(1)observe sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事 observe sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事 observe sth. done 看到某事被做 observe a rule 遵守规则 (2)observation n. 观测，观察；遵守 under observation 在观察中；被监视中
①[2014·北京高考]Observe_carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.
当你在实验室做实验时，要仔细观察是否发生变化。
②[2013·江苏高考]Failure to observe all Park rules could result in being driven out of the Park without refund.
不遵守所有停车规则，可能会导致被逐出停车厂而不予退款。
③Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still observe the traditional Festivals. 尽管已经在国外生活很多年了，许多中国人仍然庆祝传统节日。 图解助记
－特别提示－ observe后跟不带to的不定式或现在分词作补语，即observe sb.do/doing sth.，不能说observe sb.to do sth.，但在被动语态中，必须带to。 ④He observed_someone_open the door. →Someone was_observed_to_open the door. 他注意到有人打开了门。
过关演练
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式
1．[2014·湖南高考]It's hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making ________ (differ) choices.
答案：different 形容词different修饰名词choices。
2．[2014·天津高考]________ (anxious), she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didn't fit.
答案：Anxiously 副词修饰整个句子，anxiously adv. “急切地”。
3．[2014·安徽高考]Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more ________ (risk) choice.
答案：risky 根据空前的more及空后的名词可知此处用形容词形式，risky adj.“冒险的”。
4．[2014·福建高考]I was ________ (amaze) that he'd come up with such a sweet idea. 答案：amazed 修饰主语I，应用形容词，amazed adj. “感到吃惊的，惊奇的”。 5．[2014·江西高考]Sometimes, his search was limited ________ a cage underwater but that did not bother him.
答案：to be limited to “局限于，限于”。句意：有时候他的搜寻被限制在水下的笼子里，但是这并没有打扰他。
6．I find his lectures very ________； he never sticks to the point. I get ________. (confuse)
答案：confusing; confused 句意：我发现他的课令人困惑不解，他总是跑题。我被弄糊涂了。confusing adj. “令人困惑的”，get confused “被弄糊涂了”。
7．So far large quantities of information ________ (store) in the computer.
答案：have been stored 句意：迄今为止，大量的信息已被储存在计算机里。由so far可知应用现在完成时，quantity修饰名词作主语时，谓语单复数由quantity的单复数决定，故此处应用have；由句意又知应用被动，故填have been stored。
8．The woman was observed ________ (follow) him closely.
答案：to follow be observed to do sth. “被看到做了某事”。句意：有人看到那名女子紧跟着他。
9．Many people expressed a strong preference ________ the original plan at the meeting. 答案：for express the preference for “表达对……的偏爱”。 10．They were determined to get there even ________ the risk of their life.
答案：at 句意：他们下定决心到达那，甚至不惜冒着生命危险。at the risk of “冒着……危险”。
1 turn up 出现，到场；开大?音量?
When I turned up for my first jump I was so nervous that I tried to back out, but my friends persuaded me to go through with it.(P25)
当我第一次跳的时候，我很紧张以致试图放弃，但在朋友们的劝说下，我终于完成了那次蹦极。
turn against 背叛，反对，敌视 turn away 不准进入，拒绝；打发走 turn down 拧小；拒绝；调低 turn in 上交，交还；获得
turn out 生产；制造；证明是，结果是 turn to 求助于；移交；翻到 turn over 翻转；移交
①[2015·湖北高考]Don't worry. I'm sure your missing glasses will turn_up sooner or later. 别着急，我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早会出现的。
②[2015·课标全国卷Ⅱ]Open the curtains and turn_up the lights. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating.
打开窗帘，调亮光线。黑暗的环境，更可能鼓励过量饮食。
③[2014·浙江高考]How could you turn_down such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months?
既然你都失业几个月了，你怎么还能拒绝这么诱人的工作？
④[2013·大纲全国卷]Eight theatre groups turned_up uninvited in 1947 in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform.
有八个未被邀请的剧院团队也于1947年到场，他们相信每个人都有表演的权利。 ⑤It turned_out that his brother died of a heart attack. 原来他的兄弟死于心脏病。
2 break down 损坏，不能运转；身体垮掉；失败；崩溃；拆毁，拆除
First, his two sledges broke down, and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.(P28)
先是他的两个雪橇坏了，接着马匹开始应付不了大雪和严寒的天气。
break away ?from? 挣脱；脱离break in 破门而入；打断
break into 闯入；突然……起来?后接tears， laughter等?
break out ?战争?爆发；?火灾?发生break through 突围；突破；冲垮；克服
break up 拆开，结束；解散；?人与人关系?发生破裂
①[2015·湖北高考]He broke_down as he thought of his failure to sell all his papers. 想到自己没能卖完报纸，小男孩崩溃了。
②[2014·天津高考改编]The two countries are going to meet to break_down some barriers to trade between them.
两个国家将要会谈来分解他们之间的贸易障碍。
③[2013·福建高考]Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break_down in
2017届高考英语北师大版一轮复习教案：必修3 Unit 8 Adventure 含解析
