百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我
[B] was unpopular among European royals [C] eased his relationship with his rivals [D]ended his reign in embarrassment
22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly [A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status [B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality [C] to give voters more public figures to look up to [D]due to their everlasting political embodiment
23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?
[A] Aristocrats’ excessive reliance on inherited wealth [B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies [C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families [D]The nobility’s adherence to their privileges
24. The British royals “have most to fear” because Charles [A] takes a rough line on political issues [B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised [C] takes republicans as his potential allies [D] fails to adapt himself to his future role
25. Which of the following is the best title of the text? [A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined [B] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne
6
百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我
[C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs [D]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming Threats
Text 2
Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.
California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.
The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.
They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone — a vast storehouse of digital information — is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect’s purse. The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an
7
百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我
arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smart phone is more like entering his or her home. A smart phone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.
Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.
As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.
But the justices should not swallow California’s argument
8
百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我
whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.
26. The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to
[A] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents. [B] search for suspects’ mobile phones without a warrant. [C] check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized. [D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.
27. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of [A] disapproval. [B] indifference. [C] tolerance. [D]cautiousness.
28. The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to
9
百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我
[A] getting into one’s residence. [B] handing one’s historical records. [C] scanning one’s correspondences. [D] going through one’s wallet.
29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that [A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed. [B] the court is giving police less room for action. [C] citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected. [D] phones are used to store sensitive information. 30. Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that [A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.
[B] new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.
[C]California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution.
[D]principles of the Constitution should never be altered.
Text 3
The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published
10
研究生考试考研英语一真题试题及答案
