的口诀:
基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th.
一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d. 八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。 ty将y变成i,th前面有个e.
若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。
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